Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册五维课堂教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语核心词汇（如accident、whisper、assist等）和语法结构（have sth. done、现在分词作状语等），以教材原句为起点，通过拓展归纳、词语辨析、即学即练构建词汇网络，语法从具体句式到系统规则形成学习支架。 该资料以“词汇精讲-句式精析-综合练习”闭环设计为特色，通过词语对比（如incident/event/accident辨析）培养思维品质，多样化练习（语法填空、完成句子等）提升语言能力与学习能力。课中助力教师高效授课，课后学生可通过分层练习查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking [词汇精讲] 1 (教材 P18)Hearing that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr Johnson hurried to the hospital. 他的妻子在一次事故中受伤，约翰逊先生急忙赶到医院。 　accident n．事故；车祸；失事；意外；偶然的事 ◆[佳句感知] But Wilson did not regard the accident as catastropic. 但是Wilson并没有把这次事故看成是灾难性的。 ◆[拓展归纳] (quite) by accident(纯属)偶然；意外地 accidental adj.意外的 accidentally adv.偶然地 ◆[词语辨析]　incident, event与accident 词条 区别 例句 incident 既可指小事件或附带事件，也可指政治上具有影响力的事件或事变 On the very day when I left, an incident occurred.事件就发生在我离开的当天。 event 指大事(个人的、集体的或国家的)，但尤指历史上的重大事件；还可指“赛事” The important event of the week was the storm.那一周中的大事就是那场暴风雨。 accident 强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事件，如a traffic accident(交通事故) She was involved in a serious car accident last week.上星期她被卷入了一场严重的车祸中。 ◆[即学即练] 选词填空　accident, event与incident ①The eyewitness gave a truthful account of the 　incident　. ②The film festival is a big 　event　 in the city. ③He was injured in the car 　accident　. 语法填空 ④The damage couldn't have been caused 　accidentally　 (accidental)． ⑤He found the old photo 　by　 accident. 2 (教材 P18) I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not wanting to be heard. 我看见她在他耳边低语，显然不想被听见。 　whisper vt.&vi.低语；小声说；私下说n.耳语；低语 ◆[佳句感知] “Maybe I could go as Superman，” he whispered to his mom. 他小声和他的妈妈说：“也许我可以扮成‘超人’。” ◆[拓展归纳] whisper sth.to sb. 对某人窃窃私语；向某人低声说…… whisper to sb.向某人低声说 whisper about悄悄传播 whisper sth. in one's ear在某人耳旁小声说…… It is/was whispered that...据传闻…… in a whisper/whispers＝in a low voice 低声地；耳语地 ◆[即学即练] 完成句子 ①She is 　whispering_a_story_to_her_daughter　. 她低声地给女儿讲着故事。 ②He touched me with his finger, 　whispering_to_me_in_my_ear　，“The teacher is coming.” 他用手指触了我一下，附耳说了一句：“老师来了。” ③　It_is_whispered_that　 he is heavily in debt. 据传闻他负债累累。 ④He answered 　in_a_whisper/in_whispers　. 他低声回答。 语法填空 ⑤The two boys 　were_whispering　 (whisper) when the head teacher came in from the back door. ⑥　It　 was whispered that the man was caught stealing. 3 (教材 P18)Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. 尽管情况困难，白求恩大夫还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。 　 assist vt.帮助；援助 ◆[佳句感知] We should do something to assist them. 我们应该做点什么来帮助他们。 ◆[拓展归纳] assist sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 assist sb. with sth.帮助某人某事 assist sb. in doing sth.帮助某人做某事 assistance n．帮助；协助 come to one's assistance援助某人 with the assistance of 在……帮助下 assistant n．助手；助理；售货员 ◆[即学即练] 完成句子 ①The guide managed to 　assist_the_tourists_to_find　 somewhere to live during the Brazil World Cup. 导游在巴西世界杯期间设法为游客们找到了住所。 ②We're looking for volunteers who would be willing to 　assist_us_with　 the group's work. 我们正在寻找愿意帮助这个团体工作的志愿者。 ③Despite his cries, no one 　came_to_his_assistance　. 尽管他大声喊叫，但没有人来帮助他。 语法填空 ④Mary was chosen as an 　assistant　 (assist) to help Mr Brown finish his research. ⑤We asked him to assist us 　in　 designing a new bridge. 4 (教材 P18) After Dr Bethune's death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China. 在白求恩医生去世后，毛泽东主席为了纪念他写了一篇文章，在文章中他赞扬白求恩医生是一位英雄，说他在中国将永远被铭记。 　in memory of 纪念，追念＝to the memory of ◆[佳句感知] Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T­shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight. 裁判将挑选出50名荣誉奖，每人将获得一件T恤衫以纪念Earhart的最后一次飞行。 ◆[拓展归纳] “in＋n.＋of”类型的短语 in place of代替；取代 in charge of负责；掌管 in possession of拥有；持有；占有 in search of寻找 in need/want of...需要…… in favour of赞同；支持 in terms of...就……而言 in case of假使；如果 in celebration of庆祝 in praise of赞美；歌颂 in honour of 纪念；向……表示敬意 in defence of保卫，为……辩护 ◆[即学即练] 完成句子 ①He founded the charity 　in_honour_of　 his late wife. 他创办了这一慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。 ②A great many college graduates went to the big cities 　in_search_of_better_jobs　. 许多大学毕业生去大城市寻找更好的工作。 ③He is 　in_charge_of　 the company when his father is away. 当他父亲不在时，他负责公司的工作。 用恰当的“in＋n.＋of”短语填空 ④Mr Green stood up 　in_defence_of　 the 16­year­old boy, saying he was not the one to blame. ⑤The police were 　in_search_of　 two suspects in connection with the robbery. ⑥The building was called Ford Hall 　in_memory/honor_of　 a man named James Ford. 5 (教材 P19)The lady wants to pay him, but he won't accept payment, instead telling the lady to just show kindness to another person. 女士想付钱给他，但他非但没有接受，反而告诉女士把友善给另一个人就好。 　 instead adv. 代替；顶替；反而 ◆[佳句感知] They weren't there to throw red paint on fur­coat­wearing stars. Instead one activist, dressed in a full­body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers：“Thanks for not using a real ape！” 他们到那并不是向穿着猴毛大衣的明星泼洒红油漆的。相反，一位活动家，全身穿着猴装，来到现场，带着牌子，表扬制片人：“谢谢没有练用真猿！” ◆[拓展归纳] 有关“代替”的短语 instead of(介词短语) in place of(介词短语) replace(动词) take the place of(动词短语) take one's place(动词短语) substitute(动词) ◆[词语辨析]　instead与instead of 词条 区别 instead 副词，意为“代替，顶替”，单独使用 instead of 意为“代替，作为……的替换”，它后面一般接名词、代词或动词­ing形式 ◆[即学即练] 完成句子 ①He didn't reply. 　Instead　， he turned on his heel and left the room. 他没有回答，反而转身离开了房间。 ②Mr Wang is ill. I will 　take_his_class_instead　. 王老师病了，我将替他上课。 ③Shall we have fish 　instead_of_chicken　 today? 我们今天吃鱼肉不吃鸡肉，好吗？ 选词填空　instead与instead of ④I only learnt how to sign the alphabet that day. Yet 　instead_of　 being discouraged by my slow progress, I was excited. ⑤But unlike her school friends, 16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term resting.　Instead　， she is earning $ 6,500 a day as s model in New York. [句式精析] 1 (教材 P18)Returning from the North Pole, the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year. 从北极回来后，旅行者写了一本关于他的经历的书，并在第二年出版。 　[句式分析]　have sth. done表示“让别人做某事；完成某事；遭遇不幸的事”。 ， 　　 　　　 . ◆[佳句感知] Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers sent to his mother on her birthday. 每年，汤姆都记得在她妈妈生日时送给她鲜花。 ◆[拓展归纳] have sb./sth. doing sth.让某人做某事/让某事发生(动作持续)(肯定句) can't have sb. doing sth.不允许某人做某事 have sb. do sth.让某人做某事 have sth. to do有事情要做(不定式作定语) ◆[即学即练] 完成句子 ①He was very funny and 　had_us_laughing　 all the way. 他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我们笑个不停。 ②　He_could_not_have_her_getting_away　 with telling people lies! 他可不能让她哄骗人们后跑掉！ ③　I_have_an_important_meeting_to_attend　， so I can't go to watch the football match with you tonight. 我有个重要的会议要参加，因此今天晚上我不能和你一起去看足球赛了。 语法填空 ④(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times 　decorated　 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. ⑤I can't have you 　speaking　 (speak) to your mother in a rude manner. ⑥I can't go to the cinema with you because I have a lot of homework 　to_finish　 (finish). 2 (教材 P19)The waitress goes home to her husband, happy, because of the kindness the lady showed her. 女服务员高高兴兴地回家去找她的丈夫，因为那位女士对她表达的善意。 　[句式分析]　happy是形容词，在句中作状语，侧重说明动作执行者的状态，特性等。形容词作状语时，常与句子的谓语部分用逗号隔开。 ◆[佳句感知] Little Tom sat amazed watching the monkey dancing in front of him. 一脸惊奇的小汤姆坐着看那只猴子在他眼前跳舞。 ◆[拓展归纳] 作状语的常用形式 副词 不定式(短语) 分词(短语) 介词短语 ◆[即学即练] 完成句子 ①　Tired_and_hungry　， he had to stop working. 由于又饿又累，他只好停止了工作。 ②　Helpless　， I decided to give up the job. 我无可奈何，决定辞去这份工作。 ③The suitcase is too heavy 　to_be_carried_by_a_child　. 箱子太重小孩拿不动。 ④　Being_a_poor_teacher　， he can't afford to buy a car. 他是一名穷教师，买不起汽车。 现在分词(动词­ing形式)作状语 一、概念 现在分词作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，用来修饰谓语，常表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随、让步等情况，并可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。 二、规则 动词 形式 意义 以do为例 一般式 (not) doing 主动式 (not)doing 与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生 被动式 (not)being done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 (not) having done 主动式(not) having done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生 被动式(not) Having been done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生 (一)现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。 1．作时间状语 现在分词作时间状语时，常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。 *Hearing the noise, I turned round. ＝When I heard the noise, I turned round. 听到响声我转过身去。 2．作原因状语 现在分词作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。 *Having lived in the village for years, I know everyone quite well. ＝Because I have lived in the village for years, I know everyone quite well. 因为在这个村里住了很多年，所以我熟悉每个人。 3．作条件状语 现在分词作条件状语时，相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。 *Working hard, you'll certainly succeed. ＝If you work hard, you'll certainly succeed. 只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。 4．作结果状语 现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示自然而然、意料之中的结果，分词前可接thus。 *More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国建了很多高速公路，这使人们从一个地方到另一个地方变得更容易了。 ◆[微点拨] 现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，有时候前面可以加only。 5．作让步、方式和伴随状语 现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。 *Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. ＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and read a book. 玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。 (二)现在分词作状语的注意事项 1．现在分词的时态 现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时态，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。 当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式；当现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前时，用分词的完成式。 *Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine. 我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生) *Having finished the letter, he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished 是先发生的，went是后发生的) 2．现在分词的语态 使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。 *Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy. 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。(现在分词的被动式) *Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。(现在分词的主动式) 3．现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。 *My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn't want the children to play together. 我妻子与莎莉谈了很多时间，解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(explaining是句子主语My wife做出的动作，它们之间是主动关系，即explaining的逻辑主语就是句子的主语My wife。) *The train having gone, we had to wait another day. 火车已经离开了，我们只好再等一天。 (The train having gone为独立主格结构) 4．现在分词的否定式是在分词短语前面加上not, never等否定词。 *Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。 5．现在分词作评注性状语 有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。如：generally speaking一般来说，judging by/from从……判断，speaking of说到……，talking of谈到……，frankly speaking坦白地说，considering.../taking... into consideration考虑到……，providing...如果……，supposing...假如……等。 *Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad. 从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。 *Taking the weather into consideration, we put off the sports meeting. 考虑到天气情况，我们推迟了运动会。 ◆[针对训练] Ⅰ.完成句子 1．　Standing_on_the_top_of_the_mountain　， I could see the whole city.＝When I stood on the top of the mountain, I could see the whole city. 站在山顶上，我能看到整个城市。 2．　Hearing_the_noise　， I turned round.＝When I heard the noise, I turned round. 听到响声我转过身去。 3．　Being_too_young　， he couldn't join the army.＝ Because he was too young, he couldn't join the army. 因为太年轻，所以他不能参军。 4．　Working_hard　， you'll succeed. ＝ If you work hard, you'll succeed. 如果努力工作，你就会成功的。 5．　Admitting_what_she_said　， I still think that she hasn't tried her best.＝ Although/Though I admit what she said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best. 尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。 6．He walked down the river, 　singing_softly_to_himself　.＝ He walked down the river and sang softly to himself. 他沿着河流一边走，一边轻轻地哼着歌。 7．His parents died in the war, 　leaving_him_an_orphan　.＝ His parents died in the war so that he was orphaned. 他的父母在战争中死了，以致他成了孤儿。 8．　Not_seeing_John　， I asked where he was＝As I didn't see John, I asked where he was. 我没有见到约翰，于是问他在什么地方。 9．　Having_been_told　 many times, Jack still repeated the same mistake＝Though Jack had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 虽然被告诉过好多次了，但杰克仍然重复犯同样的错误。 Ⅱ.语法填空 1．　Tasting　 (taste) sweet, this kind of apples was soon sold out at a high price. 2．John watched curiously, 　thinking　 (think) that the woman seemed a little crazy. 3．George returned after the war, only 　to_be_told　 (tell) that his wife had left him. 4．The accident shocked the public, 　causing　 (cause) a hot debate over air pollution. 5．Li Hua, 　having_studied　 (study) abroad for five years, is on the way back to his motherland. 6．Gradually he found himself back, 　giving　 (give) out his speech without much difficulty. 7．　Lying　 (lie) on the beach and out of breath, I heard a voice. 8．He didn't see a train approaching until it brushed past him, 　throwing　 (throw) him to the ground. 9. 　Having_been_shown　 (show) around the university, we then were taken to a building. 10．　Having_worked　 (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The cold weather and the heavy snow led to many 　accidents　 (车祸)． 2．The man has just had an 　operation　 (手术)in his left leg. 3．His father sat in the sofa waiting for his son to come home at 　midnight　(半夜)． 4．She 　whispered　(低语说)to me that he would change his job. 5．In fact，we 　import　(进口)a large amount of oil every year. 6．The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp... He pulled and 　bit　 (咬) the wire. 7．Here are some good sources of information to 　assist　 (帮助)you in making a decision. 8．His father has just opened a 　chain　(连锁)shoe store. Ⅱ.短语填空 1．He never 　thought_of　(考虑，想到)the disadvantages of travelling by car. 2．I never 　worry_about　 (担心) my son while I was away because my mother kept an eye on him. 3．The shy girl has 　a_determination_to　(决心)work in the most difficult region. 4．When did you 　graduate_from　 (毕业)university and what did you major in? 5．Tyson's 　leaving_for　 (离开去，出发去) college and the author's going to a new school. 6．Thanks to the 　first_aid　 (急救)by a passing nurse，he was saved in the accident. 7．We will hold a great party 　in_memory_of　(以纪念)the May Fourth Day. 8．After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers to 　pay_for　 (付……的款) their schooling. 9．　Once_upon_a_time　(从前，以前)，there was an old temple on the top of the hill. 10．He fell down and hurt himself 　on_his_way_to　 (在去……的路上)school. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．They will come rushing in, 　saying　 (say) their handbag's been stolen. 2．We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she declined, 　saying　 (say) that she felt like walking. 3. The last I saw was Don's face, 　looking　 (look) calmly back at me. 4．Later they learned to work with the seasons, 　planting　 (plant) at the right time. 5．　Making　 (make) the best of this close encounter (机遇), I took some pictures of the bear. 6．He left home in a hurry，　deciding　(decide)to make a fortune before 　returning　(return)home. 7．Every time I turn to him for help，he always agrees，　smiling　(smile)at me. 8．When I got home，my father was sitting at the table，　writing　(write) a news report. 9．　Facing　(face)difficulties every time ，the boy is determined to overcome them with great bravery. 10．He lay on the grass，　staring　(stare)at the stars in the sky. Ⅳ.完成句子(用动词­ing形式作状语) 1．我看到几个年轻人进了等候区，好奇地四处张望。 I saw several young people enter the waiting area，　looking_around_curiously　. 2．我在那里站了片刻，注视着他们，然后过去和他们打招呼。 I stood there for a minute，　watching_them　， and then went to greet them. 3．转过身，她看到一辆救护车开走了。 　Turning_around　， she saw an ambulance driving away. 4．玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。 Mary sat by the window of the classroom，　reading_a_book　. 5．今天早晨，在我去学校的路上，我看到两位妇女在争吵。 When I was on my way to school this morning, I 　saw_two_women_arguing　. 6．被看到正在厨房吸烟的厨师被老板解雇了。 The cook who 　was_seen_smoking　 in the kitchen was fired by the boss. 7．在乘火车之前，乘客应该让他们的行李接受检查。 Passengers should 　have_their_luggage_examined　 before they take a train. 8．他为拯救事故中的伤者做了力所能及的一切。 He did 　whatever_he_could　 to save the injured people in the accident. 9．我们举行了一系列的课后活动，在活动中学生们可以展示他们的天赋。 We held a series of after­school activities, 　in_which　 students could show their talents. 10．过马路时行人必须要注意红绿灯。 The pedestrians must pay attention to the traffic lights 　when_crossing_the_road　. Ⅴ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 Good afternoon，my dear friends. My name is Li Jin.Today I'm very glad 　____1____　 (have)the chance 　____2____　(run)for vice president of the English Club.Concerning the position，I feel qualified 　____3____　(take)the job.First，I have gained a lot of experience in management and have won wide praise from my classmates for my job as monitor.Second，I'm a warm­hearted boy and always ready to help others.Third，I am good at 　____4____　(organize)all kinds of activities and have successfully held a number of English corners. 　____5____　(look) ahead，I will try my best 　____6____　(assist)the president and serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough 　____7____　 (vote)vice president.On the one hand，I will organize some campus activities，and create a platform where students can show their English skills and learn from each other.And I will also invite some famous professors 　____8____　 (give)lectures to us students so that we can acquire a lot of knowledge.On the other hand，I will organize more activities 　____9____　(enhance)the communication between schools.We can compete with students from other universities in debate contests or speech contests.Moreover，I will open more channels for you 　____10____　 (voice)your opinions. I sincerely hope that you will give me a chance，and I promise you that I will be a good vice president. Thank you. 答案：1.to have　2.to run　3.to take　4.organizing 5．Looking　6.to assist　7.to be voted　8.to give 9．to enhance　10.to voice Ⅰ.阅读理解 It is no surprise that within many education systems，wealthier students often test better than poorer students，which education experts often called the “achievement gap”．Sean Reardon，a professor of poverty and inequality in education at Stanford University in California，found that from 1998 to 2010 the achievement gap closed a small amount. One way to reduce the gap is to offer pre­kindergarten programs to all 3­and 4­year­old kids.Such classes are already being offered in some areas around the United States，including the U．S. capital，Washington，D.C.These programs offer hope for many youngsters.It is more than learning the ABCs or counting to 100. Kids have the chance to learn how to listen，develop social skills，and interact with others. Vincent Gray，a former mayor of the District of Columbia，says，“We've always had some form of early childhood care in the District of Columbia for decades.But what we didn't have was universal access.And I did the legislation(立法)in 2009 as Chairman of the Council to get it done.And then when I became the mayor，it gave me an incredible opportunity to be able to fully implement (执行)the legislation.” Gray also explains “Today，most of Washington's youngest children are in school.The pre­K programs are not a requirement in the city.But almost no parent at this stage is saying‘I don't want my child in school.’They want them in school because there's not a cost associated with it，other than the cost of them not having the opportunity to learn.” Generally，wealthier parents have more financial resources to help their children.Educated parents，wealthy or not，might take their children to participate in certain activities instead of attending school at an early age.For example，they may take their children to free events at a public library or recreation (消遣)center.Washington，D.C.also has many free museums. [语篇解读]　在很多的教育体制下，富有的学生比贫穷的学生在测试中做得更好，这就是教育专家所说的“成就差距”，有研究发现在美国这一差距在缩短，那就是学前班课程以及政客Vincent Gray等努力的结果。 1．What is finding of Sean Reardon? A．People have narrowed the achievement gap slightly. B．People have learnt the meaning of achievement gap fully. C．People have tried to get rid of the achievement gap gradually. D．People have known how to reduce the achievement gap greatly. 解析：A　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段的最后一句“...found that from 1998 to 2010 the achievement gap closed a small amount.”可知，这与选项A的“narrowed the achievement gap slightly”表达的意思相一致。] 2．The author used the example of Vincent Gray to show　________　. A．he had accounted for the pre­kindergarten classes in detail B．he had made good preparations for pre­kindergarten classes C．he has helped develop pre­kindergarten classes for a long time D．he had devoted himself to educating pre­kindergarten classes 解析：C　[写作意图题。根据文章第三段Vincent Gray提到关注儿童早期的照料有好几十年了，但没有普及，于是他担任议长时提出这个立法，随后担任市长时去执行那个立法，由此可知作者引用该例子是说明他多年来致力于推进学前班的课程，所以答案选C项。] 3．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．The education system reform is popular with the public. B．The pre­K programs don't satisfy parents' requirement. C．Some parents can afford the cost of their kids' education. D．Most parents pay much attention to their kids' education. 解析：D　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“But almost no parent at this stage is saying‘I don't want my child in school.’．..not having the opportunity to learn.”推断可知，家长们都重视他们小孩的教育，故选项D符合题意。] 4．What do the educated parents do when educating their children? A．By always encouraging them in their studies. B．By making good use of the resources they can get. C．By offering them various out­of­class activities. D．By accompanying and playing with them together. 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“take their children to participate in certain activities”以及下面列举的一些免费的场所可知，这里是说那些家长们懂得利用可得到的资源，所以答案选B项。] Ⅱ.阅读填句 Self­esteem(自尊) plays a role in almost everything you do. 　____1____　 They can have better relationships with peers (同龄人) and adults, feel happier, find it easier to deal with mistakes, disappointments and failures, and are more likely to stick with something until they succeed. If you want to improve your self­esteem, here are some useful tips. ★Try to stop having negative thoughts about yourself. If you're used to focusing on your shortcomings, start thinking about positive aspects of yourself. 　____2____　 ★View mistakes as learning opportunities. Accept that you will make mistakes because everyone does. 　____3____　 Remind yourself that a person's talents are constantly developing, and everyone does well in different things. ★　____4____　If you realize that you're unhappy with something that you can change, then start today. If it's something you can't change(like your height) , then start to work toward loving yourself the way you are. ★Make a contribution. Help a classmate who's having trouble, offer to clean up your neighborhood or volunteer your time in some other way. 　____5____　 ★Have fun. Enjoy spending time with the people you care about and doing the things you love. Relax and have a good time—and avoid putting your life on hold. It takes some work to develop good self­esteem, but once you do, it's a skill you'll have for life. A．Mistakes are part of learning. B．Recognize what you can change and what you can't. C．Low self­esteem is a negative evaluation (评价) of oneself. D．Each day, write down three things about yourself that make you happy. E．People with high self­esteem do better in school and find it easier to make friends. F．Experience is the great thing that enables you to recognize a mistake when you make it again. G．Feeling like you are making a difference and that your help is valued can do wonders to improve self­esteem. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提升自尊心的几点建议。 1．解析：E　[根据前句可知自尊对你所做的事情起着重要的作用。再根据后句可知，自尊心强的人与同龄人和成年人的关系更好，感到更快乐。故E项“自尊心强的人在学校表现地更好，也更容易交到朋友。”符合语境。] 2．解析：D　[根据本空前的“If you're used to focusing on your shortcomings, start thinking about positive aspects of yourself.”可知，如果你习惯了关注自己的缺点，那就开始思考自己积极的方面。D项“每天写下三件关于你的、让你快乐的事。”是对上句话的补充和说明，介绍具体的做法，符合语境。故选D项。] 3．解析：A　[根据本空前的“Accept that you will make mistakes because everyone does.”可知，接受你会犯错的事实，因为人人都会犯错。A项“错误是学习一部分。”符合语境，故选A项。] 4．解析：B　[本段讲的是要认清自己能改变和不能改变的事情。B项“意识到什么是你能改变的，什么是你不能改变的。”符合语境，故选B项。] 5．解析：G　[根据本空前的“Help a classmate who's having trouble, offer to clean up your neighborhood or volunteer your time in some other way.”可知，帮助有困难的同学、主动打扫街区或者以其他方式做点贡献。G项“感觉你的所作所为是值得的、有意义的，这对自尊心的提升会起到意想不到的效果。”是对上文的总结，讲的是帮助别人对提升自尊心的好处，符合语境。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $