动词不定式作宾语和目的状语-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法重难点精讲（北师大版）

7下（新）北师大版 【寒假专版】 动词不定式精讲 寒假专版 【语法专题】动词不定式作宾语和目的状语 专项突破 初中北师大版七年级下册（新） 语法精讲 语法概述：动词不定式作宾语(t0+动词原形)=跟在某些及物动词后表示动作的对象，在句中作 宾语。动词不定式作目的状语(to叶动词原形)=说明某个动作的目的，在句中作目的状语。 一、 重难点讲解 重难点一：动词不定式作宾语的用法及常见动词搭配讲解： 动词不定式作宾语时，结构为”主语+谓语动词+o+动词原形”，表示动作的内容或对象。常见 接不定式作宾语的动词有：want(想要)、decide(决定)、hope(希望)、plan(计划)、ry(尝试)、 need(需要)等。 She wants to buy a new dress for the party.(want to do sth.想要做某事) They decided to visit the Great Wall this summer.(decide to do sth.决定做某事) 真题再现： 1.(2024 北京海淀期中，北师大版)My brother hopes一a scientist when he grows up. A.be B.to be C.being D.was 答案：B 解析：hope后接动词不定式作宾语，即hope to do sth.,”成为科学家”用be,故 选tobe。 2.(2023天津河西月考，北师大版)一What do you plan_this weekend?一I plan to go hiking with my friends A.do B.doing C.to do D.did 答案：C解析：plan后接动词不定式作宾语，plan to do sth.表示”计划做某事'，故选todo。 7下（新）北师大版 【寒假专版】 动词不定式精讲 重难点二：动词不定式作目的状语的用法及位置讲解： 动词不定式作目的状语时，结构为”t0+动词原形，表示”为了”，说明主句动作的目的。可 位于句首（用逗号隔开）或句末。位于句首时强调目的，位于句末时更自然。 To improve his English,he reads English newspapers every day.(位于句首，强调目的) She gets up early to catch the first bus.(位于句末，说明起床早的目的) 真题再现： 1.(2024 陕西西安期末，北师大版)They went to the supermarket some food and drinks.. A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.bought 答案：C 解析：句意为”他们去超市为了买一些食物和饮料”，此处用动词不定式作目的状 语，表目的，故选to buy。 2.(2023四川成都期中，北师大版)_get good grades,.we should study hard every day. A.For B.To C.With D.On 答案：B解析：句意为”为了取得好成绩，我们应该每天努力学习”，动词不定式位于句首 作目的状语，用to,故选To。 重难点三：动词不定式符号o的省略情况讲解： 在使役动词let(让)、make(使)和感官动词see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)、notice (注意到)等词后作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略，结构为'let/make/see/hear.+宾语+动 词原形”。但当这些动词用于被动语态时，o要还原。 My mother lets me play basketball after finishing homework.(主动语态，省略to) I was made to clean my room by my father yesterday..(被动语态，to还原) 真题再现： 1.(2024广东广州月考，北师大版)We often hear her English songs in the morning. A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sings 答案：A解析：hear后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，hear sb.do sth.表示”听见某人做 某事（全过程）”，此处指经常听见她唱英文歌，故选sing。 2.(2023 湖北武汉期中，北师大版)The teacher made him_his homework again because there were many mistakes. A.do 2 7下（新）北师大版 【寒假专版】 动词不定式精讲 B.to do C.doing D.did 答案：A解析：make后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，make sb.do sth.表示'使某人做 某事”，故选do。 重难点四：”疑问词+动词不定式”的结构及用法讲解： ”疑问词(what/when/where/how/which)+to+动词原形'构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、宾 语、表语等，相当于一个宾语从句。 Idon't know what to do next.(what to do作宾语，相当于what I should do) She taught me how to cook noodles..(how to cook作宾语，相当于how I should cook) 真题再现： 1.(2024浙江杭州期末，北师大版)Can you tell me_to get to the nearest post office? A.what B.how C.where D.when 答案：B解析：句意为”你能告诉我怎样到达最近的邮局吗”，”怎样做某事”用how to do sth.,故选how。 2.(2023 江苏南京期中，北师大版)He is thinking about which book_first A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 答案：C 解析：”疑问词which+动词不定式to read”作about的宾语，表示”读哪本书”，故 选to read。. 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点） 1.She wants a new bike for her birthday. A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.bought 2.We decided to the park this Sunday. A.go 3 7下（新）北师大版 【寒假专版】 动词不定式精讲 B.going C.to go D.went 3.He gets up early catch the school bus. A.for B.to C.with D.on 4.I heard her in the next room just now. A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sings Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.My brother hopes(be)an engineer when he grows up. 2.We need (finish)our homework before dinner. 3.(improve)his speaking skills,he practices English every day. 4.The teacher let us(read the text aloud. Ⅲ短文填空（综合运用不定式） 用括号内动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。 Tom is a student.He likes(learn)new things.He plans(join)the English club this term.To (make)more friends,he often helps his classmates.His parents want him(study)hard,so he tries (do)well in all subjects.He knows (listen)to the teacher carefully is important.He hopes(go)to a good high school in the future. V.连词成句（聚焦句型结构) 1.decided,we,to,the,museum,visit,tomorrow,(. 2.to,early,he,get,up,to,morning,exercises,does,do,(. 3.my,let,me,mother,TV,watch,usually,( 4.know,you,how,the,station,to,get,do,to,(? V.按要求改写句子（巩固不定式用法） 1.He wants to play basketball after school..(改为否定句) 7下（新）北师大版 【寒假专版】 动词不定式精讲 2.They plan to have a picnic this weekend.(改为一般疑问句) 3.She bought a book to learn English.(对划线部分提问) 4.I saw him enter the room.(改为被动语态) 参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2.C3B4.A Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.to be2.to finish3.To improve4.read Ⅲ.短文填空： 1.learning 2.to join 3.make 4.to study 5.to do 6.to listen 7.to go IV.连词成句： 1.We decided to visit the museum tomorrow. 2.He does morning exercises to get up early. 3.My mother usually lets me watch TV. 4.Do you know how to get to the station? V.按要求改写句子： 1.He doesn't want to play basketball after school. 2.Do they plan to have a picnic this weekend? 3.Why did she buy a book? 4.He was seen to enter the room.