Unit 3 写作表达升格——议论文-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦议论文写作核心知识点，系统梳理文体特点（论题、论点、论据、论证、结论）、结构特点（引言段阐释主题、主体段阐述论据、结论段总结观点）及知识储备（提出问题、分析利弊、解决问题的常用句型），通过典题指导（审题谋篇、佳作展示）与学以致用（实践任务）构建从理论到实践的完整学习支架。 该资料特色在于理论与实践深度融合，典题指导以“家长逼孩子学兴趣班”现象为例，展示审题、谋篇及范文点评，助力学生掌握议论文逻辑结构，提升语言能力（丰富过渡表达与句型运用）和思维品质（分析问题、逻辑论证）。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后学生可通过范文参考与练习巩固写作方法，查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力。

议论文 [素养提升] 一、文体特点 议论文是以议论为主要表达方式，运用一定的材料通过一定的论证方法来表明自己的立场、观点或态度的文体。议论文一般由论题、论点、论据、论证和结论构成。在议论文中，作者先就论题(某一问题或现象)提出论点，然后辅之以相关的论据，并在此基础上进行论证，以使读者同意自己的看法，最终得出结论。行文中适当地运用过渡性表达可以表现出文章的逻辑性。 二、结构特点 表达观点类文章通常分为三段，首先提出某一现象或问题，然后描述这一现象或问题产生的原因及影响，最后提出自己的观点并给出解决办法。 引言段：简单阐释要讨论的主题。 主体段：一般可提出两、三个论据，并分别进行阐述。 结论段：往往用几句话提出自己的看法、意见或建议，从而结束文章。要注意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话。 三、知识储备 (1)提出问题 As society develops，people are attaching much importance to... 随着社会的发展，人们越来越重视…… Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern.Some people are in alarm that... 最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注。有人担心…… There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of...Some argue/ho1d that...，but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue. 如今，……问题引起了广泛的讨论。有些人认为……但其他人则对此问题持完全相反的观点。 (2)分析利弊 In my opinion，both sides are partly right.When we..., we should take into consideration all aspects of the problem，and then make the right decision. 在我看来，双方在某种程度上都是正确的。当我们……时，我们应该考虑问题的各个方面，然后做出正确的决定。 It is difficult to say whether...is good or not in general，as it depends very much on the situation of...However，from a personal point of view I find... 通常很难说……是好还是不好，因为这在很大程度上取决于……然而，从我个人的角度来看，我认为…… (3)解决问题 It is high time that...Here are some of the measures that might be taken immediately. 是时候……了。下面是一些可以立即采取的措施。 The most effective means to solve this problem is that... In that case... 解决这个问题最有效的方法是……在那种情况下，…… As a result, we should take some effective methods to... 因此，我们应该采取一些有效的方法来…… In a word，the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of...Only in this way can...in the future. 总之，全社会都应该密切关注……的问题。只有这样 未来才能…… There is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of... 毫无疑问，必须特别注意……的问题。 [典题指导] ►[写作任务] 虽然培养孩子的兴趣爱好是非常必要的，但现在有很多家长一味地追求使子女多才多艺，迫使孩子学习他们不感兴趣的东西。请你就此现象谈谈自己的看法，内容包括： 1．你是否赞同上述家长的做法； 2．以你或你朋友的经历说明你的观点； 3．呼吁家长们要尊重孩子的意愿。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ►[审题谋篇] 1．认真审题，准确定位 体裁：议论文 人称：第一人称为主 时态：一般现在时 2．谋篇布局，构思文章 全文可按照“总—分—总”的结构来写。 (1)首段阐释要讨论的主题。 (2)第二段阐述自己的观点，并结合具体例子证明自己的观点。 (3)第三段总结全文，呼吁家长们要尊重孩子的意愿。 [佳作展示] Today's children are lucky to have many opportunities to develop their talents. But on the other hand, a lot of parents push their children too hard. In that case, I don't envy them. It is true that good hobbies make life more colorful and enjoyable.　 [1] However, things are different if children take no interest in the “hobby” that their parents choose for them　 [2]. Without interest as motivation, they find it a burden rather than a hobby. My 6yearold neighbor always cries while playing the piano　 [3]. She is busier on weekends than on weekdays because she has to attend many extracurricular activities. Therefore, parents should see the bad effects of their overeffort to cultivate children's hobbies. Parents are supposed to help children learn what they are interested in. Only in this way can they learn well and be happy！　 [4] [名师点评] 本文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯。 [1]本句中 It 是形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语。 [2]此处是that 引导的定语从句。 [3]此处是状语从句的省略结构，省略了主语和be动词。 [4]本句使用了部分倒装结构。 [学以致用] 近年来，由于海洋污染和过度捕捞，鱼的数量和种类在急剧减少。请就该现象写一篇英语短文，给学校英语广播站投稿。内容要点如下： 1.海洋渔业资源的现状； 2.分析现状出现的原因； 3.提出解决问题的方法。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [参考范文] In recent years, fishing resources in the ocean have been faced with a severe situation with the quantity of fish and their species dropping sharply. In my opinion, it is human behaviour that is to blame. Industrial and agricultural waste such as chemicals and oil is poured into the ocean. What's more, overfishing destroys the balance of life in the ocean. To handle this situation, laws should be made to punish those who violate the law and cause pollution. Besides, some fishermen may take other jobs so that there are less people living on fishing. Only with these measures taken can we eventually preserve fishing resources. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $