内容正文:
[单元基础练]
Ⅰ.单词集训
A.词性转化
1.Finally he reached an abandoned (abandon) island that was completely cut off from the outside world.
2.The selfdriving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the latest expansion_(expand) in Shanghai in August.
3.It is known that the helicopter crashed into a hilly area in foggy conditions, and the cause of the crash is still under investigation(investigate).
4.Xi'an is the home of Chinese civilisation(civilise), where the renowned Silk Road starts stretching through west China to the Mediterranean.
5.In August, cases of a mysterious(mystery) severe lung disease rocked the health society, with doctors looking for the cause of the illness.
B.介词、副词填空
1.Those who continuously acquire new knowledge that they can apply to their work are more likely to succeed.
2.They has turned wetlands_into fields for growing grains and has dug huge canal systems.
3.Years of wars has left the area in_ruins.
4.Kid should steer clear of that place;it isn't safe.
5.We must check him_out before we employ him.
C.动词训练
1.The_shipwrecked_(shipwreck) couple were rescued by two fishermen.
2.The students, as well as their teachers, set out to_climb (climb) the hill, which is very beautiful in autumn.
3.The boy is always found_buried(bury) in reading books.
4.The ride sharing service is only a trial in limited regions, and will continue to_improve_(improve) in line with feedback from the public.
5.They had accidentally damaged a gas pipe while drilling (drill).
D.单句语法填空
1.It is a truth well known to all that China has become one of the strongest countries in the world.
2.What made his mother angry is that the boy spent as much time playing games as he did studying.
3.I wonder whether/if it will rain tomorrow.Weather permitting, I'll go to see our English teacher together with you.
4.You have to know where you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
5.Other_substances(substance), such as radioactive waste material, can also cause pollution.
Ⅱ.短语填空
1.In_addition(除此之外), the computer is also very helpful for study and work.
2.This old song_is_familiar_to(对……来说是熟悉的) those Chinese people who lived in the 60s.
3.The man throws_himself_into (积极投入到……中去)his career and he has no time to take care of his children.
4.After the war broke out in the country, a lot of residents ran_for_their_lives(逃命) to other countries.
5.The government will provide temporary accommodation for_up_to(多达) three thousand people.
6.You must think_twice(三思而后行) and watch your step at this critical moment.
7.When setting_out(出发) on a long journey, always remember to wear suitable boots.
8.He looked_into(调查) the matter as soon as possible and solved it as expected.
9.You know, 150 dollars is roughly equivalent_to(等同于)1, 000 yuan in RMB.
Ⅲ.句型训练
1.在我们教室的后墙上挂着一只大钟, 看起来非常古老。(地点状语+倒装句)
On_the_back_wall_of_our_classroom_hangs_a_big_clock,_which looks very old.
2.从山顶上看, 这个小村庄更美。(过去分词短语作状语)
Seen_from_the_top_of_the_mountain,_the small village looks more beautiful.
3.这位老人有两个儿子, 其中一个在纽约工作。(介词+关系代词引导定语从句)
The old man has two sons, one_of_whom_works_in_New_York.
4.考虑到他到中国才一年, 他的中国话讲得很不错了。(considering)
He speaks Chinese quite well, considering_that_he_has_been_in_China_for_only_a_year.
5.正是他说的内容让在场的人都大笑起来。(强调句型)
It_was_what_he_said_that_made all the people present laugh.
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dinosaurs ___1___ (undoubted) ruled the land and sky in their time, but there was little evidence of their presence in water until now.According to a new study published in the journal Nature, ___2___international team of researchers uncovered a wellpreserved skeleton (骨架) of a dinosaur's tail in___3___ is now known as the Sahara Desert—a region ___4___ (believe) to be an oasis(绿洲) 100 million years ago.
The remains belong to a dinosaur species named Spinosaurus Aegyptiacus.Through reconstruction ___5___ the tail skeleton, scientists found that the tail had a finlike (鳍状的) shape, ___6___ propelled(推进) the dinosaur forward.Its bones were very dense (密实的), allowing ___7___ to control its body position in the water.The structure of the tail bones also ___8___(indicate) that the animal could grow up to 15 metres long and weigh up to 20 tons.
The team made a model __9__(copy) Spinosaurus' swimming movements, and the result supported the idea of a tailpropelled “river monster”.David Unwin, a scientist at the University of Leicester, UK, considered the discovery as “game changing” since it fundamentally alters (改变) our understanding of ___10___ this dinosaur species lived and hunted.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《自然》杂志上的一项关于恐龙尾骨骨架的新研究。
1.undoubtedly [考查副词。句意:毫无疑问,恐龙在它们的时代统治着大地和天空,但到目前为止,几乎没有证据表明它们在水中存在。分析句子可知,空白处应该填副词修饰动词ruled,意为“毫无疑问地”,故填undoubtedly。]
2.an [考查不定冠词。句意:根据发表在《自然》杂志上的一项新研究显示,一个国际研究小组发现了一具保存完好的恐龙尾巴骨架,在现在被称为撒哈拉沙漠的地方。这个区域被认为在一亿年前是一片绿洲。该处泛指“一个国际小组”,用不定冠词;international是元音发音开头,故填an。]
3.what [考查名词性从句。句意:根据发表在《自然》杂志上的一项新研究显示,一个国际研究小组发现了一具保存完好的恐龙尾巴骨架,在现在被称为撒哈拉沙漠的地方。这个区域被认为在一亿年前是一片绿洲。分析句子可知,空白处引导宾语从句,作in的宾语,is的主语,是个双重成分。故填what。]
4.believed [考查非谓语动词。句意:根据发表在《自然》杂志上的一项新研究显示,一个国际研究小组发现了一具保存完好的恐龙尾巴骨架,在现在被称为撒哈拉沙漠的地方。这个区域被认为在一亿年前是一片绿洲。分析句子可知,uncovered 是整个句子的谓语,believe要用非谓语形式作定语,修饰region,believe与逻辑主语a region 间是动宾关系,表被动,用过去分词作后置定语。故填believed。]
5.of [考查介词。句意:通过重建尾巴骨架,科学家发现尾巴呈鳍状,推动恐龙前进。reconstruction of sth.意为“……的重建”,符合句意。故填of。]
6.which [考查定语从句。句意:通过重建尾巴骨架,科学家发现尾巴呈鳍状,推动恐龙前进。分析句子可知,空白处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,代替先行词a finlike shape,指物,引导非限制性定语从句用which,故填which。]
7.it [考查代词。句意:它的骨质很密,使它在水中能控制自己身体的位置。空白处与句子的主语its一致,指代the dinosaur,故填it。]
8.indicated [考查动词的时态。句意:尾骨的结构也表明,这种动物可以长到15米长,重达20吨。分析句子可知,空格处为谓语动词,结合上下文可知,空格处需用一般过去时,故填indicated。]
9.to copy [考查非谓语动词。句意:他们做了一个模型来模仿棘龙的游泳运动,这个结果支持了尾巴推动的“河怪”的想法。分析句子可知,made是句子的谓语,copy要用非谓语形式;空白处表目的,用不定式作目的状语,故填to copy。]
10.how [考查名词性从句。句意:英国莱斯特大学的David Unwin 认为这一发现“改变了游戏规则”,因为它从根本上改变了我们对这种恐龙如何生存和捕猎的理解。结合语境可知,此处指这种恐龙如何生存和捕猎,需用how引导宾语从句。故填how。]
[单元加餐练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The world's oceans are some of the most interesting and breathtaking places on the entire planet.A lot of these oceans have witnessed a variety of disappearances and other mysteries, most of which cannot and have not been explained by modern science.Here are some interesting unsolved sea mysteries of the world.
USS Scorpion
In February 1969, the USS Scorpion, an American submarine, departed from Norfolk, Virginia, on its way towards the Mediterranean.The crew had almost a decade of experience, and yet the sub disappeared and broke into pieces on the sea floor.There were 99 men aboard the sub, all of whom lost their lives.
Baltic Sea Sub
In the later half of 2014, a mysterious vessel(大船) was spotted by Swedish citizens, many of whom described it as a Russian submarine, in the Baltic Sea.The military spent much time in investigating, but found no sign of the mysterious sub.The search was named “the hunt for Reds in October.”
Bermeja Island
During the 1970s, Bermeja Island served as a bit of a marker for Mexico and their economic zone.Around 20 years later, the island disappeared without any sign.Along with the island, numerous important documents about major oil reserves also went missing.
Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck
In 2001, ExxonMobil was laying pipeline in the Gulf of Mexico when they ran into a shipwreck around 2,600 feet under the surface.Upon exploring the shipwreck, archaeologists believed it to be a terrible spell, as something would constantly go wrong when they went down to explore.
SS Edmund Fitzgerald
Lake Superior is so large that it behaves like an inland ocean, including terrific storms.In November 1975, one such storm struck the vessel SS Edmund Fitzgerald, which was headed to Detroit.The Fitzgerald disappeared after communications were lost.A week later, a sonar(声呐) ship found the vessel 500 feet under the water.Not one body was found, though.
1.Why does the author think of USS Scorpion as a mystery?
A.Because 99 men died aboard the sub.
B.Because it lost its way towards the Mediterranean.
C.Because the sub still sank even with experienced crew.
D.Because there is no information of the unknown sub.
2.What do Baltic Sea Sub and Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck have in common?
A.Both are highly put on a bad spell.
B.Both the names of the vessels are unknown.
C.Both are found on the beaches.
D.Both are said to be Russian vessels.
3.Which mystery is different from the others?
A.SS Edmund Fitzgerald
B.Bermeja Island
C.Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck
D.USS Scorpion
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。世界上的海洋是整个地球上最有趣和最令人惊叹的地方之一。这些海洋中有很多已经见证了各种各样的失踪和其他神秘事件,其中大多数不能也没有被现代科学所解释。文章主要介绍了世界上一些有趣的未解之谜。
1.C [细节理解题。根据第二段中The crew had almost a decade of experience, and yet the sub disappeared and broke into pieces on the sea floor.可知船员们几乎有10年的经验,但这艘潜艇还是消失了,在海底摔成了碎片。由此可知,作者认为蝎子号是一个谜是因为即使有经验丰富的船员,潜水艇还是沉没了。故选C。]
2.B [细节理解题。根据第三段中In the later half of 2014, a mysterious vessel was spotted by Swedish citizens, many of whom described it as a Russian submarine, in the Baltic Sea.可知2014年下半年,一艘神秘的船只在波罗的海被瑞典公民发现,其中许多人将其描述为一艘俄罗斯潜艇。以及第五段In 2001, ExxonMobil was laying pipeline in the Gulf of Mexico when they ran into a shipwreck around 2,600 feet under the surface.Upon exploring the shipwreck, archaeologists believed it to be a terrible spell, as something would constantly go wrong when they went down to explore.可知2001年,埃克森美孚公司在墨西哥湾铺设输油管道时,在海底2600英尺处遭遇了一艘沉船。在探索海难时,考古学家认为这是一个可怕的咒语,因为当他们下去探索时,总会有东西出错。由此可知,波罗的海潜艇和墨西哥湾沉船共同之处是都不知道两艘船的名字。故选B。]
3.B [细节理解题。根据第四段中Around 20 years later, the island disappeared without any sign.Along with the island, numerous important documents about major oil reserves also went missing.可知大约20年后,这个岛消失得无影无踪。除了这座岛屿,大量关于主要石油储备的重要文件也消失了。结合其他的谜团都是关于船只的,由此可知,Bermeja岛的谜团与其他的不同。故选B。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Sleep to Lose Weight
A recent study found that people who sleep less tend to be fat.Experts said it's time to find out if more sleep can fight obesity.
Nowadays, the most popular method to keep fit is doing more exercise and eating less.Some people even take weightloss drugs to keep slim, which is unhealthy and harmful to your body.“ ___1___As a result, we've failed to recognize the value of good sleep,” said a physician.
Men sleep an average of 27 minutes less than women, and overweight and fat patients sleep less than patients with normal weights.In general, fat people just sleep about 1.8 hours less a week than those with normal weights.___2___Only an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night contributes to a lower BODY MASS INDEX (身体质量指数).
We caution that this study does not establish a causeandeffect relationship between limited sleep and fatness.___3___Therefore, let's stay thin by sleeping more!
Here are some other advantages of sleeping more.
• You'll learn better.
This isn't just for children.Adults who get enough sleep also do better on tests of shortterm memory.
•___4___
After getting enough sleep, you will find yourself feeling happy and delighted.
• Lower stress.
___5___With that people can better control their blood pressure.
A.Better mood.
B.You will be energized.
C.Sleep can definitely reduce levels of stress.
D.We've put so much emphasis on diet and exercise.
E.The study is intended to offer a healthy way to help people sleep longer.
F.The experts suggest that too much extension of sleep time not be necessary.
G.However, investigations of successful weight loss by sleeping more help prove such a connection.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了,专家通过对比肥胖人群和健康人群的睡眠时间得出适当延长睡眠有助于减肥的结论,同时还有睡眠的其他好处。
1.D [由本段第一句“现在,最流行的保持健康的方法是多锻炼和少吃。”和空后那句“因此,我们没有认识到良好睡眠的价值”可知,承接上下文,D选项“我们太强调饮食和锻炼。”切题。该选项中的diet and exercise对应上文中的exercise and eating less,正是因为太强调运动饮食才会忽视睡眠的重要性。故选D项。]
2.F [由上一句“一般来说,肥胖的人每周只比正常体重的人少睡1.8小时。”和空后那句“每晚只多睡20分钟有助于降低体重指数。”可知,承接上下文,F选项“专家建议不必过多延长睡眠时间。”切题。该选项中的too much extension of sleep time not be necessary对应下文中的Only an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night。故选F项。]
3.G [由上一句“我们谨慎说,这项研究并没有在有限睡眠和肥胖之间建立因果关系。”和空后那句“因此,让我们多睡一会儿,保持苗条!”可知,承接上下文,G选项“然而,通过睡眠成功减肥的调查有助于证明这种联系。”切题。该选项中的such a connection对应上文中的a causeandeffect relationship between limited sleep and fatness,也对应后文“通过多睡保持苗条”。故选G项。]
4.A [由下一句“睡眠充足后,你会发现自己感到快乐。”可知,承接下文,A选项“好心情。”切题。该选项中Better mood对应下文中的feeling happy and delighted。故选A项。]
5.C [由上一句“减少压力。”可知,承接上文,C选项“睡眠绝对可以减轻压力。”切题。该选项中reduce levels of stress对应上文中的Lower stress。故选C项。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
Mitsuhiro Iwamoto has been blind since he was 16.He wanted to ___1___ that his blindness didn't limit what he could do.
Sailing a boat is much more ___2___ than simply steering(掌舵).But Mr Iwamoto can ___3___ it.He can feel the waves and sense the speed and angle of the winds to ___4___ the sails properly.In 2013, he tried to sail the Pacific with a navigator(领航员).However, after only five days at sea, their boat sank, and the two spent 11 hours floating in the sea before they were ___5___.
Doug Smith, who hadn't sailed much before, but liked the ___6___ of sailing across the Pacific, learned the story of Mr Iwamoto's defeat during his first sail.He got in touch with Mr Iwamoto.___7___ they teamed up.Mr Smith would go along as the boat's navigator—to use his ___8___ to decide on the boat's path.It took much courage to make a second attempt, but Mr Iwamoto was ___9___.He said that “Failure becomes ___10___ failure if you stop trying.”
They prepared for the ___11___ trip together.Mr Smith bought a 40foot sailboat that he named Dream Weaver.Mr Iwamoto ___12___ actively and hard.On February 24, he and Mr Smith, who he calls his “Seeing Eye Doug”, set out from San Diego, California on their 14,000kilometre trip.___13___, after sailing for 55 days, the two arrived in Iwaki, Japan.
“I didn't ___14___ and I made it,” Mr Iwamoto ___15___ himself on this achievement.He became the first blind person to sail nonstop across the Pacific Ocean in the world.
1.A.prove B.believe
C.suggest D.advertise
2.A.artificial B.convenient
C.complex D.expensive
3.A.predict B.handle
C.repair D.improve
4.A.advocate B.record
C.save D.adjust
5.A.blocked B.served
C.explored D.rescued
6.A.distance B.direction
C.curiosity D.thought
7.A.Again B.Then
C.Even D.Still
8.A.strength B.eyes
C.theory D.acts
9.A.interested B.determined
C.satisfied D.relaxed
10.A.true B.precious
C.equal D.popular
11.A.extra B.normal
C.practical D.new
12.A.trained B.observed
C.designed D.commented
13.A.Consequently B.Naturally
C.Finally D.Directly
14.A.fade away B.look back
C.break down D.give up
15.A.enjoyed B.expressed
C.prided D.repeated
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。Iwamoto Mitsuhiro从16岁起就失明了,但他坚持努力,勇敢尝试,最终通过55天的航行,成为世界上第一个不间断横渡太平洋的盲人。
1.A [考查动词词义辨析。句意:他想证明他的失明并没有阻碍他的能力。A.prove证明;B.believe相信;C.suggest暗示;D.advertise宣传。根据下文“his blindness didn't limit what he can do”可知,他自从16岁就失明了,因此想要证明他的失明不限制他可以做的。故选A。]
2.C [考查形容词词义辨析。句意:驾船比简单的掌舵要复杂得多。A.artificial人工的;B.convenient方便的;C.complex复杂的;D.expensive昂贵的。本空后有simply,后句有but,表转折,以及后文还有“He can feel the waves and sense the speed...”信息,说明本句在谈:驾船比简单的掌舵要复杂得多。故选C。]
3.B [考查动词词义辨析。句意:但是他能够掌控。A.predict预知;B.handle处理,掌控;C.repair修理;D.improve改进。第一段谈到Mitsuhiro是盲人,盲人驾驶航船很困难,由But可推断,但是他能够掌控。故选B。]
4.D [考查动词词义辨析。句意:他能感觉到海浪,感觉到风的速度和角度。A.advocate提倡;B.record记录;C.save拯救;D.adjust调整。根据上文“He can feel the waves and sense the speed and angle of the winds ”可知,此处他会根据自己的感知,正确调整航向。故选D。]
5.D [考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们在被救之前在海中漂浮了11个小时。A.blocked 阻挡;B.served服务;C.explored探索;D.rescued救援。根据上下文语境可知,在他们被救起之前漂浮了11个小时。故选D。]
6.D [考查名词词义辨析。句意:Doug Smith,以前没有进行过太多航海,但喜爱横渡太平洋这个想法,知道了Mr Iwamoto's第一次出海的时候就失败的故事。A.distance距离;B.direction方向;C.curiosity好奇;D.thought想法。本句有but,说明他虽然对航行不在行,但喜爱横渡太平洋这个想法。故选D。]
7.B [考查副词词义辨析。句意:后来他们组队。A.Again又,再;B.Then于是,然后;C.Even甚至;D.Still仍然。前文谈到Mitsuhiro想证明自己的能力,再结合Doug Smith喜爱横渡太平洋,他们两人可谓志同道合,于是很快组队。故选B。]
8.B [考查名词词义辨析。句意:史密斯先生将作为船上的领航员——用眼睛决定船的走向。A.strength力量;B.eyes眼睛;C.theory理论;D.acts行动。Mitsuhiro是盲人,所以本空应填eyes,指Doug Smith用眼睛为Mitsuhiro导航。故选B。]
9.B [考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但是Iwamoto是意志坚定的。A.interested感兴趣的;B.determined坚定的;C.satisfied满意的;D.relaxed放松的。本句前部分谈到Mitsuhiro第二次尝试需要很大的勇气,因此这里指他决心已定。故选B。]
10.A [考查形容词词义辨析。句意:如果你停止尝试,失败就会变成真正的失败。A.true真正的;B.precious宝贵的;C.equal平等的;D.popular流行的。本句是本文的中心思想。体现Mitsuhiro绝不退缩的信念:如果你停止尝试,失败就会变成真正的失败。故选A。]
11.D [考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们一起为这次新的航行做准备。A.extra多余的;B.normal正常的;C.practical实用;D.new新的。Mitsuhiro和Doug Smith是第一次合作航行,因此这是一次新的航行。故选D。]
12.A [考查动词词义辨析。句意:Mitsuhiro努力地主动地训练。A.trained训练;B.observed观察;C.designed设计;D.commented评论。前文谈到了他们为这次航行在做准备,Doug Smith买了船,本句指Mitsuhiro努力地主动地为这次航行训练自己。故选A。]
13.C [考查副词词义辨析。句意:最终,在航行了55天以后,两人到达了日本的伊瓦卡。A.Consequently,因此,结果;B.Naturally自然地;C.Finally终于;D.Directly直接地。本空后面谈到他们经历了55天的不间断航行,所以此处表示终于到达了目的地。故选C。]
14.D [考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:我不放弃,我成功了。A.fade away消失;B.look back回想;C.break down体力不支,出故障;D.give up放弃。从上下文可知,Mitsuhiro具有坚忍不拔的毅力,因此他不放弃,才取得了成功。本句再次点明本文主题。故选D。]
15.C [考查动词词义辨析。句意:Iwamoto为自己感到自豪。A.enjoyed享受,喜欢;B.expressed表达;C.prided感到自豪;D.repeated重复。Mitsuhiro通过艰辛努力,获得了成功,他本人为此感到自豪。故选C。]
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The magic necklace
Josie went to her grandmother's house for summer holiday.One day, when Grandma was making lunch, Josie felt bored and wanted to do something interesting.She saw an old and dusty box in her room.She was digging through her grandmother's things in the box when she found a necklace with a big purple stone in it.The stone, shining with inner light, was so beautiful that she loved it so much.She sat down on the floor, stared at the stone and became lost in the necklace, trying to see what was within the stone.
However, she did not notice the world around her became foggy and began to fade.The lines between worlds began to be unclear, and when she finally shook her head and tried to wake up, she found that she was in another world! She was surprised and excited, because things had become so different in this world.
The sky looked strange, because it was purple.The grass was blue, and the trees around her were tall.Bugs of bright colours and different shapes flew around her, and the light came from a pair of suns in the sky.Nearby, pink water flowed at a black sand beach.Everything was so different and interesting.
She walked around for a time, amazed by what she saw.She walked along the beach, feeling the black sand between her toes.She drank some pink water, which was sweet, like sugar water, and then she ran through the forest, where trees smiled at her when she passed.It was all so strange and beautiful.
After several hours travelling in this magic land, Josie began to feel hungry and tired.Suddenly she realized that she didn't know how to get home.She was frightened and worried about what to do.After thinking for a few moments, she realized that the necklace must be the key to the world she belonged.
注意:1.续写词数应为150 左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Para.1:
She grabbed(抓) the necklace around her neck and looked into it.______________ _________
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Para.2:
Filled with many questions, she rushed downstairs to tell her grandmother what she'd seen.
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[参考范文]
She grabbed(抓) the necklace around her neck and looked into it.Inside it, she could see the image of herself sitting beside the box in her room, staring into the necklace.How could that be? Was all this her imagination? She fixed her eyes on the necklace and stared harder, and the world became unclear once more.The sight of the wonderland and everything surrounding her faded, slowly becoming the room once more.Then, she was back.Josie took a deep breath and set the necklace aside, not daring to look at it any more.
Filled with many questions, she rushed downstairs to tell her grandmother what she'd seen.But Grandma seemed to know.She just smiled when Josie asked her questions like whether she had gone to the magic world as a little girl.Grandma didn't say anything but just let Josie keep the necklace.Someday, Josie might try to go back again with her grandma.But for then, it was lunchtime.All the mysterious things there would have to wait, because moving between two worlds was really tiring and she was hungry already!
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