Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语“词汇精讲”与“动词不定式语法”核心知识点，系统梳理profession、mixture等词汇的释义、拓展及应用，同步构建动词不定式从基本概念、时态语态到句法功能（作主语、表语等）的递进式学习支架。 资料通过“归纳拓展+即学即练”强化词汇运用（语言能力），借助“自我探究+思维导图”深化语法理解（思维品质），随堂练习助力学生巩固提升（学习能力）。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后便于学生自主查漏补缺，实现语言知识与技能的协同发展。

Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language [词汇精讲] 1．(教材P28)Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything in return. 亨利·诺尔曼·白求恩将他的一生和职业生涯用于帮助人们而不求回报。 profession n．[C]职业，行业 [归纳拓展] ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①She was at the very top of 　her profession　. 她是她那个行业中的佼佼者。 ②Harold is a teacher 　by profession　 but he also writes some novels in his spare time. 哈罗德的职业是教师，但他空闲时候也写些小说。 ③If it's a legal matter, you need to seek 　professional advice　. 如果这属于法律问题，你就需要寻求专业意见了。 ④He is 　a model professional　 and an example to young people. 他是一个模范的专业人员，是年轻人的榜样。 [语法填空] ⑤Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees' 　professional　 (profession) development. 2．(教材P28)Reaching out across the sea is often a mixture of danger and boredom. 横渡大洋充满了危险和无聊。 mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物 ◆[佳句感知] The story is a magical mixture of fantasy and reality. 这个故事是幻想与现实的奇妙结合。 [归纳拓展] ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①Dashan, who has been learning crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to 　mix it up with　 the Western standup tradition. 相声是中国的传统喜剧形式，大山已经在中国学习了几十年的相声，他想把西方传统的脱口秀和相声融合到一起。 ②In his job, he 　mixes with　 all sorts of people. 他在工作中与各种人打交道。 ③　My emotions were mixed　 as I said goodbye to him. 向他告别时，我心情很复杂。 [语法填空] ④The city was a 　mixture　 (mix) of old and new buildings. ⑤I came home from the meeting with 　mixed　(mix) feelings. 3．(教材P28)Zac had to find his way through heavy storms and get by on little sleep on his journey. 扎克不得不在狂风暴雨之中找路，途中靠着少量的睡眠勉强生存。 get by　(1)(为不及物短语动词)(靠……)维持生计，设法过活，勉强应付。后常跟介词on/in/with 等。 (2)走过去，通过 ◆[佳句感知] The determined boy manages to get by on 6 hours' sleep. 这位意志坚强的小男孩，每天只睡6个小时。 [归纳拓展] get构成的其他短语： ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①I rang you several times but couldn't 　get through　 (打通)． ②Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright (剧作家) hopes to 　get across　(传达) through dialogue and action. ③He helped me 　get over some of my fears　 (克服我的一些恐惧)． ④Most of us have one or a few bad habits that we'd like to 　get out of 　 (戒除)． ⑤If you are always rushing at your study, it is difficult for you to 　get through the exam　(顺利通过这次考试)． 4．(教材P28)Just go for it! 努力争取吧！ go for　(1)(及物短语动词)努力争取某事物；选择某物(2)去带回某人，去取回某物 (3)适用于某人/某物 ◆[佳句感知] It sounds a great idea. Go for it! 这听起来是个极好的主意。努力去实现吧！ [归纳拓展] 与go相关的其他短语： ◆[即学即练] [判断下列句子中go for的含义] ①(2019·全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解改编)If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for　 the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers — 17 in this example.　选择某物　 ②—I'm thinking of going back to school to get another degree. —Sounds great! Go for　 it.　努力争取某物　 ③Close the doors and lock them when you go out. The same goes for　 windows.　适用于某事物　 [完成句子] ④As you 　go through this book　 (翻阅这本书)，you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. ⑤—Could I use this dictionary? —Just 　go ahead　(用吧)．It's a spare one. 5．(教材P29)The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work. 人群起立为科学家们重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。 applaud vt.&vi. 鼓掌 vt. 称赞；赞赏 ◆[佳句感知] The audience warmly applauded the excellent performance. 观众们对精彩演出报以热烈的掌声。 [归纳拓展] ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①The audience 　applauded the singer　 for three minutes. 观众为这位歌唱家鼓掌了三分钟。 ②I 　applaud her for having　 the courage to refuse. 我赞赏她敢于拒绝。 [语法填空] ③The performance was so good that the 　applause　(applaud) didn't die down until there was an encore(返场加演节目)． [句式精析] Far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King. 海王生活在遥远的海洋，那里的海水清澈如镜。 [句式分析] as...as 比较结构 基本句型结构：主语＋系动词＋as＋adj.＋as... 主语＋行为动词＋as＋adv.＋as... 用于否定句表示“与……不一样”，可用 not as... as或not so...as. Jack is as clever as Tom. 杰克和汤姆一样聪明。 The player plays football as well as, if not better than, the football star. 这位球员即便不比那位球星踢得更好，也和他踢得一样好。 [温馨提示] ①两个as之间要用形容词或副词的原级，用形容词还是副词取决于as/so 前面是系动词还是行为动词。 ②在比较状语从句中通常把和主句重复的部分(多为系动词和表语)省略；如果主句是行为动词，从句用do的正确形式代替即可。若省略了后面的动词，主语可用主格也可用宾格。 He is as tall as I (am) ＝He is as tall as me. 他和我一样高。 ③用as...as表达某物是另一物的几倍时，需先说倍数，即“主语＋系动词＋倍数(twice, three times...)＋as...as...”。 Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large as that of theirs. 十年前我们村子的人口数量是他们的两倍。 ④as... as one can/could＝as... as possible，表示“尽可能……”。 Please reply as soon as you can. ＝Please reply as soon as possible. 请尽快回复。 ⑤形容词修饰单数名词时，其语序为：as/so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as＝such a/an ＋adj.＋n.＋as。 I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life (＝such a long and healthy life) as I have. 我的确希望这样，因为我想要你像我一样健康长寿。 ◆[即学即练] [翻译句子] ①他和别人一样努力学习。 　He works/studies as hard as others (do)．　 ②这条河没有那条河长。 　This river is not as/so long as that one.　 ③You have to search for as many opportunities as possible to practise listening. 　你必须寻找尽可能多的机会来练习听力。　 ④Some fish produce sounds almost twice as loud as your speaking voice. 　有些鱼发出的声音几乎是你说话声音的两倍。 动词不定式 自我探究 总结归纳 To climb up the mountain is easy. 在句中作主语 His ambition is to become an actor. 在句中作表语 China hopes to promote ties with Angola to a new stage. (China Daily) 在句中作宾语 The doctor advised me to stop smoking. 在句中作宾语补足语 There are many interesting things to see. 在句中作定语 The girl was lucky enough to get the good job. 在句中作状语(结果) I write down the numbers in order not to forget them. 在句中作状语(目的) I'm sorry to hear the bad news. 在句中作状语(原因) Where to go hasn't been decided. 带疑问词的不定式短语作主语 [基本概念] 动词不定式(to＋动词原形)是非谓语动词的一种形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。不定式不受主语人称和谓语动词时态变化的影响。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。 [思维导图] [语法精析] 一、时态和语态 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。具体形式如下表所示(以do为例)： 　　　语态 时态　　　　 　 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 二、句法功能 动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等多种成分。 1．作主语 (1)动词不定式作主语时，在很多情况下都可以用v.ing替代，但表示某些具体情况，或表示较强烈的对比，或在某些固定说法中时，通常不用v.ing替代。 (2)动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 (3)若动词不定式太长，则往往用it代替动词不定式作形式主语，不定式移至句末，以使句子结构平衡。 To err is human. 金无足赤，人无完人。/人非圣贤，孰能无过。 To finish this job in one day is impossible. 要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。(表示具体的情况) It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter. 冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。 ►[学以致用] [语法填空] 1．No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better 　to remain　(remain) silent. [完成句子] 2．　To play with fire 　 (玩火) is dangerous. 2．作表语 动词不定式置于be动词后面作表语时，常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用，其主语常常是dream, wish, idea, plan, task, purpose, duty, job 等表示意向、打算、职责等意义的词。 His dream is to become an astronaut. 他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。 My main task is to get this company running smoothly. 我的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。 ►[学以致用] [语法填空] 3．(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is 　to open　(open) a cafe. [完成句子] 4．My dream 　is to start my own IT company　(开办我自己的IT公司)． 3．作宾语 (1)有些动词后常跟不定式(而不跟v.ing)作宾语，如decide, afford, agree, attempt, choose, determine, demand, expect, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse 等。 Tina's decided to go to Rome for her holidays. 蒂娜已决定去罗马度假。 My dad has offered to pick us up. 我爸爸主动提出开车来接我们。 I can't afford to take flying lessons. 我付不起飞行驾驶课程的费用。 She failed to pass her driving test. 她未能通过驾照考试。 (2)用于“动词＋it＋adj./n.＋动词不定式”结构中，其中it 为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。能用于该结构的动词有feel, find, think, believe, consider, make 等。 I find it pleasant to work with him. 我发现跟他一块儿工作挺愉快的。 I think it useful to learn a foreign language. 我认为学一门外语是有用的。 ►[学以致用] [语法填空] 5．New technologies have made it possible 　to turn　(turn) out new products faster and at a lower cost. 6．The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult 　to tell　 (tell) one from the other. 4．作定语 动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。 (1)动词不定式作定语的几种情况： ①序数词、形容词最高级或the last/the only/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。 He is the best man to do the job. 他是做这项工作的最佳人选。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个走。 ②抽象名词time, way, reason, chance, opportunity, ability, promise, attempt 等后常用动词不定式作定语。 Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand, even more so. 对于学习来说，兴趣同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。 He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow. 他许诺明天按时来这儿。 ③something, nothing, anything 等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。 Do you have anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗？ ④动词不定式作定语可表示将来的、还没发生的动作。 He said he had an important meeting to attend. 他说他有一个重要的会议要参加。 There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long to stay on the moon. 在我们准备好长时间停留在月球上之前，还有许多问题要解决。 ⑤在there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接动词不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或被动式均可，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 There is nothing to worry/to be worried about. 没什么可担心的。 (2)动词不定式中的动词与被修饰词之间的关系 ①动宾关系 当动词不定式中的动词与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，动词不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，这取决于动词不定式所表示的动作是否是由句子的主语发出的。试比较： Do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？(动词不定式to send所表示的动作的执行者是主语“you”) ②主谓关系 动词不定式中的动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，是指被修饰词是动词不定式中的动词的逻辑主语。此时的动词不定式相当于关系代词作主语的定语从句。 We need someone to help with the work. ＝We need someone that can help with the work. 我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。 In our school she is the only student to attend the important meeting.＝In our school she is the only student that is to attend the important meeting. 她是我们学校唯一一名要去参加这次重要会议的学生。 ►[学以致用] [语法填空] 7．Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 　to change　 (change) lives. 8．(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)This small group bike tour is a fantastic way 　to see　 (see) the worldfamous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D．C. 9．Volunteering gives you a chance 　to change　 (change) lives, including your own. 10．The airport 　to be completed　 (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 5．作状语 动词不定式可用作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。 (1)作目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语时，其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，一般放在句子后部，表示强调，也可位于句首；其前可加in order和so as，但加so as时不能放在句首。 I came here to say goodbye to you. 我来这儿是为了向你告别。 He ran fast all the way so as to/in order to catch the first bus. 他一路快速奔跑以便赶上第一班公共汽车。 In order to pass the exam，he studied hard till midnight. 为了通过考试，他努力学习到半夜。 (2)作原因状语 动词不定式常跟在作表语的形容词和过去分词之后，用来说明产生某种情绪或作出某种评价的原因。此类词有happy，lucky，surprised，sorry，glad，delighted，eager，anxious，ready，foolish，interested，careless等。 We're quite glad to meet you here. 我们很高兴在这儿见到你。 They were very surprised to be informed of the news. 被告知这个消息他们很吃惊。 You were careless to leave your bike unlocked. 放下自行车不锁，你真粗心。 (3)作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语时往往表示意想不到的或是不愉快的结果。其前有时可以加上only以加强语气。 He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. 他到了车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。 ►[学以致用] [语法填空] 11．(2020·天津卷)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection 　to promote　 (promote) economic growth. 12．(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)You don't have to run fast or for long 　to see　 (see) the benefit. [完成句子] 13．Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only 　to find it didn't fit　 (结果发现它不合适) . 6．作补语 (1)ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, warn, order, encourage, prefer, expect, force, wish, beg 等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。 My teacher encouraged me to study abroad. 我的老师鼓励我出国留学。 Her parents don't allow her to go out at night. 她父母不允许她晚上出去。 (2)believe，consider，declare，find，imagine，prove，suppose，think等表示意见、认可、判断、料想、声明等意义的动词后的宾语补足语常是“to be”或“to have been”形式。 The answer proved to be wrong. 结果表明这个答案是错的。 I believe him to be honest. 我相信他是诚实的。 They found him to be charming. 他们觉得他很有魅力。 I judged him to have been a teacher. 我判断他曾是一位教师。 ►[学以致用] [完成句子] 14．The father doesn't allow his son 　to play near the river　(在河边玩耍)． 15．I persuaded him 　not to go to the dangerous area　(不去那个危险的地方)． 16．He asked me 　to make a speech about the importance　(有关……重要性的演讲) of learning a foreign language. Ⅰ.单句写作 1．他主动提出载我回家，但我拒绝了。 　He offered to drive me home, but I refused.　 2．我保证信守诺言，否则我宁愿死掉。 　I promise to keep my word, or I'd rather die.　 3．父母到家的时候，他假装在睡觉。 　He pretended to be sleeping when his parents arrived home　. 4．我发现和她很容易相处。(it作形式宾语) 　I find it quite easy to get along with her　. 5．除了惹他生气外，这没产生任何效果。 　It had no effect except/but to make him angry.　 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．It was kind of you 　to give　 (give) me a helping hand. 2．To do that would be 　to cut　 (cut) the foot to fit the shoe. 3．Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 　to stay　 (stay) and watch. 4．He didn't like his intention 　to be laughed　 (laugh) at. 5．If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades 　to come　 (come) , water shortage will become a hot issue all over the world. 6．Jordan was the second player 　to score　(score) more than 3,000 points in a season. 7．The meeting 　to be held　 (hold) tomorrow is very important. 8．The boy was very pleased 　to see　 (see) his parents. 9．Many parents don't take their kids' interests and ages into consideration, only 　to find　 (find) “More haste, less speed ”—their kids' curiosity is being killed. 10．Tom was proud 　to be chosen　(choose) as captain of our school football team. Ⅲ.语法填空，并写出其功能 To live is 1.　 　(learn). I love China and I'm happy 2.　 　 (see) China developing so fast. 3. 　 　 (study) Chinese well, I decided 4.　 　(go) to China last year, only 5.　 　 (find) living in China is more secure. Guns are forbidden 6.　 　(hold) by people, making gunshot cases rarely seen. Compared to many other countries, it is safer 7.　 　(walk) in the street at night in China as there are monitors almost everywhere and the police are always the first 8.　 　(show) up to protect you. I advise you 9.　 　 (visit) the great country 10.　 　 (feel) its charm one day. 1．to learn　[动词不定式作表语。] 2．to see　[动词不定式作原因状语。] 3．To study　[动词不定式作目的状语。] 4．to go　[动词不定式作宾语。] 5．to find　[动词不定式作结果状语。] 6．to be held　[动词不定式的被动形式作主语补足语。] 7．to walk 　[it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。] 8．to show 　[动词不定式作定语。] 9．to visit 　[动词不定式作宾语补足语。] 10．to feel 　[动词不定式作目的状语。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $