被动语态扩展情态动词和现在完成时被动-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（教科版五四制）

8下外研版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】被动语态扩展专项突破 初中外研版八年级下册 语法精讲 语法概述：被动语态扩展（情态动词和现在完成时被动）=情态动词(can,may,must等)+be+ 过去分词/现在完成时(have/has+been+过去分词)，前者表示“某事能够/可能/必须被做”，后 者表示“某事已经被做”，在句中强调动作的承受者或动作的被动关系。 一、 重难点讲解 重难点一：情态动词的被动语态结构及用法讲解： 结构：情态动词(can/may/must/.should等)+be+过去分词 表示“某事能够/可以/必须/应该被做”，情态动词无人称和数的变化，b动词始终用原形，过去分 词需根据动词规则变化。 The work must be finished on time..(必须按时完成工作) This book can be borrowed from the library.(这本书可以从图书馆借到) 真题再现： 1.(2024山东青岛期中，外研版)These old books_thrown away..They are still useful, A.mustn't be B.needn't be C.can't be D.shouldn't be 答案：A解析：句意为“这些书禁止被扔掉，它们还有用”，must't表示“禁止”，符合语 境。 2.(2023河北唐山月考，外研版)The problem_by my brother yesterday. A.can solve B.can be solved C.could solve D.could be solved 答案：D解析：yesterday提示用过去时，问题被解决用被动语态，could be solved符合。 1 8下外研版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 重难点二：现在完成时的被动语态结构及标志词讲解： 结构：have/has+been+过去分词 表示“某事从过去某时开始一直持续到现在被完成或对现在造成影响”，主语是第三人称单数用 has,其他人称用have,标志性时间状语有already/yet/just/ever/never等。 The bridge has been built for two years.(这座桥已建成两年了) Has the letter been sent yet?(信已经被寄出去了吗) 真题再现： 1.(2024天津和平区期末，外研版)Many new schools_一in our city since2020, A.have built B.have been built C.were built D.will be built 答案：B,解析：since2020提示用现在完成时，学校被建造用被动语态，have been built正 确。 2.(2023山西太原期中，外研版)一the project yet??-Yes,it一last week. A.Has;finished;finished B.Has;been finished,was finished C.Was;finished;has been finished D.Will;be finished;finished 答案：B解析：yet提示用现在完成时的被动语态has been finished,.last week提示过去时的 被动语态was finished。 重难点三：主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况讲解： 含双宾语的主动句变被动：可将间接宾语或直接宾语作被动句主语 He gave me a book.-I was given a book.A book was given to me. 感官动词和使役动词(see/hear/make等)主动句不带to,被动句要还原to We saw him enter the room.->He was seen to enter the room 真题再现： 1.(2024辽宁大连月考，外研版)My mother made me clean the room yesterday.(改为被动语态) made the room by my mother yesterday. 答案：I was to clean解析：make sb.do sth.变被动为sb.be made to do sth.,yesterday提示 用一般过去时的被动was made to clean。 2.(2023山东济南期末，外研版)The teacher told us a story in class.(改为被动语态) A story us by the teacher in class. 答案：was told to解析：双宾语结构主动变被动，直接宾语a story作主语，用was told to us。 2 8下外研版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点》 1.These old photos thrown away.They are precious memories. A.mustn't be B.needn't be C.can't be D.shouldn't be 2.The classroom by students every day. A.cleans B.is cleaned C.cleaned D.will be cleaned 3.Many tall buildings in our town since 2018. A.built B.were built C.have been built D.will be built 4.一_the homework yet? -Yes,I finished it an hour ago. A.Has;finished B.Was;finished C.Has;been finished D.Will;be finished Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The letter(send)yesterday by my brother 2.This song(must learn)by all students this term. 3.The bridge (build)for three years already. 4.the problem (solve)by Tom yet? 5.Children under 12(not allow)to swim alone. Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用被动语态） 用括号内动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。（外研版教材课文改编） A new library 1.(build)in our school last year.Now it 2.(visit)by many students every day. Books 3.(can borrow)from the library for two weeks.The rules 4.(must follow)by everyone. 3 8下外研版 【寒假专版】 D版重难点精讲 Next month,a reading contest 5.(hold)in the library.It 6.(hope)that more students will love reading. V.按要求改写句子（巩固被动语态） 1.They will finish the project next month.(改为被动语态) The projectnext month. 2.My father bought me a new bike yesterday..(改为被动语态) A new bikeme by my father yesterday. 3.We should plant more trees here.(改为被动语态) More trees here. 4.He has repaired the computer.(改为被动语态) The computer. by him. 5.They saw Tom enter the room.(改为被动语态) Tom enter the room. 综合演练参考答案 1.单项选择：1.A2.B3.C4.C Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.was sent 2.must be learned 3.has been built 4.Has;been solved 5.mustn't be allowed Ⅲ短文填空： 1.was built 2.is visited 3.can be borrowed 4.must be followed 5.will be held 6.is hoped V.按要求改写句子： 1.will be finished 2.was bought for 3.should be planted 4.has been repaired 5.was seen to 4