Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking (Ⅱ)-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word（人教版）

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking (Ⅱ) [重点单词] 1．　guarantee　 vt.担保；确保n.保证；保修单；保质期 2．　salary　 n．薪水；薪金 3．　absurd　 adj.荒谬的；荒唐的 4．　dismiss　 vt.让人离开；解散；解雇；消除 5．　integrity　 n．诚实正直；完整；完好 6．　dignity　 n．庄重；庄严；尊严 7．　saleswoman　 n．女售货员；女销售员 8．　appoint　 vt.任命，委派；安排→　appointment　 n．预约；约会；委任；职务；职位→　appointed　 adj.指定的；约定的 9．　guilt　 n．内疚；自责；犯罪→　guilty　 adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 10．　declare 　vt.表明；宣称；公布→　declaration　 n．公告；宣言；表白；书面声明 11．　favour　 n．[C] 恩惠，帮助 [U]赞同；支持→　favourable　 adj.赞同的；有利的vt.较喜欢；有利于→　favourite　 adj.特别喜爱的 [重点短语] 1．　test out　 　　　　　　　检验；测试 2．　as a favour　 出于好意；为了帮忙 3．　on a business trip　 出差 4．　more like　 更像 5．　look after　 照顾，照料 6．　accompany sb. to...　 陪伴……到…… 7．　the desire to do sth.　 做某事的渴望/欲望 [重点句型] 1．...it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot，... [句式分析]：本句为主语从句，it为形式主语，that引导的名词性从句为真正的主语。 试译：　……这很好笑，她竟然被一个机器人同情了……　 2．As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant. [句式分析]：本句结构为：(主语)＋make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 试译：　出于好意，托尼答应帮助克莱尔把她打扮得更漂亮，把家布置得更雅致。　 3．As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. [句式分析]：这是一个完全倒装句，主语为Gladys Claffern；谓语为stood。 试译：　当她转过身时，(发现)格拉迪斯·克拉芬就在身后。　 [词汇精讲] 1．(教材P2)It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire. 这项测试将由拉里的妻子克莱尔来进行。 test out 检验；测试 ◆[佳句感知] The new product was tested out in 2018 and launched in 2019. 新产品于2018年通过检测，2019年投放市场。 [归纳拓展] test sb./sth. for sth. 检测和衡量某人/某物的…… test sth./sb. on sb./sth. 检测和衡量某人/某物的…… ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①The students 　tested out　 their cost­cutting programme in several companies. 学生们在几家公司试验了他们的削减成本计划。 ②She 　tested the students on　 irregular verbs. 她对学生进行不规则动词的检测。 [语法填空] ③People are against 　testing　 (test) medicine on animals. ④Have you seen on TV drugs 　being tested　 (test) on animals? 2．(教材P2)．..but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed. ……但是拉里使她相信机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。 persuade vt. 使相信，使信服；劝说，说服 ◆[佳句感知] We had managed to persuade them that it was worth working with us. 我们已经设法使他们相信和我们共事是值得的。 He's so stubborn that I'm afraid I can't persuade him to change/into changing his mind. 他那么固执，我怕我说服不了他改变主意。 [归纳拓展] persuade sb. that...使某人相信/信服…… persuade sb. of sth.使某人相信/信服某事物 persuade sb. to do sth./persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事 persuade sb. not to do sth./persuade sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事 persuasive adj.有说服力的；令人信服的 persuasion n．说服，劝说 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①I 　am　 still not fully 　persuaded of　 the plan's advantages. 我还不能完全信服这个计划的优点。 ②He is trying to 　persuade　 domestic and foreign businesses 　to invest　 in the project. 他正在努力说服国内外公司投资该项目。 [语法填空] ③The naughty boy will give 　persuasive　(persuade) excuse for his not finishing his exercise. ④Defeated by her powers of 　persuasion　 (persuade), I gave up my foolish plan. 3．(教材P2)As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant. 出于好意，托尼答应帮助克菜尔变得更漂亮，把她的家变得更雅致。 favour n．[C] 恩惠，帮助；[U]赞同，支持 vt.很喜欢，有利于 ◆[佳句感知] All the classmates looked on my holiday plan with favour. 所有同学都赞成我的假日计划。 The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants. 温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。 [归纳拓展] as a favour 出于好意，为了帮忙 do sb. a favour 帮某人的忙 ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb.请求某人帮忙 in favour of 赞成，支持 in one's favour 对某人有利 favourable adj.赞同的；有利的 favourite adj.特别受喜爱的 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①Could you 　do me a favour　 —would you feed my cat this weekend? 你能帮我个忙——这周末帮我喂猫吗？ ②I am 　in favour of　 exercise, but it's never a good idea to exercise before bedtime. 我赞成运动，但是在睡前运动绝对不是一个好主意。 ③She always felt that her parents 　favoured her brother　. 她总觉得父母偏爱弟弟。 [语法填空] ④(2020·天津)A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middleaged in this city are 　in 　 favour of the proposal for health care reform. ⑤The disease spreads quickly under 　favourable　 (favour) conditions. ⑥(2020·天津)The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favour 　of　 the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen­year­old girl. 4．(教材P2)She had an appointment to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop. 她按照预约做完美甲，又走进了一家高档服装店。 appointment n. 预约；约会；委任；职务；职位 ◆[佳句感知] I hate to rush you but I have another appointment with my doctor later on. 我真不想催你，但我稍后和我的医生还有一个预约。 [归纳拓展] have/make an appointment to do sth.约定做某事 have an appointment with sb.与某人有约会/约定 make an appointment with sb.与某人约定/预约 by appointment 通过预约 the appointment as/to be...……的任命 appoint vt.任命；委派；约定，确定(时间、地点) appoint sb. to...任命某人去某处任职 appoint sb. as...任命某人为…… appoint sb. to do sth. 指定某人做某事 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①I can't go with you. I 　have an appointment with　 my dentist this afternoon. 我不能和你一起去，我今天下午和我的牙医有约。 ②The doctor only sees patients 　by appointment　. 那位医生只看预约的病人。 ③　The appointment　 of John 　as/to be　 chairman is a great joy to him. 任命约翰为主席令他非常高兴。 ④The committee 　has appointed a day　 in June for your case to be heard. 委员会已经确定于六月的某一天审理你的案件。 [语法填空] ⑤I 　was appointed　 (appoint) as head of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) 20 years ago. ⑥I hope I shall get a teaching 　appointment　 (appoint) at the new school. ⑦They appointed him 　as　 chairman. ⑧They appointed him 　to catch　 (catch) all the rats. ⑨Do you have an appointment 　with　 the dentist? ⑩We've made 　an　 appointment with them to meet at the gate of the museum. 5．(教材P2)Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty. 虽然根本不是这么一回事，克莱尔还是感到内疚。 guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 ◆[佳句感知] I feel really guilty at forgetting her birthday. 我忘记了她的生日，感到非常内疚。 [归纳拓展] feel guilty about/at...对……感到内疚 be guilty of...犯……罪 guilt n．内疚；自责；犯罪 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①He 　feels quite guilty　 when looking back on the past. 当他回忆过去时，他感到非常惭愧。 ②He 　is/was guilty of　 serious misconduct. 他犯有严重失职罪。 ③He 　felt guilty about/ at　 not giving his seat to the old lady. 他对于未给老妇人让座这件事感到内疚。 6．(教材P2)The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night. 客人们很快就要到了，所以克莱尔让托尼在当晚余下的时间里回避。 dismiss vt. 让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除；不受理(案子) ◆[佳句感知] The class was dismissed early today. 今天这个班级提早放学。 [归纳拓展] dismiss sb. from...解雇 dismiss sb. for sth. 因某事解雇某人 dismiss fears/doubts from one's mind 消除心中的恐惧/疑虑 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①He 　was dismissed from　 his job for incompetence. 他因为不称职而被解雇了。 [语法填空] ②Last month the case 　was dismissed　 (dismiss) owing to lack of evidence. ③Employees can 　be dismissed　 (dismiss) for causing great losses to the company. 7．(教材P3)She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. 她听到托尼说明天他不想离开她，而且他不仅仅是想使她开心。 declare vt. 表明，宣称；宣布，公布 ◆[佳句感知] He declared that he was in love with her. 他声称自己已爱上她。 [归纳拓展] declare that...宣布/宣称…… declare for/against...声明赞成/反对…… declare war on...向……宣战 declare sb./sth.＋adj.宣布某人/某物…… declare sb./sth. (to be)．..宣布某人/某物为…… It is declared that...据宣布…… declaration n [C，U]宣告，公告，宣布 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①The courageous citizens have 　declared war on　 the deadly disease. 英勇的市民已经向这种致命的疾病宣战。 ②Our government 　declared for　 this plan. 我们的政府声明支持这项计划。 [语法填空] ③The birth rate was expected to increase rapidly after the 　declaration　 (declare) of the universal twochild policy, but it didn't. ④Do you know when Britain declared war 　on　 Germany during the Second World War? ⑤It's likely that he will declare 　against　 the proposal, because he thinks it will threaten people's interests. ⑥The head teacher declared Wang Fei 　to be　 (be) monitor of the class. 8．(教材P3)She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. 她听到托尼说明天他不想离开她，而且他不仅仅是想使她开心。 desire n．[C，U] vt.渴望 ◆[佳句感知] Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, and that we all have a common desire for pleasure. 也许这就是照片的作用：提醒我们——我们都欣赏美，我们都有追求快乐的共同愿望。 If you wish your child to have a strong desire to learn, you must first have him understand that he has the ability to gain a sense of achievement through learning. 你如果希望你的孩子有强烈的学习欲望，必须要先让他明白他有能力从学习中获得成就感。 ◆[即学即练] [单句写作] ①　Our desire is/We desire that one day everybody(should) live in a safe environment without pollution.或We desire one day everybody to live in a safe environment without pollution.　 我们渴望有一天大家会生活在一个安全、无污染的环境中。 [语法填空] ②I had a strong desire 　to reach　 (reach) in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window. ③The old woman desired her son and daughter 　to come　 (come) and see her from time to time. ④It's my desire that all the members of the family 　(should) gather　 (gather) once a year. [句式精析] 1．(教材P2)Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. 克莱尔觉得很可笑，她竟然被一个机器人同情了，但克莱尔渐渐地钦佩他的智慧和正直，并开始信任他。 [结构分析] it＋be＋adj.＋从句 在“it＋be＋adj.＋从句”中，it为形式主语，从句作真正的主语。常用于此结构的形容词有necessary, certain, important, possible, likely, strange, doubtful 等。 It is important that we should have a right attitude towards study. 我们对学习要有正确的态度，这是很重要的。 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①很明显，他们急需援助。(clear) 　It's clear that　 they need help badly. ②他能否按时完成任务非常重要。(important) 　It is important whether　 he can finish his task on time. ③很明显他正在尽最大努力屏住呼吸。(obvious) 　It is obvious that　 he is trying his best to hold his breath. 2．(教材P2)As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant. 出于好意，托尼答应帮助克莱尔把她打扮得更漂亮，把她家布置得更雅致。 [结构分析] make＋宾语＋宾补 在“make＋宾语＋宾补”这一复合结构中，宾补可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。 ①“make＋宾语＋形容词(短语)”意为“使……处于某种状态”。 The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient. 互联网使我们的生活变得容易、方便。 ②“make＋宾语＋名词(短语)”意为“使或让……成为……；使……当……”。 We made him our team leader last week. 上周我们推选他当我们的队长。 Most pop singers make music their career. 很多流行歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。 [温馨提示] 当不定式短语或宾语从句作宾语时，为了使句子结构保持平衡，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到宾补后面，即：make＋it＋宾补＋不定式短语/宾语从句。 They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job. 他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作不但重要，而且是必不可少的。 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①He is very popular among his students as he tries to make them 　interested in his lectures　 (让他们对他的课感兴趣)． ②They made me 　retell the story　(复述故事)． ③He raised his voice to make 　himself heard　 (让人听到他说话)． ④To our surprise, the film 　made him a superstar　 (让他成为一个超级巨星)． ⑤I'm sorry to make you 　waiting for me so long　(让你等我这么长时间)． ⑥Children should be made 　to understand the importance of saving water　(应该让孩子们理解节约用水的重要性)． 3．(教材P2)Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear”． 克莱尔感谢了托尼，并称呼他“亲爱的”。 [结构分析] 现在分词(短语)作伴随状语 分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，分词(短语)所表示的动作伴随句子谓语的动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词(短语)所表示的动作为伴随性的次要动作。现在分词(短语)作伴随状语的特点：它所表示的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语的动作而发生或存在的。一般将其置于句尾，可用逗号将其与句子主干分开。现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系。 The students entered the classroom, smiling and talking. 学生们有说有笑地进了教室。 He sat in a chair, reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。 Four people entered the room, looking around in a curious way. 四个人进入房间，好奇地四处参观。 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①I feel quite relaxed when I lie on my back in the middle of the grassland, 　staring　 (stare) at the night sky. ②The sun began to rise in the sky, 　bathing　 (bathe) the mountain in the golden light. ③Mum was busy in the kitchen, 　cooking　 (cook) dinner for the whole family. 4．(教材P2)As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 当她转过身时，发现格拉迪丝·克拉芬就站在身后。 [结构分析] 完全倒装 完全倒装是将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，把谓语移到主语前面。常见的有以下几种类型： ①地点副词(here，there等)、时间副词(now, then)以及方位副词(away, down, in, off, out, back等)置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子要完全倒装。其谓语动词多为be，go, come等表示位置移动或状态的不及物动词。 There goes the bell.(＝The bell is ringing.) 铃响了。 Down came Stout Santa in a single bound. 胖胖的圣诞老人轻轻一跳就下来了。(正常语序为：Stout Santa came down in a single bound.) ②There be 句型(be动词还可以替换为appear, exist, lie, stand, remain, live等表示“存在”含义的动词)。 There exists an ancient temple in this town, which attracts many visitors. 这个小镇上有一座古庙，吸引着许多游客。 ③表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词，谓语动词是be, lie, stand, sit 等时，句子要完全倒装。 Under that tree stands a beautiful girl who is reading a book. 那棵树下站着一位美丽的姑娘，她正在读书。(正常语序为：A beautiful girl who is reading a book stands under that tree.) ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①我还没来得及说一个字，孩子们就跑开了。 　Away ran the children before I could say a single word.　 ②最后一班火车开走了。 　There went the last train.　 ③我的妈妈坐在窗边，手里端着一杯咖啡。 　By the window sat my mother with a cup of coffee in her hand.　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Although it is a work of 　fiction　 (小说)，it is based on the stories that happened in the community of the author. 2．Liz earned a ￡1,000 　bonus　(奖金) for being the salesperson of the year. 3．No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest 　integrity　(正直)． 4．(2020·天津一中月考)If you were wrong, admit it. You won't lose 　dignity　 (尊严)，but will gain respect. 5．We would like to announce the 　appointment　 (委任) of Julia Lewis as head of sales. 6．The lady must have done something wrong, because she looks 　guilty　(内疚的)． 7．It was very uncomfortable to lie on the hospital bed with my legs 　suspended　(悬) in the air. 8．The students were 　dismissed　 (解散)from school early today because of the heavy snow. 9．(2019·全国Ⅱ卷语法填空改编)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 　declared　(表明) she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business. 10．How much Della wishes to have an elegant job with a big 　salary　 (薪水) so as to enjoy a higher social status! Ⅱ.短语选填 or rather，turn around，after all，come up with，more like，have an appointment with，declare war on，out of sympathy 1．Friendly neighbours are trying to make the community 　more like　 a big family. 2．Much to our amazement, the five­year­old boy should read, 　or rather　， recite the ancient poems fluently. 3．I 　have an appointment with　 Dr Smith, but I need to change it. 4．I 　turned around　 and saw a pleasant woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. 5．Scientists 　declare war on　 AIDS in order to make a breakthrough in AIDS research. 6．　Out of sympathy　 for the homeless children he gave them shelter for the night. 7．The boy has done well in the game. 　After all　， he is only 6 years old. 8．The youngest student 　came up with　 a clever and practical solution to the problem. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．唐纳德这样安静，我不知道他在搞什么鬼。 Donald 　is being so quiet　； I wonder what he is up to. 2．乔治问贝蒂她第二天十点会在干什么。 George asked Betty what she 　would be doing　 at ten o'clock the next day. 3．大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那儿。 The Public Square is an eyecatching sight of the city.　There stand　 many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.(stand) 4．随着中国的发展，汉语变得越来越重要。 　As China develops/With China's development　， Chinese is becoming more and more important. 5．澳大利亚黄金的发现使许多人相信将会发财。 They discovery of gold in Australia led thousands of people to believe that a fortune 　was to be made　.(“be to do ”结构) Ⅳ.语法填空 1．The new comer arrived at the 　appointed　 (appoint) time for an 　appointment　 (appoint) with our general manager. 2．She is sensitive 　to　 what people think of her. Do be cautious not to offend her. 3．The result of the experiment was very 　satisfying　. Not only did we feel 　satisfied　 with it, but our teacher looked at us with 　satisfaction　.(satisfy) 4．The 　embarrassing　 situation last night made her 　embarrassed　， which also 　embarrassed　 us. So she flushed with 　embarrassment　.(embarrass) 5．They were all 　disturbed　 by the 　disturbing　 news; that is to say, the news 　disturbed　 all of them.(disturb) 6．Recently, a new model of morning classes is being tested 　out　 in our school to see whether it works well. 7．(2020·山东青岛二中期中)Through clever advertising, companies persuade consumers 　into　 replacing their old TVs, mobile phones and computers with the latest models. 8．I often tell my children 　how　 hard the life was to me when I was in my teens. 9．Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire 　to keep　 (keep) learning. 10．He took up the post as general manager, knowing little about how this appointment was 　to change　 (change) his life. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $