Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Developing ideas& Presenting ideas-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word（外研版）

Section Ⅳ　Developing ideas& Presenting ideas 注解助读 原文呈现 参考译文 ①diverge v．(两条路)岔开；分开 ②undergrowth n．(长在大树下或周边的)下木层；下层灌木丛 ③fair adj.[熟词生义] 美丽的 ④grassy adj.长满草的，被草覆盖的 ⑤wear[熟词生义]n.磨损 ⑥as for至于，关于 ⑦tread vi.踩，踏vt.& vi.行走(trod, trodden) ⑧lead on to促使，促成 ⑨sigh n．&vi.叹息，叹气 ⑩ages and ages hence很久很久以后 ⑪make all the difference 迥然不同 ⑫line n．[熟词生义] 诗行，歌词 ⑬quote vt.&vi.引用，引述 n. 引语 quotation n．引语 ⑭be set to music 被谱曲 set v．[熟词生义] 为……谱曲；给……配乐 ⑮numerous adj.许多的，很多的 ⑯television commercials 电视广告 commercial n．(电台或电视播放的)商业广告adj.商业的，贸易的 ⑰of all time 有史以来 ⑱thoughtful adj.认真思考的；深思的 ⑲insight n．洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟(常跟介词into) ⑳human nature 人性 cannot help but do sth.＝can't help doing sth.忍不住(或无法抑制)做某事 symbolize vt.象征，代表 progress v．进展，进步 alternative n．可供选择的事物 have no alternative/ choice but to do sth.别无选择，只能做某事 on a daily basis 每天 range from...to...包括从……到……之间的各类事物 dilemma n．进退两难的境地，困境 face a dilemma be in a dilemma 处于进退两难的境地 arise from由……引起 moral problems 道德问题 have...in common 有相同的特征(或特点等) consequence n．结果，后果 as a consequence 因此，结果 in consequence of 由于 circumstance n．情况，情形 in most circumstances 在大多数情况下 understandable adj.可以理解的 turn down拒绝 a mixture of choice and chance 选择和机会的结合 look back on回首(往事)，回忆，回顾 nonetheless adv.尽管如此 make the most of＝make full use of充分利用 with regret 遗憾地 optimism n．乐观，乐观主义 optimistic adj.乐观的 The Road Not Taken Two roads diverged① in a yellow wood， And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler，long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth②[1]； Then took the other，as just as fair③， And having perhaps the better claim， Because it was grassy④ and wanted wear⑤； Though as for⑥ that，the passing there Had worn them really about the same， And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden⑦ black. Oh，I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to⑧ way， I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh⑨ Somewhere ages and ages hence⑩： Two roads diverged in a wood，and I— I took the one less traveled by[2]， And that has made all the difference⑪. [1]画线部分为where引导的宾语从句。 [2]画线部分为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于which was less traveled by。 1 Lines⑫ from the poem The Road Not Taken are often quoted⑬ in speeches of all kinds.The poem has been set to music⑭ by a number of artists and used in numerous⑮television commercials⑯.It has in fact become one of the most famous American poems of all time⑰，not only because of its natural style，but also because of its thoughtful⑱ insights⑲ into human nature⑳. 2 When reading The Road Not Taken[3], one cannot help but see in one's mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside.Paths in the woods are often used to symbolize how our lives progress and change.The lines“Two roads diverged in a yellow wood，/And sorry I could not travel both ”give us a visual representation of the choices that we face and the decisions that we need to make.Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis.These range from the basic “What should I wear today ”to the key issues of what subject to study at university or what job to do after graduation.[4]Of course，the greatest dilemmasarise from moral problems，when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.[5] [3]画线部分为“when＋现在分词短语”作状语，为时间状语从句的省略形式。 [4]画线部分为由or连接的两个并列的“what＋不定式”结构作宾语。 [5]本句是主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句，其中包含一个which引导的宾语从句。 3 Whether big or small，what all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences[6]Once we make a decision，in most circumstances，there is no going back.Although the writer of the poem considers taking the other path another day，he knows it's unlikely that he will ever have the opportunity to do so.[7]Like the writer，all we can do is look backwards“with a sigh”and imagine what could have been.[8] [6]句中Whether big or small作状语，相当于Whether our choices are big or small；what引导主语从句，在从句中what作have的宾语；that引导表语从句。 [7]本句是主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；主句中包含it’s unlikely that...句型，表示“……不大可能”，it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。 [8]本句是主系表结构，表语是由and连接的两个省略to的不定式短语。主语all后跟的定语从句中含有动词do，故表语中的不定式符号to可省略。宾语从句what could have been作imagine的宾语。 4 This sigh，this wondering whether we made the right choice[9]，is understandable.Although we may be free to choose which path to take，this choice isn't easy when those two paths look similar.[10]Presented with two job offers，for instance，we may wonder exactly what it is we're choosing between.[11]What if，in choosing one，we are unknowingly turning down other future opportunities? Will we ever even find out whether we made the right choice? [9]画线部分为whether引导的宾语从句。 [10]本句是主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句，主句中when引导时间状语从句。 [11]本句中过去分词短语Presented with two job offers作状语；what引导宾语从句。 5 Ultimately，the road ahead—the road through our lives—is a mixture of choice and chance.And when we are approaching the end of that road，how will we remember the journey? How will we look back on our lives? In the poem，the writer doubts his choice，thinking that in the future“ages and ages hence”，he may claim that he took the“less traveled”road[12]．Some of us do take a more unusual path through life，and while it may be a harder one to follow，it can also lead to new adventures and experiences.[13]Nonetheless，part of the art of decision­making is learning to make the most of our decisions.Instead of looking back with regret，we should be facing our future with energy and optimism，for the choices are ours，and ours only. [12]画线部分为现在分词结构thinking...road作伴随状语，其中第一个that引导的宾语从句作thinking的宾语，第二个that引导的宾语从句作claim的宾语。 [13]本句是and连接的并列句，第二分句中包含一个while引导的让步状语从句。 未走之路 金色的树林中的有两条岔路， 可惜我不能沿着两条路行走； 我久久地站在那分岔的地方， 极目眺望其中一条路的尽头， 直到它转弯，消失在树林深处。 然后我毅然踏上了另一条路， 这条路也许更值得我向往， 因为它荒草丛生，人迹罕至； 不过说到其冷清与荒凉， 两条路几乎是一模一样。 那天早晨两条路都铺满落叶， 落叶上都没有被踩踏的痕迹。 哎，我把第一条留给将来！ 但我知道人世间阡陌纵横， 我不知将来能否再回到那里。 我将会一边叹息一边叙说， 在某个地方，在很久很久以后： 曾有两条小路在树林中分手， 我选了一条人迹稀少的行走， 结果后来的一切都截然不同。 1．诗中的诗句《未走的路》经常在各种演讲中被引用。这首诗被许多艺术家改编成音乐，并在许多电视广告中使用。事实上，它已经成为美国有史以来最著名的诗歌之一，不仅因为它的自然风格，而且因为它对人性的深刻见解。 2.读《未走的路》时，人们不禁会在脑海中看到乡村深处一片宁静的树林。树林里的小路经常被用来象征我们的生活是如何进步和改变的。“两条路在一片黄色的树林里分岔，很抱歉我不能同时走”这句话让我们直观地看到了我们面临的选择和我们需要做出的决定。生活每天都给我们带来许多选择。从基本的“我今天应该穿什么？”到大学学什么专业，毕业后做什么工作，这些都是关键问题。当然，最大的困境来自道德问题，当我们不确定哪种选择会导致做正确的事情时。 3．无论大小，我们所有的选择都有一个共同点，那就是它们会导致特定的后果。一旦我们做了决定，在大多数情况下，就没有回头路了。尽管这首诗的作者考虑改天走另一条路，但他知道他不太可能有机会这样做。像作家一样，我们所能做的就是“叹息”地回顾过去，想象可能发生的事情。 4．这种叹息，这种怀疑我们是否做出了正确的选择，是可以理解的。尽管我们可以自由选择走哪条路，但当这两条路看起来相似时，这种选择并不容易。举个例子，面对两份工作，我们可能想知道到底是什么让我们做出选择。如果在选择一个时，我们在不知不觉中拒绝了其他未来的机会呢？我们会发现我们是否做出了正确的选择吗？ 5．最终，我们的人生之路是选择和机遇的混合体。当我们接近那条路的尽头时，我们将如何记住这段旅程？我们将如何回顾我们的生活？在这首诗中，作者怀疑自己的选择，认为在未来的岁月里，他可能会声称自己走的是“少走”的道路。我们中的一些人确实在生活中走了一条更不寻常的路，虽然这条路可能更难走，但它也会带来新的冒险和经历。尽管如此，决策艺术的一部分是学会充分利用我们的决策。我们不应该遗憾地回顾过去，而应该充满活力和乐观地面对未来，因为选择是我们的，也是我们唯一的选择。 Ⅰ.Reading for main idea Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer. What's main idea of the passage? A．Face the future without regret. B．A famous poem. C．How to make a choice. D．How to enjoy a poem. 答案：A Ⅱ.Read for structure Part 1：Para.1 The popularity of the poem *It has in fact become one of 1.________________________ of all time. Part 2：Paras.2－4 The appreciation and interpretation of the poem *Life2._____________________________________________________________________. *Once we make a decision，in most circumstances,3._________________________________. Part 3：Para.5 How should we face our future? *Instead of looking back with regret，we should be 4.__________________________，for the choices are ours，and ours only. 答案：1.the most famous American poems 2．throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis　3.there is no going back　4.facing our future with energy and optimism Ⅲ.Read for the details Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1．What do the diverged roads symbolize in the poem? A．The roads in nature.　 B．The roads of life. C．Our progress. D．Our change. 2．What can’t we infer from the passage? A．The poem is a very noted American poem. B．There are many choices around us. C．Once we make a decision，it is impossible to go back. D．We shouldn't look back with regret. 3．According to the passage，what attitude should we have in the face of future? A．Optimistic. B．Pessimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Cautious. 答案：1－3　BCA Ⅳ.Post­reading 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 When reading The Road Not Taken, one cannot help but see in one's mind images of a __1__ (peace) wood deep within the countryside. Paths in the woods are often used __2__ (symbolize) how our lives progress and change. Life __3__(throw) many alternatives at us on a daily basis. Whether our choices are big __4__ small, they all cause specific consequences. Once we make a decision, in most __5__ (circumstance), there is no going back. Although the writer of the poem considers taking the other path another day, he knows it's unlikely that he will ever have the opportunity to do so. Like the writer, all we can do is look backwards “with a sigh” and imagine __6__ could have been. The road ahead－the road through our lives－is a mixture of __7__(choose) and chance.And when we are approaching the end of that road，how will we remember the journey？How will we look back on our lives？Some of us do take a more unusual path through life，and although it may be harder to follow，it can also lead __8__ new adventures and experiences.Nonetheless，part of the art of decision­making is learning to make __9__ most of our decisions.Instead of __10__(look) back with regret，we should be facing our future with energy and optimism for the choices are ours，and ours only. 答案：1.peaceful　2.to symbolize　3.throws　4.or　5.circumstances　6.what　7.choice　8.to 9．the　10.looking [重点单词] 1．complex adj.复杂的 2．diverge v．(两条路)岔开，分开 3．undergrowth n．(长在大树下或周边的)下木层，下层灌木丛 4．numerous adj.许多的，很多的 5．commercial n．(电视或电台的)商业广告 6．thoughtful adj.认真思考的；深思的 7．alternative n．可供选择的事物 8．dilemma n．进退两难的境地、困境 9．arise v．(由……)引起 10．circumstance n．情况，情形 11．refreshments n．茶点，点心和饮料 12．shift n．(工厂、医院等轮班制中的)当班时间 13．symbolize v．象征，代表→symbol n. 象征，代表；标志 14．mixture n．混合；混合体→mix v．(使)混合；调制；相协调 15．affection_n．喜爱，钟爱→affect v. 影响；使感动；(疾病)感染 16．qualified_ adj.合格的，胜任的→qualify v．(使)有资格/权利；达到标准→qualification n. 资格 17．fluency_n．熟练，流利→fluent adj. 流畅的；流利的→fluently adv.流利地，流畅地 18．sincerely adv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地→sincere adj. 真诚的，诚挚的 [重点短语] 1．as_for至于，关于 2．lead_on_to促使，促成 3．cannot_help_but_do_sth.忍不住(或无法抑制)做某事 4．on_a_daily_basis 每天 5．range_from...to...包括从……到……之间的各类事物 6．arise_from由……引起，因……产生 7．have...in_common 有相同的特征(或特点等) 8．turn_down拒绝 9．look_back_on回首(往事)，回忆，回顾 [经典句式] 1. 句式呈现 These range from the basic “What should I wear today? ”to the key issues of what subject to study at university or what job to do after graduation. 从基本的“我今天应该穿什么？”到大学学什么专业，毕业后做什么工作，这些都是关键问题。 句式分析 本句是主从复合句。句中what 引导宾语从句。 佳句仿写 They told Bernard what_they_wanted_to_do. 他们告诉Bernard他们想做的事情。 2. 句式呈现 Presented with two job offers，for instance，we may wonder exactly what it is we're choosing between. 举个例子，面对两份工作，我们可能想知道到底是什么让我们做出选择。 句式分析 本句是主从复合句。句中Presented with two job offers为过去分词短语作状语；what引导宾语从句。 佳句仿写 Seen_from_the_top，the stadium looks like a bird nest. 从上面看，体育场好像一个鸟巢。 [词汇精讲] 1．award n．奖，奖品；奖金；助学金vt.授予；判给；奖赏 (教材P8)．..and was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for his works. ……因其作品被授予国会金质奖章。 ◆[佳句感知] 　She's been awarded a scholarship to study in Oxford University. 她获得了在牛津大学念书的奖学金。 [知识积累] (1)win/receive/get an award for sth.因……而得奖 take up an award接受奖项 (2)award sth.to sb.＝award sb.sth.授予/判给某人某物 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①I often dream of performing on a wonderful stage and winning an award for my performance. ②The Nobel Prize in medicine of 2015 was awarded to Tu Youyou for her great contributions in treating malaria. (2)翻译句子 ③接受这个奖的时候，我是如此的激动以至于我热泪盈眶。 When_taking_up_the_award，I_was_so_excited_that_tears_welled_up_in_my_eyes. 2．alternative n．可供选择的事物 (教材P9)Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis. 生活每天都给我们带来许多选择。 ◆[佳句感知] 　Since you have accepted the job，you have no alternative but to do it well，however difficult it is. 既然你接受了这份工作，你别无选择，只能做好，不管它有多困难。 [知识积累] (1)have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to ……的替代品 (2)alternatively adv.可供选择地 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①In order to reduce pollution，we human beings have no alternative but to_choose(choose) some clean resources.For example，solar energy is an alternative to fossil fuel. ②I could come to your house，or alternatively(alternative)，we could meet in town. (2)词汇升级 ③Faced with COVID­19，we have no choice but to stay at home to alleviate the serious situation. →Faced with COVID­19，we have no alternative but to stay at home to alleviate the serious situation. 3．range vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化n.一系列；范围，界限；种类；山脉 (教材P9)These range from the basic“What should I wear today？”to the key issues of what subject to study at university or what job to do after graduation. 从基本的“我今天应该穿什么？”到大学学什么专业，毕业后做什么工作，这些都是关键问题。 ◆[佳句感知] 　Prices range from $119 to $199，depending on the particular function. 价格因具体功能而异，从119 美元至199美元不等。 [知识积累] (1)a full/wide range of...大范围的……，各种…… in/within the range of...在射程以内；在……范围内 beyond/out of range of...在射程外；在……范围外 (2)range from...to.../range between...and... 包括从……到……之间；在……到……之间变动 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①They held a wide range of activities to celebrate the harvest，ranging from setting off fireworks and firecrackers_to dressing up in costumes and marching in a parade. ②She puts the picture within/in the baby's range of vision. ③Prices of these toys range between $7 and $10，which is quite affordable for average families. (2)完成句子 ④(2021·新高考卷写作)Youth, which covers_a_wide_range_of_topics,_attracts senior school students, leading us into the outer world. 《青年报》涵盖了广泛的主题，吸引着高中生，带领我们了解外面的世界。 4．arise v．(由……)引起 (教材P9)Of course，the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems，when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing. 当然，最大的困境来自道德问题，当我们不确定哪种选择会导致做正确的事情时。 ◆[佳句感知] 　As we all know，emotional problems can arise from a physical cause. 众所周知，情感问题可能是由身体原因引起的。 [知识积累] arise from/out of 由……引起 辨析比较　arise，rise与raise 易混词 区别 例句 arise 不及物动词，意为“产生，出现”。通常以抽象名词做主语，一般表示事物和问题的产生和出现。 These changes arise from differences in climate and nature. 这些变化是由气候和自然的差异引起的。 rise 不及物动词，意为“上升；增加；上涨”。常用于日、月、云、雾、物价、河水等的上升、提高。 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 raise 及物动词，意为“举起；提高；饲养；募集”等。用于“提升”之意时，重在表达使物体达到应有高度之意，既用于具体物体，也用于抽象物体。 He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。 ◆[学以致用] (1)选择填空：arise，rise，raise ①She raised her eyes from the newspaper when he came in. ②The price is_rising now. ③The boss promised to raise her salary. ④Accidents often arise from carelessness. (2)完成句子 ⑤Some misunderstanding arose_between_me_and_my_best_friend，which made me quite upset. 我和我最好的朋友之间产生了一些误解，这让我很难过。 5．circumstance n．情况，情形 (教材P9)Once we make a decision，in most circumstances，there is no going back. 一旦我们做了决定，在大多数情况下，就没有回头路了。 ◆[佳句感知] 　He isn't a reliable man.In/Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 他不是一个可靠的人，你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。 [知识积累] under/in no circumstances绝不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装) if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许 under/in the circumstances在这种情况下 [名师点津]　以下表示否定意义的短语位于句首时，句子也要用部分倒装： at no time(在任何时候)都不/决不，on no condition(在任何条件下)都不/决不，by no means(通过任何方法)都不/决不。 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity，which is vital for my future development. ②If circumstances(circumstance) permit，I will go on talking about the crucial problem，which is difficult to cope with. (2)完成句子 ③Under_no_circumstances_will_I_give_up the objective of founding a company.As a consequence，if_circumstances_permit，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream. 我绝不放弃创办一家公司的目标，因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。 6．affection n．喜爱；钟爱 (教材P10)For example, the rose could represent love and affection and the rainbow could symbolise hope. 例如，玫瑰可以代表着爱和感情，而彩虹可以象征着希望。 ◆[佳句感知] 　His tone showed that he had a deep affection for his old friend. 他的语气表明，他对他的老朋友感情很深。 [知识积累] (1)have a great affection for ...非常喜欢 with affection 充满爱意地 (2)affect v．影响；感动；疾病；侵袭；使感染 be affected by受……的影响；被……感动 be affected with感染……疾病 (3)effect n．作用；影响 have an effect/influence on/upon对……产生影响 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①The flood affected_(affect) the area greatly，destroying houses and causing many deaths. ②Millions of people in the world have been affected with COVID­19. ③We were constantly affected by the stories of those who devoted their lives to fighting against COVID­19. ④More details about the murder have a bad effect(affect) on the whole society. (2)句式升级 ⑤We were deeply affected by the film and couldn't hold back tears. →Deeply_affected_by_the_film，we couldn't hold back tears.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) 7．qualified adj.合格的，胜任的 (教材P11)Match the headings to the sections and find out how qualified the applicant is for the job. 将标题和各部分匹配起来，判断申请人是否能胜任这项工作。 ◆[佳句感知] 　Among so many applicants，I believe that I am qualified for the job because I have firm determination. 我深信我能胜任这份工作，如果有幸得到这个职位，我将尽最大努力履行职责。 [知识积累] (1)be qualified for 符合……的条件 be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事 (2)qualify vi.&vt.(使)有资格，(使)有权力vi.合格，取得资格 qualify sb.to do...使某人有资格做…… qualify sb.for...使某人具备……资格 (3)qualification n．资格；资质；学历 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①He took all kinds of tests to prove he was well qualified_for_this important task. ②He is not yet an adult，so he isn't qualified to_vote(vote)． ③A victory in this game will earn them qualification(qualify) for the World Cup. (2)完成句子 ④I am greatly convinced that_I_am_qualified_for_this_job and I will perform my duties to the best of my ability if I am lucky enough to get the position. 我非常相信我有资格胜任这份工作，如果我足够幸运地得到这个职位，我将尽我所能地履行我的职责。 [经典句式] 1．句式提炼：not only...but also... (教材P9)It has in fact become one of the most famous American poems of all time，not only because of its natural style, but also because of its thoughtful insights into human nature. 事实上，它已经成为美国有史以来最著名的诗歌之一，不仅因为它的自然风格，而且因为它对人性的深刻见解。 [句式分析]　句中not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个并列成分。 ◆[佳句感知] 　By going to the English corner，not only can you improve your oral English but also you can make new friends. 通过去英语角，你不但可以提高英语口语而且可以交新朋友。 [知识积累] (1)not only与 but also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等。 (2)连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数要根据就近原则来确定。 (3)not only只能连用，而 but also 既可连用，也可分开用，also 也可省略。 (4)not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构，but(also)后接的分句是正常语序。 (5)not only...but also...不能用在否定句中。 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory. ②Not only the students but also the teacher was/is(be) against the plan. ③Not only does the sun give(give) us light but also it gives us heat. (2)翻译句子 ④这次爱心义卖活动不仅吸引了大量的学生，而且许多老师也积极参加。(not only...but also的倒装) Not_only_did_the_charity_sale_appeal_to_many_students_but_also_many_teachers_took_an_active_part_in_it. 2．句式提炼：状语从句的省略 (教材P9)When reading The Road Not Taken, onecannot help but see in one's mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside. 读《未走的路》时，人们不禁会在脑海中看到乡村深处一片宁静的树林。 [句式分析]　“When reading The Road Not Taken”是时间状语从句的省略形式，其完全形式为：When one is reading The Road Not Taken。 ◆[佳句感知] 　Work hard when (you are) young，or you'll regret. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 [知识积累] 状语从句的省略 (1)一般来说，省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中： ①由 when，while，as，before，after，till，until，once 等引导的时间状语从句； ②由 if，unless，as long as 等引导的条件状语从句； ③由 though，although，even if，whatever 等引导的让步状语从句； ④由“as...as...”，“比较级＋than”等引导的比较状语从句； ⑤由 as，as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句。 (2)上述状语从句在省略时，并非任何成分都可省略，而是遵循以下原则： ①当从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句中含有 be 动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和 be 动词，这时从句中可以出现如下结构： 连词＋名词/形容词/介词短语(连词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式) ②当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句的主语是it且从句中含有 be动词的某种形式时，可以把 it和be动词一起省略。 [名师点津]　对状语从句省略的考查主要是让学生判断连词后面用哪种非谓语形式，解这类题的关键是要弄清楚从句中的动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。如果是主谓关系通常用现在分词，如果是动宾关系通常用过去分词。 ◆[学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Harriet stowe，mother of six，wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking(cook)． ②When faced(face) with the difficulties and failures，I must overcome them. (2)句式升级 ③While she was walking along the river bank，she was singing a pop song. →While_walking_along_the_river_bank，she was singing a pop song. [基础检测] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．This project involves a lot of complex(复杂的) technical problems. 2．He came to symbolize(象征) his country's struggle for independence. 3．She tried to ensure her affection(喜爱) was equally shared among all three children. 4．Silences may be thoughtful(考虑周全的), or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. 5．We are very sad to have to do this, but there is no other_alternative(可供选择的事物) now. 6．He was faced with the_dilemma(窘境) of whether or not to return to his country. 7．While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise(引起，产生)． 8．Under such circumstances(情况，情形), smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its_mixture(mix)of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素)． 2．Crossing your arms makes you more determined and lying down can bring more insights(insight)． 3．I have no alternative but_to_turn(turn) to you for help. 4．I believe she's extremely well qualified(qualify) for the job. 5．As a consequence of his carelessness, he failed the exam again. 6．I think it is generally(general) misunderstood as a call for facing the future without regret. 7．I'm writing to you to sincerely(sincere) invite you to join our club. 8．The new “white bike” is not actually white but is an unusual_(usual) design with bright colours. 9．The symbolism(symbolize) of every gesture will be of vital importance during the short state visit. 10．His son was praised for speeches of remarkable_fluency(fluent)． Ⅲ.选词填空 apply for，arise from，turn down，on a daily basis，under no circumstances，result in，look back on，make the most of 1．The new year is around the corner，so it is time for us to look_back_on the past days and make plans to improve ourselves. 2．Emotional or mental problems can arise_from a physical cause. 3．I wish to apply_for_the position of a volunteer as advertised in China Daily on 30 June. 4．Students are encouraged to make_the_most_of their spare time to participate in social practice. 5．Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results_in big benefits. 6．Under_no_circumstances_should you lend Paul any money. 7．His proposal was turned_down at the meeting, which made him very disappointed. 8．Unhealthy dirt and bacteria can build up in a bucket if it is not cleaned_on_a_daily_basis. Ⅳ.组句成篇微表达 1．众所周知，我们所做的选择会影响我们的未来。 ______________ to us all that the choices ____________________ our future. 2．毕竟，这是显而易见的。 ________________，it is obvious. 3．因为你做的几乎所有的选择，即使是很小的选择，都会影响你的性格。 Because nearly all the choices you make，________________________，affect your character. 4．你的性格是通过你的选择表现出来的，但也是由你的选择形成的。 Your choices ________________________，but they ________________ your character. 5．当你做选择时，要时刻练习塑造你的性格。 At every moment，________________________ your character when you make your choices. 6．你的选择很小。 Your choices ________________________. 7．你的选择塑造了你的性格，你的性格决定你的未来。 Your choices ________ your character，and your character ________________________. 答案：1.As is known；we make affect　2.After all　3.even the small ones　4.display your character；also form　5.practise forming　6.are very small 7．form；determines your future 组句成篇 提示： 1．将句3改为表语从句，表语从句的主语由This引导。 2．将句4改为被动语态。 3．用no matter how 合并句5和句6。适当增加过渡词。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 组句成篇 As is known to us all that the choices we make affect our future.After all，it is obvious.This is because nearly all the choices you make，even the small ones，affect your character.Your character is displayed through your choices, but it is also formed by them. At every moment，practise forming your character when you make your choices，no matter how small they are.Remember：your choices form your character，and your character determines your future. [能力提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 It's hard to say which was in worse shape：the run­down, century­old gallery or the cancer­ridden(患有癌症的)56­year­old man sitting on its old steps.For years, Greg Thomas would sit on those very steps and think of the times when he walked his dogs along the country roads in rural Minnesota.But in May 2009, he learned that the severe headaches, earaches, and jaw aches that he had suffered from for the past year were due to inoperable head and neck cancer.Doctors told Greg's family to be prepared to plan his funeral. “I was sitting at the gallery and thinking one evening, ”Greg said.“ I kept looking at the building and the shape it was in.I said, ‘Before I leave this earth, I'd like to do something for you.’” Greg decided to fix the peeling paint and the leaking(渗漏的)roof, and the damaged steps and so on.He approached the gallery's association with a deal : He would completely repair the building on one condition：“I get a key to the front door so I can go in anytime I want to appreciate the paintings.” The more he worked on the gallery, the better he felt.As Greg continued fixing the gallery, medical scans told him some startling_news：His tumors were reducing.Four years and 23 days after Greg's diagnosis, his doctors were able to remove his feeding tube.Today Greg's tumors are gone.He is considered officially recovered and no longer needs follow­up tests. After five years of Greg's labor and love, the gallery has been restored(恢复)to its former glory.Greg finished his main project last summer, but he will probably always be involved in recovering its beauty (he still wants to replace some windows, for example)．Greg held his third annual open house there near Christmas, inviting the entire community.“While I was restoring the gallery, ” Greg says, “something was restoring me.” 1．What was Greg's plan that evening? A．To rent the building. B．To repair the gallery. C．To hold an exhibition. D．To study the paintings. 2．When Greg was doing his work, he _______. A．stopped his medical treatment B．received a large donation C．got his health improved D．prepared his funeral 3．What does the underlined word “startling”in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Misleading.　　　　 B．Disappointing. C．Confusing. D．Surprising. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Work and Love Pay. B．Seniors Need More Attention. C．Cancer Research Progresses Quickly. D．Cultural Relics Lack Proper Protection. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Greg身患癌症，但他勤于工作，致力于修复画廊，他乐观，对生活充满爱，结果五年后肿瘤消失。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中Greg decided to fix the peeling paint and the leaking(渗漏的)roof, and the damaged steps and so on.“Greg决定修理剥落的油漆和漏水的屋顶，以及损坏的台阶等等。”由此可知，那天晚上Greg修复画廊。故选B。] 2．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段第一句The more he worked on the gallery, the better he felt.“他在画廊里干得越多，就越觉得舒服。”由此可知，Greg工作的时候，他的身体得到了改善。故选C。] 3．D　[词义猜测题。根据第四段中His tumors were reducing.Four years and 23 days after Greg's diagnosis, his doctors were able to remove his feeding tube.Today Greg's tumors are gone.He is considered officially recovered and no longer needs follow­up tests.“他的肿瘤在缩小。格雷格被确诊后的4年零23天，他的医生成功地取出了他的喂食管。今天，格雷格的肿瘤不见了。他被认为已经正式康复，不再需要后续测试。”可知，肿瘤没有了。这是一个“令人惊讶的”消息。由此推知划线词的意思是“令人惊讶的”。故选D。] 4．A　[标题归纳题。根据最后一段中After five years of Greg's labor and love, the gallery has been restored(恢复)to its former glory.“经过Greg五年的辛勤工作和热爱，这个画廊已经恢复了往日的辉煌。”和“While I was restoring the gallery, ” Greg says, “something was restoring me.” “当我修复画廊的时候，”Greg说，“有些东西在修复我。”可知，Greg虽然身患癌症，但他辛勤工作，致力于修复画廊，结果自己的肿瘤没有了。由此推知，A项Work and love pay为最佳标题。故选A。] Ⅱ.语法填空 You would not have wanted to experience___1___ Peggy Whitson experienced on April, 19, 2008.During her return from the International Space Station, the spaceship she was lying aboard ___2___(fail) to separate fully from a propulsion module(推进舱)．The dead ___3___ (weigh) hanging from the ship caused it to fall into the atmosphere at a too­fast angle, which was likely to burn the crew before they reached the ground.Finally, the module separated, and the crew ___4___(safe) landed.However, the next chance she got, she went back to space, without ___5___ (frighten) by the danger. Whiston served in ___6___ number of scientific roles before becoming an astronaut.Over the course of 15 years, Whitson, who retired from NASA in 2018, completed three missions to the station.She stayed more time in space than any other American astronaut; walked in space 10 times, for a total ___7___ 60 hours and 21 minutes; became the first woman ___8___(command) the station, in 2008, then did it again in 2017.She leaves NASA a ___9___(good) and more storied place than she found it.Other women and men may break some of her ___10___(record); her firsts will always be hers. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了女宇航员Peggy Whitson的航天遇险经历，以及她的个人成就。 1．what　[考查名词性从句。句意：你不会想经历Peggy Whitson 2018年4月19日经历的事情。分析句子可知，空白处作experience的宾语，引导宾语从句，在从句中作experienced的宾语，是个双重成分，用what。故填what。] 2．failed　[考查动词的时态。句意：在她从国际空间站回来的时候，她所在的飞船没能成功从推进舱完全分离出来。分析句子可知，fail作句子的谓语；句子陈述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态。故填failed。] 3．weight　[考查名词。dead是形容词，修饰名词；weigh的名词形式是weight。故填weight。] 4．safely　[考查副词。句意：最终，推进舱分离，机组人员安全着陆。landed是动词，应该用副词修饰；safe的副词是safely。故填safely。] 5．being frightened　[考查非谓语动词。frighten与逻辑主语she之间是被动关系，用be done形式；without是介词，后接doing形式，故填being frightened。] 6．a　[考查冠词。句意：成为宇航员前，Whiston担任过许多科学职务。a number of意为“许多、大量”，是固定搭配。故填a。] 7．of　[考查介词。句意：她比其他宇航员在太空里的时间更长，进入太空10次，总时长达60小时21分。a total of意为“总共、总数为”，是固定搭配。故填of。] 8．to command　[考查非谓语动词。句意：2008年，她成为第一个指挥空间站的女性。“the＋序数词＋to do”表第几次做某事。故填to command。] 9．better　[考查形容词比较级。and连接两个并列的成分，后面的more storied是用的比较级，前面good也应该用比较级；good的比较级是better。故填better。] 10．records　[考查名词的单复数。句意：另一些女性和男性可能打破了她的一些记录。record做“记录”讲时是可数名词；some of后接可数名词复数。故填records。] Ⅲ.写作 假设你是新华中学的学生李华，在防控新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情之际，你学校旁边的留学生服务中心正在招募抗疫志愿者。请你给留学生服务中心工作人员写一封应聘信。 内容包括： 1．写信目的； 2．个人优势； 3．能做的事情。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：新型冠状病毒肺炎：COVID­19； 垃圾箱：trash bin Dear Sir or Madam， Thank you for reading my letter._________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua [参考范文] Dear_Sir_or_Madam， Thank_you_for_reading_my_letter.I'm Li Hua from Xinhua Middle School.Since COVID­19 has transmitted all over China, I'd like very much to be a volunteer. All our citizens are looking forward to playing a part in fighting against the virus, so am I．Here are some things I can do.Firstly, I'm willing to help take the oversea students' temperature and urge them to wear their masks properly at the entrance of our service center.What's more, I have a good command of English so that it's easy for me to teach them how to wash hands correctly and put the used masks in the special trash bins. To sum up, I believe I can be a qualified volunteer.I will try my best if I'm accepted. Yours， Li_Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $