内容正文:
表语从句
表语说明主语的性质,特征、状态或身份,与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
表语通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等充当。
We are Chinese.我们是中国人。(名词)
I'm not quite myself today.我今天身体不太舒服。(代词)
The sky looks much higher in autumn.秋天天空看上去更高。(形容词)
Who was the first?谁第一?(数词)
The war was over.战争结束了。(副词)
He is out of condition.他身体状况不好。(介词短语)
They seem to know the truth.他们似乎知道真相。(动词不定式短语)
His hobby is playing computer games.他的爱好就是玩电脑游戏。(动名词短语)
Time is pressing.时间紧迫。(现在分词)
This is what he told me yesterday.这就是他昨天告诉我的。(从句)
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句,表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。
His suggestion is good.
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
引导表语从句的连接词主要有以下几类。
1.从属连词
引导表语从句的从属连词有两个:that和whether。that和whether在表语从句中不作任何成分,that无实义,但whether表示“是否”的意义。
The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself.
你犯错误的原因是你本身缺乏信心。
The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product.
问题是我们能否降低产品的成本。
特别关注:一般不能用if引导表语从句,而用whether取代。在口语中,that引导的表语从句中that常省略。
2.连接代词
引导表语从句的连接代词主要有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever等。
The doubt is who has got away with the document.
疑点就是谁拿走了文件。
This is what I am interested in.
这就是我所感兴趣的。
3.连接副词
引导表语从句的连接副词主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever等。
That was where we camped last time.
那就是上次我们野营的地方。
The question is how we can do the work better.
问题是我们如何才能将这项工作做得更好。
4.其他连接词
另外,because, as if, as though, as, like等也可引导表语从句。
He has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.他有心脏病。那是因为他抽烟太多了。
表语从句中需要注意的问题
1.reason作主语时的表语从句。
主语为名词时,表语从句中的连接词要用that,而不用why。
The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless.
这么严重的一起事故是由司机太粗心造成的。
2.表语从句中的虚拟语气
若主句的主语是advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等名词,表语从句应用虚拟语气,即主语无论是单数还是复数,谓语一律用动词原形或“should+动词原形”的形式。
My suggestion is that we (should) have a disscussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.
我的建议就是我们应当讨论一下这个问题,而不应把它放在一边。
3.运用连接词时的注意事项
从属连词that在从句中不作成分,也没有实际意义,在口语中一般可省略。而whether虽然在从句中不作成分,但含有“是否”的意义。连接代词和连接副词在从句中都作成分,同时也含有自己的意义。连接代词和连接副词一般表疑问,但what, when, where等连接词有两种含义:一种表示疑问,一种表示陈述,相当于the thing that, the time when, the place where等。
What we will discuss today is who will be the chairman.
我们今天要讨论的就是谁将担任主席的问题。(表陈述)
表语从句的时态
表语从句中主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
The question is why he cried yesterday.
问题在于他昨天为什么哭了。
The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
问题在于明天谁会和我一起去北京。
His problem is that he is having a tough relationship with his family.
他的问题是和家人关系很紧张。
表语从句的注意事项
表语从句中的连词that不可以省略;
if不可以用来引导表语从句;
主句为reason时,表语从句不可以用because,而要用that;
表语从句的语序用陈述句语序;
标语从句的主句和从句时态可以不一致。
表语从句写作句型练习:
This/That is where...这就是…… 的地方
The question is whether...问题在于是否……
My view/opinion is that...我的观点是……
The reason why...is that...…… 的原因是……
What matters/counts is that...重要的是……
It seems/appears as if...看起来好像……
The key to...is that...…… 的关键在于……
That is why...这就是为什么……
What I want to emphasize is that...我想强调的是……
10. The fact/truth is/ remains that...事实仍然是……
be动词:am, is, are, was, were;
感官动词: look, sound, feel, taste, smell
It sounds like what he said is true. 听起来他说的是真的。
变化类动词:become, get, turn, grow
Her dream has become that she will be a doctor.
她的梦想已成为成为一名医生。
状态类动词:seem, appear, remain, prove
It remains whether the plan will be approved.
计划是否会被批准仍未可知。
The difficulty was ______ we lacked experience.
because B. why C. that D. what
2. It looks ______ the package has been delivered.
like B. that C. as if D. what
3. My requirement is ______ all documents be submitted by Friday.
if B. whether C. that D. what
4. That's ______ I disagree with you fundamentally.
when B. where C. why D. how
5. What puzzled me was ______ he solved the problem so quickly.
A. if B. whether C. that D. how
6. The reason for the delay is ______ the flight was canceled.
because B. why C. that D. what
7. It appears ______ no one was in the office at that time.
that B. as if C. what D. which
8. Her suggestion is ______ we hold an online meeting.
if B. whether C. that D. what
9. This is ______ we need to focus our attention.
when B. where C. what D. how
10. The question remains ______ this method will be effective.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
C (that) - 说明困难的具体内容 | 困难在于我们缺乏经验。
2. C (as if) - "看起来好像",固定搭配 | 看起来包裹好像已经送达了。
3. C (that) - requirement后接虚拟语气 | 我的要求是所有文件必须在周五前提交。
4. C (why) - 表示原因 | 这就是我根本不同意你的原因。
5. D (how) - 表示方式 | 让我困惑的是他如何这么快就解决了问题。
6. C (that) - reason作主语时,表语从句用that引导 | 延误的原因是航班被取消了。
7. A (that) - 陈述事实,用that | 看起来当时没有人在办公室。
8. C (that) - suggestion后接虚拟语气 | 她的建议是我们开一个线上会议。
9. B (where) - 表示地点,注意不是what | 这就是我们需要集中注意力的地方。
10. B (whether) - 表示"是否" | 问题仍然是这种方法是否会有效。
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