Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word（人教版）

Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language [词汇精讲] 1．(教材P4)We should be aware of this and not spread unkind news around. 我们应该意识到这一点，不应四处散布不友好的消息。 be aware of 明白，知道，意识到；察觉到 ◆[佳句感知] She's well aware of her strengths and weaknesses as an artist. 她很清楚自己作为艺术家的优点和缺点。 [归纳拓展] make sb. aware of 使某人意识到 be/become aware that...知道……，意识到…… as far as I'm aware(＝as far as I know) 据我所知 unaware adj.不知道；未察觉 be unaware of...不知道……，没意识到…… awareness n．[U，sing.]意识，知道 raise awareness of sth. 提高对某事物的意识 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①As soon as I saw a large crowd at the street corner, I 　was/became aware that　(意识到)something unusual happened. ②　As far as I'm aware/ As far as I know　(据我所知)，no proper investigation has ever been carried out into the subject. ③If humans have no 　awareness of protection　 (保护的意识)，natural resources will run out soon. [语法填空] ④The dog suddenly started barking as if aware 　of　 the stranger's approach. ⑤The threemonth, 1,900mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet's way of raising 　awareness　 (aware) of food waste in Europe and throughout the world. ⑥Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being 　unaware　 (aware) of what is happening around them. 2．(教材P4)Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise. 无论是谁被指控犯了罪，都应该被假定为无罪，直到(他)被证明有罪。 charge vt.& vi. 控告，指控；收费，要价；充电 n．控告，指控；要价，收费；掌管，负责 ◆[佳句感知] The newspaper charged her with using the company's money for her own purposes. 这家报社指控她将公司的钱挪作私用。 Tickets were very expensive. They charged sixty dollars for each seat. I didn't realize they charged for drinks and food. 票很贵。他们每个座位要价60美元。我不知道他们收茶点费用。 I'm not in charge of the project. Mr Brown is the person in charge. 我不负责这个工程。布朗先生是负责人。 [归纳拓展] charge sb. with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb. of (doing) sth.控告/指控某人(做)某事 charge...for...因……向……收费 charge for...收……的费用 free of charge (＝for free)免费 in charge 负责 in charge of...主管/负责……(表状态，主语通常为人) in the charge of sb.由某人掌管(主语通常为物) take charge (of...) 掌管/负责(……)(表动作) ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①Who's 　in charge of　 (负责) operations here? I want to speak to the person who makes the decisions. ②Please ensure that you bring your existing card with you. Your replacement card will be produced 　free of charge　 (免费)． [语法填空] ③—Do you know Mr Hall very well? —Yes, he used to be an editor and take charge 　of 　 the business part of the paper. ④You were charged 　with　 ignoring your duty. Who accused you 　of　 this? ⑤It was said that the project was 　in　 the charge of an expert from Beijing. ⑥We won't charge customers 　for　 onsite parking and provide highspeed WiFi. 3．(教材P4)money paid for work or services, typically on a daily or weekly basis 为工作或服务支付的钱，通常按日或按周支付 on a．..basis 根据；以……的方式(基准) ◆[佳句感知] We do not try to finetune the economy on the basis of shortterm predictions. 我们不会根据短期的预测就试图对经济进行微调。 [归纳拓展] basis n．基础；根据 on the basis of sth. 在某事的基础上；根据某事 base n．基础；底部；基地；总部 vt.把基地设在……；以……为基础(常用被动语态) be based on/upon...以……为基础，以……为根据 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①Their marketing strategy 　is based　 (base) on a study of consumer spending. ②I attended a course on 　basic　 (base) computer skills. ③The film is based 　on/upon　 a novel by D．H. Lawrence. ④　Based　 (base) on a real person, the story is really touching. [翻译句子] ⑤我们的政策应建立在自力更生(selfreliance)的基础上。 　Our policy should be based on selfreliance./Our policy should be established on the basis of selfreliance.　 ⑥我们将定期在那里会面。 　We're going to/will meet there on a regular basis.　 4．(教材P4)They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, we will have more time for creating, thinking, and “being human”． 他们认为如果人工智能可以为我们处理计算、驾驶之类的任务，我们就会有更多的时间去创造、思考，以及“做人”。 calculate vt. 计算；核算；预测 ◆[佳句感知] This might seem like an easy figure to calculate. 这个数字可能看上去很容易计算。 [归纳拓展] calculate on sth. 指望，期望某物 calculate on sb./sth. doing sth.指望某人/某物做某事 be calculated to do sth.旨在做某事，用意在于做某事 calculate that...计算……；预测…… It is calculated that...据估算…… calculation n．计算；推测；算计 calculator n．计算器 calculating adj. 精于算计的 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①This advertisement 　is calculated to appeal　 to children. 这个广告旨在吸引儿童。 ②Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel 　calculates that　 he has stored about 200,000 m3 of water. 建好了9个这样的冰窖后，诺菲尔预测他已经储存了大约20万立方米的水。 ③These 　calculations are based on　 the latest statistics. 这些计算结果是以最近的统计数字为根据的。 [语法填空] ④She lied with cold 　calculation　 (calculate)． ⑤Thomas was a cold and 　calculating　 (calculate) guy. ⑥She carries a pocket 　calculator　 (calculate) everywhere. ⑦We calculated 　on　 an early start. [重点句型] (教材P4)Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise. 无论是谁被指控犯了罪，都应该被假定为无罪，直到(他)被证明有罪。 [句式分析] ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when 　returning　 (return) to the village last week. ②Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication, unless 　handled　 (handle) properly, may lead to serious problems. [完成句子] ③——谁应该为这次事故负责？ ——是老板，而不是工人们，他们仅仅是按照嘱咐的那样去做。 —Who should be responsible for the accident? —The boss, not the workers. They just did 　as (they were) told　. ④亨利向四周环视，似乎在寻找什么。 Henry looked about 　as if (he was) in search of something.　 (1)在时间状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，同时从句谓语中有be动词，可省去该从句的主语和be动词，这时从句中可以出现如下结构： ①连词＋名词/形容词/介词短语 ②连词＋现在分词/过去分词 Though (he was) young, he succeeded in taking apart the machine skillfully and then put it together without any difficulty. 他虽然年轻，但熟练地把这个机器拆开了，然后又毫不费力地装好了它。 When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 在上班的路上，我遇见了她。 While (I was) cleaning my bedroom, I heard a scream coming from downstairs suddenly. 我在打扫卧室的时候，突然听到楼下传来一声尖叫。 The medicine is quite effective if (it is) taken on time. 这药要是能按时服用，效果是很好的。 (2)当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句的主语是it, 且谓语中有be动词时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。 Please answer these questions without referring to the book, if (it is) possible. 如果有可能，请不看书回答这些问题。 被动语态 自我探究 总结归纳 1.It was going to be tested out　 by Larry's wife, Claire. 过去将来时的被动语态 2....but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed　. 不定式的被动语态 3.Now she was being looked after　 by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing. 过去进行时的被动语态 4.As he was not allowed　 to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house. 一般过去时的被动语态 5.1,000 computers have been sold 　 this week. 现在完成时的被动语态 6.Measures 　will be taken 　 to stop pollution. 一般将来时的被动语态 [基本概念] 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成为：助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词。在被动语态中，动作的执行者一般由by引出，但在多数情况下被省略。通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。 [思维导图] [语法精析] 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词随主语的人称、数、时态和语气而变化。 常用时态 被动形式 一般现在时 am/is/are done 一般过去时 was/were done 一般将来时 shall/will be done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were being done 现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done English is spoken by many people. 很多人都说英语。 The foreign guests were given warm welcome by the children. 外国来宾受到了孩子们的热烈欢迎。 Several big modern power plants will be built in our city. 我市将建造几座大型现代化发电厂。 The main building of Shanghai Jiao Tong University is being repaired by the workers. 工人们正在维修上海交通大学的主楼。 My car was being fixed by him at six yesterday. 昨天六点钟他正在修理我的汽车。 English has been studied by us for three years at school. 我们已经在学校学习了三年英语。 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year. 截至去年年底，我们已经生产了100辆拖拉机。 ►[学以致用] [语法填空] 1．—The machine is working again! —Yes，it broke down yesterday, but it 　has been fixed　 (fix)． 2．In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six. This aging of the population 　is driven　(drive) by two factors. 3．On the last day of our weeklong stay, we 　were invited　(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 4．My washing machine 　is being repaired　 (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 5．People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should 　be placed　 (place) on longevity(长寿)． 6．Truly elegant chopsticks might 　be made 　(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. [温馨提示] 1．含情态动词的被动结构为：情态动词＋be done。 2．被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词后加not。 The project hasn't been finished yet. 这项工程还没有完成。 Measures will not be taken to prevent corrosion. (我们)将不再采取措施来防止腐蚀。 二、被动语态的基本用法 (1)说话人所要表达的语义重心是动作的承受者且没有必要提到执行者时，常用被动语态。 English lessons are being broadcast on the radio now. 现在收音机上正在播英语课。 This product can't be on sale unless it has been tested out. 除非经过测试，否则这个产品是不可以销售的。 In 1976 King Kong's unfortunate story was retold with a man in a suit with makeup and a robot. 1976年金刚令人惋惜的故事再次被搬上银幕，由真人穿上猩猩装，外加化妆技术和机器模型来呈现。 (2)不太清楚动作的执行者是谁，或者不便道出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态。 This bridge was built in the 18th century. 这座桥建于18世纪。 The reporters were told not to enter that area. 记者被告知不要进入那片区域。 ►[学以致用] 句型转换 7．Flashing lights and the sea of faces surrounded two pairs of dancers on a round stage. →Two pairs of dancers on a round stage 　were surrounde by　 flashing lights and the sea of faces. 8．Don't be anxious, and they will tell you where to go later. →Don't be anxious, and you 　will be told 　 where to go by them later. 9．In order to protect the environment, the government has taken action. →Action 　has been taken　 by the government in order to protect the environment. [语法填空] 10．The parts of a museum open to the public 　are called　 (call) galleries or rooms. 11．The polar bear 　is found　 (find) in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. 三、常见的被动语态句式结构 (1)主语＋被动语态的谓语动词＋其他成分。 Customers are asked to make sure that they have been given the right change before leaving the shop. 顾客们被要求在离开商店之前确认收银员找对了零钱。 The construction of the two new railway lines has been completed. 这两条新铁路线的建设已经完成了。 [温馨提示] 如果主语后面加了短语动词的被动语态，一定要保证短语动词的整体性，不能漏掉搭配中的介词或副词。 Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 看！这些孩子们正被他们的阿姨照顾着。(of不可省略) Other solutions were talked about in the meeting. 其他解决方案在会上被讨论了。(about不可省略) (2)主语＋被动语态的谓语动词＋主语补足语 当“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，原来的宾语变成了被动结构中的主语，原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。 We elected James(as) chairman. 我们选了詹姆斯当主席。(主动语态) James was elected (as) chairman by us. 詹姆斯被我们选为主席。(被动语态) [温馨提示] 主动句中的宾补如果是省略to的动词不定式，变成被动句后，to必须还原，不能省略。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人走进了大楼。(主动语态) A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 一个陌生人被看到走进了大楼。(被动语态) (3)It＋被动语态的谓语动词＋主语从句 常见的结构有：It is suggested that..., It is said that..., It is reported that..., It is known to us that..., It is believed that..., It must be pointed out that..., It is acknowledged that...等。 It is believed that he will pass the examination. 人们相信他会通过考试。(该句话还可以换成：He is believed to pass the examination.) It must be pointed out that mistakes of this kind should not be repeated. 必须指出，这样的错误不应该再犯。 四、不定式的被动式 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动词所表示的动作发生的先后顺序，有一般式和完成式两种形式。 一般式to be done These are the books to be given out to the students. 这些是要发给学生的书。 He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed. 他要求被派往最需要他的地方。 完成式to have been done to have been done 表示不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生。 The novel is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。 He appeared to have been questioned for many times. 看来他已经被询问过很多次了。 ►[学以致用] [语法填空] 12．She didn't want 　to be treated　(treat) like a child. 13.It is an honour for me 　to be asked　 (ask) to speak here. 14．I'd like 　to be informed　 (inform) of the process of your dealing with my complaint. 15．He hurried to the airport, only 　to find　 (find) the star had left. 16．He hurried to the airport, only 　to be told　 (tell) the star had left. 17.The telephone is considered 　to have been invented　(invent) by Alexander Bell. 五、主动形式表示被动意义 (1)连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, remain 等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 Your advice sounds practical. 你的建议听起来是可行的。 Whether we can have a holiday remains unknown. 我们还不知道能否休假。 The material feels very soft. 这种材料摸起来很软。 The food tastes delicious. 这种食物尝起来味道很好。 (2)当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, sell, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The door doesn't shut. 这门关不上。 The book sells well. 这书卖得不错。 (3)want, need, require 等少数表示“需要”的动词后跟v.­ing 时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs cleaning.＝The house needs to be cleaned. 这所房子需要打扫。 This wall requires repairing.＝This wall requires to be repaired. 这面墙需要修理。 ►[学以致用] [翻译句子] 18．这种布料很容易洗。 　This kind of cloth washes easily.　 19．我刚买的那支钢笔写起来流畅。 　The pen I have just bought writes smoothly.　 20．这些花需要浇水了。 　These flowers need watering/to be watered.　 21．棉花摸起来很柔软。 　Cotton feels very soft.　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The young boy is an 　absolute　 (绝对的)genius. 2．Ben likes 　arranging　(布置)flowers in vases in his office. 3．A good teacher is 　aware　 (觉察到) of different needs of each student. 4．He will be sent back to Xinjiang to face a 　charge　 (指控)of armed robbery. 5．We have to go and do 　weekly　 (每周的)shopping on Sunday afternoon. 6．You'll need to 　calculate　(算一算)how much time the assignment will take. 7．　Chairman　(主席)Xi Jinping delivered an inspiring speech on the 73th China National Day (2021.10.1)． 8．The 　salesman　(售货员)in this store is kind and friendly to customers. Ⅱ.语法填空 1．Rachel Carson's popular book Silent Spring raised 　awareness　 (aware) of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans. 2．When 　seen　 (see) from a distance, to tell the truth, the scenery appears more beautiful. 3．Although 　lacking　 (lack) money at that time, I managed to buy the piano for my daughter. 4．Laboratory work needs not only accurate measurement but also correct 　calculation　 (calculate)． 5．China and Western countries have something in common when it comes to 　celebrating　(celebrate) festivals. 6．(2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining 　so 　 hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. 7．I have made 　such　 rapid progress in English that my parents are proud of me. 8．The snow lasted a week, 　causing　 (cause) a serious traffic jam. 9．China's image is improving steadily, with more countries 　recognizing　(recognize) its role in international affairs. Ⅲ.语法专练 1．—May I help you, madam? —How terrible! The things in my shop 　are being stolen　(steal) frequently these days. 2．A rescue worker saved two tourists who 　had been trapped　 (trap) in the mountains for two days. 3．The accident is reported 　to have occurred　(occur) on the first Sunday in February. 4．The play 　to be produced　 (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. 5．The house which 　belongs/ belonged　 (belong) to an old lady is in good condition. 6．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷语法填空节选)The artist was sure he would 　be chosen　(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. 7．—I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why didn't you drive him there? —Because my car 　was being fixed　(fix)． 8．We had great fun playing on the beach and it 　felt　(feel) comfortable to bath in sunlight. 9．Equipped with 5G technology, this new type of mobile phone is popular and 　sells　(sell) well. 10．—How was your weekend, Rose? —Wonderful! It was the first time I 　had been left　(leave) alone at home, enjoying freedom. 11．The number of deaths from cancer will be reduced greatly if people 　are persuaded　(persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables. 12．We are confident that the environment 　will be improved　 (improve) through our further efforts to reduce pollution. 13．Obviously, the article my deskmate wrote yesterday requires 　polishing/to be polished　(polish) again. 14．—Mike, did you see Mr Chapman in the office just now? —Yes, he 　was being interviewed　(interview), and he looked a little bit nervous. 15．Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement 　has been reached　 (reach) so far by the two sides. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $