动词不定式作宾语及目的状语-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（沪外版）

7下新沪外版 【语法精讲】 动词不定式专项 语法专版 【语法专题】动词不定式专项突破 初中沪外版七年级下册 语法精讲 语法概述：动词不定式(t0+动词原形)作宾语时是放在及物动词后表示动作的对象，作目的状 语时是说明做某事的目的，在句中可作宾语、目的状语。 重难点讲解 重难点一：动词不定式作宾语的用法讲解： 动词不定式(to+动词原形)在句中可作及物动词的宾语，常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有wt (想要)、hope(希望)decide(决定)、try(尝试)、leam(学习)等。不定式作宾语时，to不可 省略。 I want to buy a new bike.(want后接不定式to buy作宾语) She hopes to visit Beijing next summer.(hope后接不定式to visit作宾语) 真题再现： 1.(2024 上海浦东区期中，沪外版)My brother decided English well this term. A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learned 答案：B 解析：decide后接不定式作宾语，即decide to do sth.,故选B。 2.(2023 江苏苏州月考，沪外版)She tries_up early every morning to read English, A.get B.to get C.getting D.gets 答案：B 解析：ry后接不定式表示“努力做某事”，try to do sth.符合语境，故选B。 重难点二：动词不定式作目的状语的用法讲解： 动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句末，表示“为了…”，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。 位于句首时，不定式前可加逗号：位于句末时，一般不用逗号。 7下新沪外版 【语法精讲】 动词不定式专项 To pass the exam,he studies hard every day.(句首，表目的) She went to the shop to buy some milk.(句末，表目的) 真题再现： 1.(2024浙江宁波期末，沪外版)catch the early bus,we got up at five o'clock. A.In order to B.So to C.For to D.To 答案：A 解析：in order to和to都可表目的，此处位于句首且强调目的，用In order to更符 合语境，故选A。 2.(2023 安徽合肥期中，沪外版)He opened the window一some fresh air. A.get B.to get C.getting D.got 答案：B 解析：此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了获取新鲜空气”，故选B。 重难点三：动词不定式的否定形式讲解： 动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not,即not to+动词原形，可用于作宾语或目的状语等。 My mother told me not to play computer games too late.(作宾语补足语的否定形式) He came here not to help us but to ask for money..(作目的状语的否定形式) 真题再现： l.(2024上海徐汇区月考，沪外版)The teacher asked us_noisy in the library. A.not be B.not to be C.don't be D.not being 答案：B解析：ask sb.not to do sth.表示“让某人不要做某事”，不定式的否定形式在to前 加not,故选B。 2.(2023江苏无锡期末，沪外版)They decided_the meeting because of the heavy rain. A.not hold B.not to hold C.don't hold D.not holding 答案：B解析：decide not to do sth.表示“决定不做某事”，不定式的否定形式为not to+动 词原形，故选B。 7下新沪外版 【语法精讲】 动词不定式专项 重难点四：“疑问词+动词不定式”结构讲解： 疑问词(what,how,where,.when,which等)可与动词不定式连用，构成“疑问词+todo”结构，在 句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。 Idon't know how to solve this problem.(作宾语) Where to go tomorrow is not decided yet.(作主语) 真题再现： 1.(2024浙江杭州期中，沪外版)Could you please tell me_the nearest post office? A.how to get to B.how get to C.how to get D.how getting to 答案：A解析：“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，gtto后接地点，how to get to符合语法， 故选A。 2.(2023上海长宁区期末，沪外版)He is thinking about_a new computer. A.which to buy B.which buy C.to buy which D.buying which 答案：A解析：“疑问词+不定式”结构作介词bout的宾语，which to buy符合结构，故选 A。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.My brother hopes a scientist when he grows up. A.become B.to become C.becoming D.became 2.She got up early this morning catch the first train to Nanjing. A.for B.in order to C.so D.as 3.Our teacher told us late for class again. A.not be B.to not be 3 7下新沪外版 【语法精讲】 动词不定式专项 C.not to be D.don't be 4.Could you please show me this new machine? A.how to use B.how use C.to use how D.using how Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.My parents decided(visit)my grandparents next weekend. 2.We need(study)hard to pass the final exam 3.He promised (not tell)lies to his parents anymore. 4.(improve)his English,Tom reads English newspapers every day. Ⅲ短文填空（综合运用不定式） 用动词不定式的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 My sister wants 1.(learn)dancing because she likes music very much.She plans 2.(take)classes twice a week.Last week,she asked me 3.(go)with her,but I refused.I told her I needed 4. (finish)my homework first.However,she said 5.(not worry)and promised 6.(help)me with my homework after class.Now I'm excited 7.(join)her next Monday! V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.to,Mary,buy,wants,a,new,dress,tomorrow,(. 2.we,early,leave,in order to,the station,reach,on time,(. 3.teacher,the,us,told,not,in,class,to,talk,(. 4.you,tell,can,me,to,the,library,how,get,(? V.按要求改写句子（巩固否定、疑问句式） l.She decided to go shopping with her friends.(改为否定句) 2.He studies hard every day to get good grades.(对划线部分提间) 3.My mother told me to clean my room.(改为一般疑问句) 4 7下新沪外版 【语法精讲】 动词不定式专项 4.We need to finish the project by Friday.(改为同义句) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.B3.C4.A Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：l.to visit2.to study 3.not to tell 4.To improve Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.to learn 2.to take 3.to go 4.to finish 5.not to worry 6.to help 7.to join V.连词成句： 1.Mary wants to buy a new dress tomorrow. 2.We leave early in order to reach the station on time. 3.The teacher told us not to talk in class. 4.Can you tell me how to get to the library? V.按要求改写句子： 1.She decided not to go shopping with her friends 2.Why does he study hard every day? 3.Did your mother tell you to clean your room? 4.It is necessary for us to finish the project by Friday