精品解析：上海市普陀区曹杨第二中学2025-2026学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷

上海市曹杨二中2025-2026学年高一上学期期末考试 英语试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. —Was Mary in the office when you arrived there? —Yes, but she ________ soon afterwards. A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave 2. — What were you doing when I phoned you last night? — I ________ my painting and was starting to take a bath. A. have already finished B. was finishing C. had just finished D. was going to finish 3. He was born in 1841 and was brought up on his father’s farm, in the hard rough way ________ peasant children in France are always accustomed. A. that B. to which C. in which D. which 4. When traveling to meetings in unfamiliar areas with confusing road signs or unreliable navigation, there are many reasons ________ could explain ________ people are late all the time. A. that, why B. why, that C. which, what D. that, what 5. It is generally accepted that the Chinese were the earliest ________ football while the Europeans established the modern rules for football. A. played B. playing C. to play D. having played 6. I'm glad ________a chance to visit your country, which has really given me a wonderful impression. A. to give B. to have given C. to be given D. to have been given 7. The conference currently ________ in Geneva with key discussions on energy cooperation has caught the attention of the mass media. A. held B. to be held C. being held D. having held 8. In small rural communities where neighbors rely on one another, ________ helping others not only enriches people’s lives but also strengthens community bonds. A. being devoted to B. devoted to C. having devoted to D. devote to 9. In another case, amid the morning rush hour on a crowded downtown street, the police spotted a man ________ without his hands on the handlebars while scrolling through his phone. A. to cycle B. cycling C. to be cycling D. being cycling 10. Although first ________ almost 200 years ago, the novels of Jane Austen have remained popular around the world, ________ a lasting legacy of wit, romance, and sharp social observation. A. publishing, left B. being published, having left C. published, leaving D. was published, left Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. Hello, Therapy Cows Bella has no psychology degree, yet her natural talents make her an excellent therapist. She is calm and has the patience to listen to endless problems ____11____ so much as a judgmental moo. Bella comes from a pasture on the Mountain Horse Farm in the Finger Lakes region of New York. She and Bonnie provide animal-based therapy in a guesthouse on the farm. Cow cuddling, as the practice is called, invites interaction with the farm animals via brushing, petting or heartfelt chats. The cows lie down in the grass while chewing their cud, ____12____ (allow) humans to join them on the ground to offer them a warm embrace. The guesthouse is owned by Suzanne and Rudi Vuller. The pair came across “cow hugging” in the Netherlands, on a return visit to their homeland in 2018. In parts of the country, cow cuddling ____13____ (offer) as part of half-day visits, and is part of a larger movement to connect people with country life. The idea of cow cuddling opened the barn gates. In May 2018, they purchased Bonnie and Bella, selecting them ____14____ (两空) their gentle personalities and lack of horns. “A lot of cows are not suited for it,” Mr. Vuller said. “They ____15____ chase you out of the field.” On a recent Saturday, a mother and daughter from upstate New York had traveled to the farm to cuddle some cows. For Karen Hudson, 57, it was a sort of wish fulfillment, ____16____ reminder of the fond childhood memories of visiting her grandmother’s farm. Leading the two excited women onto the field, Mrs. Vuller offered guidance on a successful approach before demonstrating the methods herself. “O posture, not X posture,” she said. “Round the body” to appear ____17____ (threatening). Walk up to the cow’s shoulders ____18____(两空) its back. “Clothing is important,” said Mr. Vuller. “They will slobber (流口水) on you.” (Definite requirement: closed-toe shoes.) “Respect them and their world and what they want to do and what they want to give you,” Suzanne added. Number one advice for everyone: Remain calm. “The more relaxed you are, the better it will be for you and them,” she said. For the final surprise of the day, the farmers invited the visitors to handfeed the cows, ____19____ many participants described as their favorite activity. _____20_____ the cows’ tongues felt like sandpaper, Ms. Hudson said she still enjoyed the experience. It was still better, she said, than receiving a different kind of surprise: Sometimes cows drop things. Section C (A) Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words and phrases in the box. Each can only be used once. Note that there is one more than you need. A. convertible B. expel C. tight D. functional E. recognizable F. fit in with G. miss the point of H. fade away I. set out J. center on K. refer to 21. Many film critics _________ this thought-provoking movie; they see it as a simple action story with thrilling chases and fights, ignoring its deeper reflection on the complexity of human nature. 22. Most small businesses, often face _________ cash flow in the early stages of operation, as they need to allocate funds to product development, marketing campaigns and daily operational costs simultaneously. 23. The bold explorers, eager to uncover the desert’s hidden secrets, _________ at the crack of dawn to cross the vast, sun-scorched desert, equipped with sufficient water reserves and high- precision navigation tools. 24. When writing your academic thesis, you should _________ a wide range of authoritative academic journals, peer-reviewed papers, and the latest cutting-edge research reports in your field to ensure the accuracy, rigor, and credibility. 25. The newly launched laptop boasts a flexible _________ design with a 360-degree rotating hinge, a feature that allows it to be used as both a portable touchscreen tablet for creative drawing and a standard traditional notebook for daily work. 26. The newly developed low-power sensor technology, featuring minimal power drain during operation, can well _________ the strict energy-saving requirements of the Internet of Things devices that are widely used in modern smart homes. 27. Advanced lithium-ion batteries are designed with a built-in safety valve that can _________ excess gas when they are overheated, thereby preventing potential explosions or fires triggered by internal pressure accumulation. 28. The global South’s joint efforts in international affairs increasingly _________ enhancing voice and representation in global governance and promoting common development through solidarity and cooperation. 29. Urban development guidelines focused on high-quality progress emphasize building _________ “dual-purpose” public infrastructure, which serves daily needs normally and transforms into emergency shelters during disasters. 30. As Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde work hand in hand to uncover the truth and break the prejudice against predators, the deep-rooted distrusts and biases between herbivores and carnivores in Zootopia _________. (B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words and phrases in the box. Each can only be used once. Note that there is one more than you need. A. conducts B. base C. limited D. curiosity E. account F. contains G. attempt H. impressive I. contribute J. accessible K. preserved Machhapuchhare — which translates to “fishtail” — is an iconic 6,993 m mountain in central Nepal’s Annapurna range that _____31_____ one of the world’s 10 highest peaks. One winter, I finally hiked to the _____32_____ camp of a smaller peak called Mardi Himal beneath Machhapuchhare. Established in 2012, the short five-day, 40 km trek (艰苦跋涉) reaches a height of 4,500 m and is the closest anyone can get to the peak. That’s because climbing Machhapuchhare is forbidden, which is rare in a country like Nepal that has embraced mountain tourism so enthusiastically that even the world’s highest point — Mt Qomolangma’s 8,848.86m summit — gets overcrowded. But the fact that Machhapuchhare is _____33_____ as a virgin peak can be associated with one man: Lieutenant Colonel James Roberts (1916-1997). He used his _____34_____ about the unknown, passion for adventure and knowledge of the Himalayas to open up the country’s remote mountains for commercial mountaineering and trekking, an industry that has gone on to _____35_____ significantly to Nepal’s economy and local livelihoods. He not only pioneered a golden age of Himalayan exploration, but also made its beauty _____36_____ to the rest of the world when he founded the country’s first trekking agency called Mountain Travel in 1964. In 1957, in a(n) _____37_____ to conquer Machhapuchhare, Roberts organized the first team to summit the mountain, led by Wilfrid Noyce. One thing that stands out in Noyce’s _____38_____ of the climb was the ease with which Roberts let go of his summit dream when logistical (后勤的) issues forced the number of the summit team to be _____39_____to two. Roberts volunteered to take the support team down while Noyce and another climber went ahead with the final summit push. They, too, ended up stopping just 45 m below the summit due to bad weather. After the venture, Roberts made a fairly ______40______ request to the Nepal government: to have the peak restricted and thus to make Machhapuchhare a Himalayan summit that would remain forever unclimbed. Surprisingly, they obliged. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Many people around the world have seen Danny Boyle’s movie Trainspotting based on Irvine Welsh’s novel of the same name and starring Ewan McGregor, but how many of us can really claim to ___41___ what train-spotting is all about? Now this is not considered the coolest hobby in town and the word “train-spotter”, in Britain has become similar in meaning to "geek" or "nerd (蠢货或书呆子),but is this ___42___ really deserved? First of all let’s ___43___ train-spotting. There are said to be some 100,000 train-spotters in the UK. What do they do? Well, exactly as the title suggests, they spot trains, that is, they stand in train stations, look at the serial numbers of the trains that leave and arrive and write them down. The ___44___ is to have seen every train in the country. Being keen on railways and trains is not a ___45___ hobby and dates back to 1804 when Richard Trevithick built the first steam locomotive, which pulled a load of ten tons of iron, 70 men and five wagons along a nine-mile stretch of track in two hours. As the number of trains grew and they got faster and faster, so did the interest in them grow. Is this any ___46___ than people who love cars? So, what do you need to be a train-spotter? Well, it’s a wonderfully ___47___ pastime—all you really need is a pen or pencil and a notebook to write down the train numbers. The modern train-spotter may also carry binoculars(望远镜)and a video camera, but for the purists these are ___48___. It’s interesting to note that despite the stigma(污名）of train-spotting, there have been famous railway ___49___ in history, such as the poet WH Auden, the comedian Michael Palin and, of course, Alfred Hitchcock, who was a fan of trains and featured them regularly in his films, especially The 39 Steps. There is evidence, too, that being a train-spotter is not necessarily a(n) ___50___ British hobby. One glance at the US train sites should be enough to ___51___ you that transatlantic train-spotters are alive and well. In America, they try to call rail fans ‘trainfans' and talk of ‘trainfanning’.. Don’t let this ___52___you—these people are train-spotters and there are a lot of them. Each month, two million pages are visited on the website TrainWeb.org. So call them ‘nerds' or ‘geeks’, but they are here to stay and this is ___53___ not a hobby that is violent or dangerous in any way, nor does it cause any kind of damage to the environment. What do you think is healthier—sitting in front of a TV screen and ___54___ those who do something that doesn’t interest you? Or going out and finding and following your ___55___whatever that happens to be? I know what I think. 41. A. discover B. know C. wonder D. consider 42. A. occupation B. reputation C. ignorance D. practice 43. A. face B. find C. discuss D. define 44. A. aim B. answer C. advice D. approach 45. A. special B. modem C. life-long D. personal 46. A. stranger B. more interesting C. more common D. freer 47. A. relaxing B. weird C. inexpensive D. unpopular 48. A. relieving B. priceless C. sufficient D. unnecessary 49. A. enthusiasts B. engineers C. developers D. passengers 50. A. originally B. peculiarly C. inevitably D. progressively 51. A. warn B. promise C. convince D. disappoint 52. A. hurt B. seize C. oppose D. fool 53. A. formerly B. similarly C. astonishingly D. certainly 54. A. criticizing B. envying C. training D. imitating 55. A. suggestion B. step C. passion D. model Section B Directions：Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I remember the first time I saw a skateboarder roll past me when I was 14 in the early 90s. The skater wove in and out of the schoolchildren. He moved in such a smooth and cool way. He flowed through the crowds in the same way that water finds its natural route. I can still recall with complete clarity the sound of the tail of the skateboard snapping against the road as the skateboarder popped an ollie (豚跳) up onto the pavement. It was the coolest thing I’d ever seen. Why walk to school when you could skate? After serious saving and a request for early birthday funds, I found myself in the skate shop and got my first skateboard. What I didn’t know then was that this first attempt was the beginning of a voyage that would never end. Information and experiences were exchanged and shared with friends. Videos of legendary professionals — Mark Gonzales, Rodney Mullen, Ricky Oyola, Marc Johnson, Chris Miller — were circulated and pored over. But only through dedication and perseverance did my ability and confidence grow. Skateboarding forever alters the way you see urban spaces. Bland 1960s architectural eyesores (碍眼建筑) become a creative challenge which awaits the novel exploration of a skater. With the streets as your playground, loyal friendships are formed. You roam like a wolf pack, hunting out new challenges and opportunities. And as my skateboarding years rolled by, my friends and I journeyed further into the unknown (and sometimes untouched) architectural skate spots around the globe. Relationships with fellow skateboarders get past borders because the sport brings with it a bond of sincerity. You know endless good times await. You’re a global conqueror aboard four wheels and seven layers of Canadian plywood (胶合板). There are no shortcuts in the sport. As a creative subculture, skateboarding is big business for sure, but the ability to flow confidently on a skateboard is no easy thing to achieve. To succeed at anything worthy of the effort, you need patience and dedication — skateboarding is no different. I’m now 36, and, as I continue to age, my adventures as a skateboarder will go on. While tricks come and go for the most part, it’s the feeling of fluidly (流畅地) moving through time and space that spurs a skateboarder on. Skateboarding is an extension of play and of that, I shall never tire. 56. According to the article, why did the author first set foot on a skateboard? A. He got a skateboard as a birthday gift. B. He was interested in the culture of skateboarding. C. He was impressed by a stranger’s skateboarding skills. D. He wanted a convenient means of transportation to get to school. 57. The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “____”. A. highly praised B. carefully studied C. fully expected D. warmly discussed 58. According to the author, what makes skateboarding appealing? ①It provides skateboarders with a great deal of fun. ②It allows one to explore urban spaces in a different way. ③It helps skateboarders form close friendships with each other. ④It offers opportunities to travel globally to conquer new skating spots A. ②③ B. ①②④ C. ②③④ D. ①②③④ 59. We can learn from the article that the most important factors in having extraordinary skateboard skills are ____. A. patience and dedication B. interest and courage C. the experiences of professionals D. good interpersonal relationships (B) Running is a great form of exercise. However, running under certain conditions can cause a variety of injuries. The National Running Association recently released the results of its latest survey on common running injuries, as illustrated in the picture on the right. According to the survey results, the most reported cases are related to knee injury and muscle pull, with the former occurring a little less frequently. About a quarter of the respondents say they have had plantar fasciitis, The number of respondents suffering from Achilles tendonitis or shin splints is nearly twice that of those with stress fracture, which is also what fewest respondents report. There are two main causes of running injury: structural imbalance and training volume. Structural imbalance occurs when a certain muscle group is weak and requires other muscle groups to help. The body adapts to stresses and becomes stronger. This is the basic principle of training. However, if you push too fast or run too far, you can stress the body in such a way that it never has time to fully recover. Training progression and moderation are the keys to avoiding overuse injury. Here are several ways to avoid running injury. ● Prepare your body for running by walking. ● Understand your body type and be patient. ● Follow a sensible training plan or find a coach. ● Wear the right shoes. The cause of the injury is not easy to diagnose. For example, a foot problem can cause a problem in the knees or back. Finding and treating the cause of a running injury is the job of a trained doctor. More importantly, listen to your body and recognize the signs of overtraining so that you can avoid running injury. 60. Which group of injuries best fits the blanks numbered ①, ②, ③ and ④ in the picture? A. ① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ stress fracture; ④ shin splints B. ① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ stress fracture; ④ Achilles tendonitis C. ① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ shin splints; ④ stress fracture D. ① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ Achilles tendonitis; ④ stress fracture 61. According to the passage, which of the following leads to structural imbalance? A. Using some muscles more intensely than others. B. Training weak muscles more often than strong ones. C. Adapting your body to stresses slowly. D. Giving your body little time to recover. 62. According to the passage, if you want to find out why your back and knees hurt after running. you had better _____. A turn to a coach for help B. consult a trained doctor C. understand your body type first D. wear another pair of running shoes (C) Donna Leon first launched herself as a crime writer in 1991 with Death at La Fenice, which saw a conductor poisoned in mid-performance at the Venice opera house. “It was an idea that kind of grew,” she says. “I had a friend at the opera house. One day we were complaining about the conductor — and we thought it would be a laugh to make him the victim in a crime novel, which I went off and wrote. But that’s all it was meant to be. I was lucky to be born without ambition, and I had none for this book. Then I sent it off to a competition, and six months later they wrote back to say I’d won. I got a contract, and suddenly I had a purpose in life, a mission.” To hear her talk, you’d think that until Death at La Fenice she’d been living in obscurity (冷门). Not so. She was a well-known academic teaching English literature at universities in the USA and Europe. But she found that she wasn’t really cut out for university life, and finally decided to walk out on it. “You’d be surprised how many academics do read murder mystery though,” she adds. “It’s what you want after a day of literary debate.” That said, Ms. Leon is big business. She sells in large numbers and her books are translated into nineteen languages. “All of which is satisfying for me personally, and I don’t mean to rubbish my own work, but murder mystery is a craft, not an art. Some people go to crime conferences and deliver learned papers on the way Agatha Christie presents her characters, but they’re out of their minds. I stay away from such events.” Leon also stays away from what crime writers often love, like courtrooms and police stations — “I’ve only known two policemen, neither of them well,” — which accounts for the absence of technical legal detail in the books. What’s more, the few points of police procedure that appear are usually invented — as, she admits, they’re bound to be when you set a murder series in a place where murders never happen. “Venice is small, compact, protected by its geography — there’s really not much crime.” Clearly the key thing about her murder stories isn’t credibility. Predictability comes closer to the mark: setting a series in a fixed location that the reader finds attractive, with a constant cast of characters. And that’s what Donna Leon does. Her unique selling point is Venice which, as the reviewers always say, comes through with such vitality and forcefulness in Leon’s writing that you can smell it. There’s a set cast of characters, led by a middle-aged detective, Commissario Brunietti, and his wife. Then there are her standard jokes — often to do with food. The eating is a literary device — part of the pattern of each novel, into which she puts the plot. 63. What is suggested about the novel Death at La Fenice in the first paragraph? A. Donna didn’t take the work very seriously. B. Donna longed to win a prize with her work. C. Donna relied on it as a way of changing her life. D. Donna based the story on an event she had witnessed. 64. From Donna’s comments in the third paragraph, we understand that ____. A. she feels crime fiction should be considered alongside other types of literature B. she is pleased with the level of recognition that her own novels have received C. she finds the popularity of crime novels amongst academics very satisfying D. she regards her own novels as inferior to those of Agatha Christie 65. Donna is described as an untypical crime writer because ____. A. she is unconcerned whether or not her stories appear realistic B. she has little interest in the ways criminals think and operate C. she manages to come up with imaginative new ideas for her plots D. she is able to imagine crimes being committed by unlikely characters 66. Donna’s greatest strength as a crime writer is seen as ____. A. her hidden sense of humour B. the way she deals with Venice C. her avoidance of a fixed approach D. the clear moral message she puts across (D) Look around on your next plane trip. Younger school-aged children read stories on smartphones; older boys don't read at all, but play video games. Parents and other passengers read on Kindles or skim emails and news feeds. An invisible transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit(神经元回路）that underlies the brain’s ability to read is changing—a change with implications for everyone from the pre-reading kids to the expert adult. As work in neurosciences indicates, the ability to read necessitated a new circuit in our species’ brain more than 6.000 years ago. That circuit evolved from a very simple mechanism (机能)for decoding basic information, like the number of goats, to the present, complicated reading brain. My research describes how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy (共鸣): critical analysis and the generation of insight. Research conducted in many parts of the world now warns that each of these essential “deep reading” processes may be under threat as we move into digital-based reading. This is not a simple issue of print VS digital reading and technological innovation. As MIT scholar Sherry Turkle has written, we do not err(犯错）as a society when we innovate, but when we ignore what we destroy or weaken while innovating. At this moment between print and digital cultures, society needs to face what is being weakened in the expert reading circuit, and what we can do about it. We know from research that the reading circuit is not given to human beings through a genetic blueprint like vision or language; it needs an environment to develop. Further, it will adapt to that environment’s requirements—from different writing systems to the characteristics of whatever medium is used. If the dominant medium advantages processes that are fast, multi-task oriented and well-suited for large volumes of information, like the current digital medium, so will the reading circuit. As UCLA psychologist Patricia Greenfield writes, the result is that less attention and time will be devoted to slower, time-demanding deep reading processes, like inference, critical analysis and empathy, all of which are necessary to learning at any age. There's an old rule in neuroscience that does not alter with age: use it or lose it. It is a very hopeful principle when applied to critical thought in the reading brain because it implies choice. The story of the changing reading brain is hardly finished. We possess both the science and the technology to identify and redress the changes in how we read before they become deep-rooted. If we work to understand exactly what we will lose, alongside the extraordinary new functions that the digital world has brought us, there is as much reason for excitement as caution. 67. The first paragraph is meant to____________. A. explain a theory related to reading brains B. introduce a change in people’s reading habits C. complain about people’s reading less and less D. draw attention to the unusual environment on board 68. What can be inferred from the passage about the reading circuit? A. It is not what we are born with. B. It existed for longer than human beings. C. It enables us to recognize others’ feelings. D. It was a main contributor to the writing system. 69. According to the writer, what is the very thing that we ignore, destroy or weaken while we are innovating our way to read now? A. How long our attention lasts. B. Print technologies. C. Deep reading processes. D. Learning strategies for people of all ages. 70. Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A. The old rule of “use it or lose it” doesn’t apply well in today’s fast developing world. B. Science and technology are to blame for what we have lost while entering a digital age. C. Deep-rooted principles will prevent us identifying and redressing the changes in reading. D. We should evaluate how we read now before moving quickly into digital-based reading. (E) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Much Does Your Name Influence Your Future? “I still have people call me and say ‘Hey, do you know that your name is a bird name?’” laughs Carla Dove. As a researcher at a feather identification lab in Washington, D.C., Dove does spend all day thinking about birds — doves included. Similarly, Greg Pond works as an aquatic (水生的) biologist, studying water bodies of the U.S. Northeast. “My path is water, and all the things that live in it,” says Pond. Pond and Dove are what’s known as aptronyms, or people with names that fit their careers. ____71____ After all, last names such as Baker, Barber, Miner and many others originally grew out of a person’s or family’s occupation. Today, though, people have more options for work than ever before. “Sometimes I find out that some people think I changed my name because I was so satisfied with my career,” says Betsy Weatherhead, an atmospheric (大气的) scientist. “And that’s just not the case.” All of this does bring up an interesting question — can a person’s name influence the path of their life? ____72____ It’s an old Scottish name that refers to goat herders. The people in her hometown didn’t know this and would often say to her, “‘Hey, what’s the weather, Weatherhead?’ ” she says. “And I hated it, because when you’re 11 years old, you want to be known as your unique, individual self.” Despite the negative associations, her name did play a role in leading her to the field of climatology (气候学). Because of a change in policies, Weatherhead lost her graduate school position. She then applied for a summer job doing calculations for an atmospheric scientist. The job had nearly a dozen applicants, but she was later told that it was her name that put her application over the top. The scientist was walking around going, “Weatherhead. Weatherhead. We’ve got to hire her!” ____73____ In a 2015 study, Brett Pelham, a professor of psychology, used census (人口普查) data to look for evidence of implicit egotism. The term refers to the tendency for humans to be attracted by people, places or things that are similar to them. “We found that for aptronyms, men with those surnames were noticeably over-represented in those occupations,” says Pelham. Another interesting finding is that a person named Dennis or Denise would be more likely to become a dentist, compared to a lawyer. ____74____ Even so, if you look at the entire data in psychological studies, there’s evidence that we certainly don’t always have free will, he notes. A. Interestingly, there may be some psychological effects at work. B. Weatherhead says her last name’s origin has nothing to do with the weather. C. Pelham warns that the effects seen in these kinds of studies tend to be small. D. Lots of people have noticed the seeming link between their name and their career. E. These findings seem to provide a scientific account for this interesting phenomenon. F. Historically, in the Western world, being an aptronym probably would have been much more common than it is today. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea of each paragraph in one complete sentence. Attitudes to Dirt: A Historical Shift and Modern Debates 75. In the early 16th century people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. 76. Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? 77. Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 78. 沉迷于网络短剧是他这次考试失利的原因。(blame)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 79. 数据显示，相较于儿童和成年人，青少年为了打动同伴，更容易去冒险，因为他们想炫耀和获得尊重。(likely)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 80. 坐落于地球上最寒冷的大陆，这个生动呈现了斯科特极地探险的小屋告诉我们人类精神永无止境。（bring）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________ 81. 观众们惊喜地发现这位老师奇特的教学方式对那些被前任老师认为是不可教的学生产生了积极的影响。(effect) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 82. 一直以来，这位年轻的科学家不断突破自我极限，最终达成研发新智能操作系统的志向，能操作系统，其目前被广泛应用于家用电器。（limit n.）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 83. AI 学习工具（如智能作业助手、个性化辅导 APP）在高中生群体中日益普及。有人认为其提升学习效率，补全知识漏洞；也有人担忧它削弱独立思考，导致过度依赖。你如何看待高中生使用AI 学习工具，请结合个人经历，谈谈你的看法与理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市曹杨二中2025-2026学年高一上学期期末考试 英语试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. —Was Mary in the office when you arrived there? —Yes, but she ________ soon afterwards. A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：——你到那里的时候玛丽在办公室吗？——在的，但她之后很快就离开了。arrived是过去的动作，leave发生在arrived之后、也是过去的动作，用一般过去时即可表示过去相继发生的动作。故选B项。 2. — What were you doing when I phoned you last night? — I ________ my painting and was starting to take a bath. A. have already finished B. was finishing C. had just finished D. was going to finish 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：——我昨晚给你打电话的时候你在做什么？——我刚完成我的画作，正要去洗澡。finish这个动作发生在phoned和was starting to take a bath之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时表示动作在过去某个时间点前已经完成。故选C项。 3. He was born in 1841 and was brought up on his father’s farm, in the hard rough way ________ peasant children in France are always accustomed. A. that B. to which C. in which D. which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他生于1841年，在父亲的农场里被抚养长大，法国农家孩子向来习惯的就是这种艰苦粗粝的生活方式。先行词是the hard rough way，定语从句中包含固定搭配be accustomed to，意为“习惯于”，关系词指代先行词作介词to的宾语，故用to which引导定语从句。故选B项。 4. When traveling to meetings in unfamiliar areas with confusing road signs or unreliable navigation, there are many reasons ________ could explain ________ people are late all the time. A. that, why B. why, that C. which, what D. that, what 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和宾语从句。句意：在前往陌生地区参加会议，面对混乱的路标或不可靠的导航时，有很多原因可以解释人们为什么总是迟到。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是many reasons，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用that引导；第二空引导宾语从句，作explain的宾语，从句中不缺主语和宾语，结合句意，缺少原因状语，应用连接副词why引导，表示“为什么”。故选A项。 5. It is generally accepted that the Chinese were the earliest ________ football while the Europeans established the modern rules for football. A. played B. playing C. to play D. having played 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们普遍认为，中国人是最早踢足球的，而欧洲人则制定了足球的现代规则。本句谓语为were，此处为非谓语动词，名词前有最高级修饰时，用不定式to play作后置定语。故选C。 6. I'm glad ________a chance to visit your country, which has really given me a wonderful impression. A. to give B. to have given C. to be given D. to have been given 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很高兴有机会访问贵国，这给我留下了美好的印象。be glad to do sth.意为“对做某事感到高兴”。根据句意可知，“我”与“给与机会”是被动关系，故使用不定式的被动式，排除答案A、C。又因该动作发生在过去，故用动词不定式的完成式的被动结构。故选D。 7. The conference currently ________ in Geneva with key discussions on energy cooperation has caught the attention of the mass media. A. held B. to be held C. being held D. having held 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：目前正在日内瓦召开的、以能源合作为核心议题的会议引起了大众媒体的关注。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰The conference，conference（会议）与 hold（举办）是被动关系，排除主动形式的 D（having held）；句中currently（目前、此刻）是关键标志词，说明会议正在被举办，所以为现在分词的被动结构。故选C项。 8. In small rural communities where neighbors rely on one another, ________ helping others not only enriches people’s lives but also strengthens community bonds. A. being devoted to B. devoted to C. having devoted to D. devote to 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在邻里之间彼此相依的乡村小社区里，致力于帮助他人不仅能丰富人们的生活，还能加强社区的联系。此处为非谓语动词作主语，be devoted to是固定搭配，意为“致力于”，此处用其动名词形式。故选A项。 9. In another case, amid the morning rush hour on a crowded downtown street, the police spotted a man ________ without his hands on the handlebars while scrolling through his phone. A. to cycle B. cycling C. to be cycling D. being cycling 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在另一起事件中，在市中心一条拥挤街道的早高峰时段，警方发现一名男子骑车时双手未握车把，还在刷手机。spot后接复合宾语，常用“spot+宾语+宾补”的结构，此处动词cycle与宾语a man是主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，应用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。故选B项。 10. Although first ________ almost 200 years ago, the novels of Jane Austen have remained popular around the world, ________ a lasting legacy of wit, romance, and sharp social observation. A. publishing, left B. being published, having left C. published, leaving D. was published, left 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管简·奥斯汀的小说首次出版于近200年前，但它们至今在全球依然受欢迎，留下了充满机智、浪漫与敏锐社会洞察的不朽遗产。第一空为非谓语动词作让步状语，动词publish与逻辑主语the novels是被动关系，应用过去分词形式表被动；第二空为非谓语动词作结果状语，动词leave与逻辑主语the novels是主动关系，应用现在分词形式表自然而然的结果。故选C项。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. Hello, Therapy Cows Bella has no psychology degree, yet her natural talents make her an excellent therapist. She is calm and has the patience to listen to endless problems ____11____ so much as a judgmental moo. Bella comes from a pasture on the Mountain Horse Farm in the Finger Lakes region of New York. She and Bonnie provide animal-based therapy in a guesthouse on the farm. Cow cuddling, as the practice is called, invites interaction with the farm animals via brushing, petting or heartfelt chats. The cows lie down in the grass while chewing their cud, ____12____ (allow) humans to join them on the ground to offer them a warm embrace. The guesthouse is owned by Suzanne and Rudi Vuller. The pair came across “cow hugging” in the Netherlands, on a return visit to their homeland in 2018. In parts of the country, cow cuddling ____13____ (offer) as part of half-day visits, and is part of a larger movement to connect people with country life. The idea of cow cuddling opened the barn gates. In May 2018 they purchased Bonnie and Bella, selecting them ____14____ (两空) their gentle personalities and lack of horns. “A lot of cows are not suited for it,” Mr. Vuller said. “They ____15____ chase you out of the field.” On a recent Saturday, a mother and daughter from upstate New York had traveled to the farm to cuddle some cows. For Karen Hudson, 57, it was a sort of wish fulfillment, ____16____ reminder of the fond childhood memories of visiting her grandmother’s farm. Leading the two excited women onto the field, Mrs. Vuller offered guidance on a successful approach before demonstrating the methods herself. “O posture, not X posture,” she said. “Round the body” to appear ____17____ (threatening). Walk up to the cow’s shoulders ____18____(两空) its back. “Clothing is important,” said Mr. Vuller. “They will slobber (流口水) on you.” (Definite requirement: closed-toe shoes.) “Respect them and their world and what they want to do and what they want to give you,” Suzanne added. Number one advice for everyone: Remain calm. “The more relaxed you are, the better it will be for you and them,” she said. For the final surprise of the day, the farmers invited the visitors to handfeed the cows, ____19____ many participants described as their favorite activity. _____20_____ the cows’ tongues felt like sandpaper, Ms. Hudson said she still enjoyed the experience. It was still better, she said, than receiving a different kind of surprise: Sometimes cows drop things. 【答案】11. without 12. allowing 13. is offered##has been offered 14. because of##due to##owing to 15. can##could##may##might 16. a 17. less threatening 18. rather than##instead of 19. which 20. Although##Though##While 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍美国纽约一处农场推出的奶牛依偎疗法，该疗法源自荷兰，能帮人们舒缓情绪，体验时也有诸多相关的注意事项。 【11题详解】 考查介词。句意：贝拉性情沉稳，即便听着没完没了的烦心事，也不会发出一丝带有评判意味的哞叫，颇有耐心。此处表示“没有，毫无”，用介词without，后接名词性成分，此处表示“贝拉毫无评判的状态”。故填without。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：奶牛们卧在草地上反刍，让人类可以走到地上，与它们来一个温暖的拥抱。此处为非谓语动词作状语，The cows与allow为主动关系，用allow的现在分词allowing。故填allowing。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：在荷兰的一些地区，奶牛依偎体验会作为半日游的一部分提供给游客，这也是让人们亲近乡村生活这一更大运动的一部分。此处描述客观情况可用一般现在时，也可强调从过去到现在的状态用现在完成时；cow cuddling与offer为被动关系，主语为第三人称单数。故填is offered/has been offered。 【14题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：2018年5月，他们买下了邦妮和贝拉，挑选它们是因为二者性情温顺，而且没有角。此处表原因，后接名词短语their gentle personalities and lack of horns，用表原因的介词短语because of/due to/owing to。故填because of/due to/owing to。 【15题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：它们可能会把你赶出田地。空后为动词原形，此处使用情态动词，结合句意，此处表示“能够、可能”，说明不适合的奶牛会出现的情况，用情态动词can/could/may/might，符合语境中的推测语气。故填can/could/may/might。 【16题详解】 考查冠词。句意：57岁的卡伦·哈德森说，这算是圆梦了，也让她想起了儿时去祖母农场的美好回忆。此处表泛指“一种提醒，一个念想”，reminder是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 【17题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：身体蜷起来，让自己看起来没那么有威胁性。根据前文的姿势指导，可知是要让奶牛感觉不到威胁，用threatening的比较级less threatening，意为“没那么有威胁的”。故填less threatening。 【18题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：走到奶牛的肩膀处，而不是后背处。结合句意，此处表“而不是”，后接名词its back，且为两词的短语，应用固定搭配rather than/instead of，符合逻辑。故填rather than/instead of。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：作为当天最后的惊喜，农场主们邀请游客亲手喂奶牛，很多参与者都说这是他们最喜欢的环节。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为handfeed the cows这个动作，在从句中作described的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 【20题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管奶牛的舌头摸起来像砂纸一样，哈德森女士说她还是很享受这次体验。前半句表让步，后半句表转折，用连词although/though/while，意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Although/Though/While。 Section C (A) Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words and phrases in the box. Each can only be used once. Note that there is one more than you need. A. convertible B. expel C. tight D. functional E. recognizable F. fit in with G. miss the point of H. fade away I. set out J. center on K. refer to 21. Many film critics _________ this thought-provoking movie; they see it as a simple action story with thrilling chases and fights, ignoring its deeper reflection on the complexity of human nature. 22. Most small businesses, often face _________ cash flow in the early stages of operation, as they need to allocate funds to product development, marketing campaigns and daily operational costs simultaneously. 23. The bold explorers, eager to uncover the desert’s hidden secrets, _________ at the crack of dawn to cross the vast, sun-scorched desert, equipped with sufficient water reserves and high- precision navigation tools. 24. When writing your academic thesis, you should _________ a wide range of authoritative academic journals, peer-reviewed papers, and the latest cutting-edge research reports in your field to ensure the accuracy, rigor, and credibility. 25. The newly launched laptop boasts a flexible _________ design with a 360-degree rotating hinge, a feature that allows it to be used as both a portable touchscreen tablet for creative drawing and a standard traditional notebook for daily work. 26. The newly developed low-power sensor technology, featuring minimal power drain during operation, can well _________ the strict energy-saving requirements of the Internet of Things devices that are widely used in modern smart homes. 27. Advanced lithium-ion batteries are designed with a built-in safety valve that can _________ excess gas when they are overheated, thereby preventing potential explosions or fires triggered by internal pressure accumulation. 28. The global South’s joint efforts in international affairs increasingly _________ enhancing voice and representation in global governance and promoting common development through solidarity and cooperation. 29. Urban development guidelines focused on high-quality progress emphasize building _________ “dual-purpose” public infrastructure, which serves daily needs normally and transforms into emergency shelters during disasters. 30. As Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde work hand in hand to uncover the truth and break the prejudice against predators, the deep-rooted distrusts and biases between herbivores and carnivores in Zootopia _________. 【答案】21. G 22. C 23. I 24. K 25. A 26. F 27. B 28. J 29. D 30. H 【解析】 【21题详解】 考查固定短语和时态。句意：许多影评人没能理解这部发人深省的电影的主旨，他们将其视为一部充斥着惊险追逐和打斗的简单动作片，忽视了其对人性复杂性的深层反思。根据“they see it as a simple action story...ignoring its deeper reflection”可知，此处指影评人未能理解电影的深层意义，miss the point of为固定短语，意为“没能理解……的主旨”，句子描述客观情况，应用一般现在时，主语Many film critics为复数，谓语动词用原形。故选G项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：大多数小型企业在经营初期往往面临现金流紧张的问题，因为它们需要同时将资金分配到产品开发、营销活动和日常运营成本上。根据“need to allocate funds to...simultaneously”可知，此处指现金流紧张，tight为形容词，意为“紧张的”，修饰名词cash flow，符合语境。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查固定短语和时态。句意：那些渴望揭开沙漠隐藏秘密的勇敢探险家们，天一亮就出发穿越这片广袤炙热的沙漠，随身配备了充足的储水设备和高精度的导航工具。根据“at the crack of dawn to cross the vast, sun-scorched desert”可知，此处指探险家出发前往沙漠，set out为固定短语，意为“出发；动身”，句子描述过去的动作，应用一般过去时，set的过去式为set。故选I项。 【24题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：撰写学术论文时，你应该参考所在领域的各类权威学术期刊、同行评审论文以及最新的前沿研究报告，以确保论文的准确性、严谨性和可信度。根据“authoritative academic journals, peer-reviewed papers...”可知，此处指撰写论文时的参考行为，refer to为固定短语，意为“参考；查阅”，情态动词should后接动词原形。故选K项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这款新推出的笔记本电脑拥有灵活的可翻转设计，配备360度旋转铰链，这一特性使其既可以作为用于创意绘画的便携式触屏平板，也可以作为用于日常工作的标准传统笔记本。根据“a 360-degree rotating hinge”可知，此处指可翻转的设计，convertible为形容词，意为“可改变的；可翻转的”，修饰名词design，符合语境。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：新研发的低功耗传感器技术运行时耗电量极低，能很好地符合广泛应用于现代智能家居的物联网设备的严格节能要求。根据“the strict energy-saving requirements”可知，此处指技术符合节能要求，fit in with为固定短语，意为“符合；适应”，情态动词can后接动词原形。故选F项。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：先进的锂离子电池设计有内置安全阀，当电池过热时，该阀门能排出多余的气体，从而防止因内部压力积聚引发的潜在爆炸或火灾。根据“excess gas”及“preventing potential explosions or fires”可知，此处指排出多余气体，expel为动词，意为“排出；驱逐”，情态动词can后接动词原形。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查固定短语和时态。句意：全球南方国家在国际事务中的共同努力日益以提升其在全球治理中的话语权和代表性、通过团结合作促进共同发展为核心。根据“enhancing voice and representation...promoting common development”可知，此处指努力的核心内容，center on为固定短语，意为“以……为核心；围绕”，句子描述客观情况，应用一般现在时，主语efforts为复数，谓语动词用原形。故选J项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：以高质量发展为核心的城市发展指导方针强调建设实用的“两用”公共基础设施，这类设施平时满足日常需求，灾时可改造为应急避难所。根据“serves daily needs normally and transforms into emergency shelters during disasters”可知，此处指基础设施具备实用功能，functional为形容词，意为“实用的；功能齐全的”，修饰名词infrastructure，符合语境。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查固定短语和时态。句意：随着朱迪·霍普斯和尼克·王尔德携手揭开真相、打破对食肉动物的偏见，疯狂动物城中食草动物和食肉动物之间根深蒂固的猜忌与偏见逐渐消失。根据“work hand in hand to uncover the truth and break the prejudice”可知，此处指偏见和猜忌逐渐消失，fade away为固定短语，意为“逐渐消失；慢慢褪去”，句子描述故事中的情节发展，应用一般过去时，fade的过去式为faded。故选H项。 (B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words and phrases in the box. Each can only be used once. Note that there is one more than you need. A. conducts B. base C. limited D. curiosity E. account F. contains G. attempt H. impressive I. contribute J. accessible K. preserved Machhapuchhare — which translates to “fishtail” — is an iconic 6,993 m mountain in central Nepal’s Annapurna range that _____31_____ one of the world’s 10 highest peaks. One winter, I finally hiked to the _____32_____ camp of a smaller peak called Mardi Himal beneath Machhapuchhare. Established in 2012, the short five-day, 40 km trek (艰苦跋涉) reaches a height of 4,500 m and is the closest anyone can get to the peak. That’s because climbing Machhapuchhare is forbidden, which is rare in a country like Nepal that has embraced mountain tourism so enthusiastically that even the world’s highest point — Mt Qomolangma’s 8,848.86m summit — gets overcrowded. But the fact that Machhapuchhare is _____33_____ as a virgin peak can be associated with one man: Lieutenant Colonel James Roberts (1916-1997). He used his _____34_____ about the unknown, passion for adventure and knowledge of the Himalayas to open up the country’s remote mountains for commercial mountaineering and trekking, an industry that has gone on to _____35_____ significantly to Nepal’s economy and local livelihoods. He not only pioneered a golden age of Himalayan exploration, but also made its beauty _____36_____ to the rest of the world when he founded the country’s first trekking agency called Mountain Travel in 1964. In 1957, in a(n) _____37_____ to conquer Machhapuchhare, Roberts organized the first team to summit the mountain, led by Wilfrid Noyce. One thing that stands out in Noyce’s _____38_____ of the climb was the ease with which Roberts let go of his summit dream when logistical (后勤) issues forced the number of the summit team to be _____39_____to two. Roberts volunteered to take the support team down while Noyce and another climber went ahead with the final summit push. They, too, ended up stopping just 45 m below the summit due to bad weather. After the venture, Roberts made a fairly ______40______ request to the Nepal government: to have the peak restricted and thus to make Machhapuchhare a Himalayan summit that would remain forever unclimbed. Surprisingly, they obliged. 【答案】31. F 32. B 33. K 34. D 35. I 36. J 37. G 38. E 39 C 40. H 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍尼泊尔鱼尾峰因詹姆斯·罗伯茨的提议成为未被攀登的山峰，讲述其为尼泊尔登山旅游业发展的贡献及相关经历。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：鱼尾峰是尼泊尔中部安纳普尔纳山脉一座标志性的6993米山峰，位列世界十大高峰之一。根据“one of the world’s 10 highest peaks”可知，此处指鱼尾峰包含在世界十大高峰的范畴内，contains意为“包含，位列”，符合语境。故选F。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：一个冬天，我终于徒步登上了鱼尾峰脚下一座名为马尔迪喜马拉雅的小山峰的大本营。根据“camp of a smaller peak”及登山相关语境可知，此处指登山的大本营，base意为“基地”，base camp为固定搭配，意为“大本营”，符合语境。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：但鱼尾峰被保留为处女峰这一事实与一个人有关——詹姆斯·罗伯茨中校。根据前文“climbing Machhapuchhare is forbidden”可知，鱼尾峰禁止攀登，被保留为未被攀登的山峰，preserved意为“保留，保护”，be preserved as为固定表达，符合语境。故选K。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：他凭借对未知事物的好奇心、对冒险的热情以及对喜马拉雅山脉的了解，为商业登山和徒步旅行开辟了这个国家偏远的山区。根据“about the unknown”可知，此处指对未知事物的好奇，curiosity意为“好奇心”，curiosity about为固定搭配，意为“对……的好奇心”，符合语境。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：这一行业后来为尼泊尔的经济和当地民生做出了重大贡献。根据“significantly to Nepal’s economy and local livelihoods”可知，此处指登山旅游业对尼泊尔的经济和民生起到促进作用，contribute意为“贡献”，contribute to为固定搭配，意为“为……做贡献”，符合语境。故选I。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：1964年，他创立了尼泊尔第一家徒步旅行机构“山地旅行”，不仅开创了喜马拉雅探索的黄金时代，还让世界其他地方得以领略它的美。根据“to the rest of the world”可知，此处指让喜马拉雅的美被世界其他地方接触到，accessible意为“可到达的，可接触的”，be accessible to为固定搭配，意为“对……来说可接触的”，符合语境。故选J。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：1957年，为了尝试征服鱼尾峰，罗伯茨组织了第一支登顶队伍，由威尔弗里德·诺伊斯带队。根据“to conquer Machhapuchhare”可知，此处指罗伯茨为征服鱼尾峰所做的尝试，attempt意为“尝试”，in an attempt to为固定搭配，意为“试图，为了”，符合语境。故选G。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：在诺伊斯对这次攀登的叙述中，有一点尤为突出：当后勤问题迫使登顶队伍人数缩减至两人时，罗伯茨坦然放弃了自己的登顶梦想。根据“of the climb”及后文对攀登过程的描述可知，此处指诺伊斯对这次攀登的记录和叙述，account意为“叙述，描述”，account of为固定搭配，意为“对……的叙述”，符合语境。故选E。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在诺伊斯对这次攀登的叙述中，有一点尤为突出：当后勤问题迫使登顶队伍人数缩减至两人时，罗伯茨坦然放弃了自己的登顶梦想。根据“to two”可知，此处指登顶队伍的人数被限制在两人，limited意为“有限的”，be limited to为固定搭配，意为“被限制在……”，符合语境。故选C。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这次尝试后，罗伯茨向尼泊尔政府提出了一个相当令人瞩目的请求：限制攀登这座山峰，让鱼尾峰成为一座永远未被攀登的喜马拉雅山峰。根据“to have the peak restricted and thus to make Machhapuchhare a Himalayan summit that would remain forever unclimbed”可知，罗伯茨的这个请求与众不同、令人瞩目，impressive意为“令人瞩目的，印象深刻的”，修饰request，符合语境。故选H。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Many people around the world have seen Danny Boyle’s movie Trainspotting based on Irvine Welsh’s novel of the same name and starring Ewan McGregor, but how many of us can really claim to ___41___ what train-spotting is all about? Now this is not considered the coolest hobby in town and the word “train-spotter”, in Britain has become similar in meaning to "geek" or "nerd (蠢货或书呆子),but is this ___42___ really deserved? First of all, let’s ___43___ train-spotting. There are said to be some 100,000 train-spotters in the UK. What do they do? Well, exactly as the title suggests, they spot trains, that is, they stand in train stations, look at the serial numbers of the trains that leave and arrive and write them down. The ___44___ is to have seen every train in the country. Being keen on railways and trains is not a ___45___ hobby and dates back to 1804 when Richard Trevithick built the first steam locomotive, which pulled a load of ten tons of iron, 70 men and five wagons along a nine-mile stretch of track in two hours. As the number of trains grew and they got faster and faster, so did the interest in them grow. Is this any ___46___ than people who love cars? So, what do you need to be a train-spotter? Well, it’s a wonderfully ___47___ pastime—all you really need is a pen or pencil and a notebook to write down the train numbers. The modern train-spotter may also carry binoculars(望远镜)and a video camera, but for the purists these are ___48___. It’s interesting to note that despite the stigma(污名）of train-spotting, there have been famous railway ___49___ in history, such as the poet WH Auden, the comedian Michael Palin and, of course, Alfred Hitchcock, who was a fan of trains and featured them regularly in his films, especially The 39 Steps. There is evidence, too, that being a train-spotter is not necessarily a(n) ___50___ British hobby. One glance at the US train sites should be enough to ___51___ you that transatlantic train-spotters are alive and well. In America, they try to call rail fans ‘trainfans' and talk of ‘trainfanning’.. Don’t let this ___52___you—these people are train-spotters and there are a lot of them. Each month, two million pages are visited on the website TrainWeb.org. So call them ‘nerds' or ‘geeks’, but they are here to stay and this is ___53___ not a hobby that is violent or dangerous in any way, nor does it cause any kind of damage to the environment. What do you think is healthier—sitting in front of a TV screen and ___54___ those who do something that doesn’t interest you? Or going out and finding and following your ___55___whatever that happens to be? I know what I think. 41. A. discover B. know C. wonder D. consider 42. A. occupation B. reputation C. ignorance D. practice 43. A. face B. find C. discuss D. define 44. A. aim B. answer C. advice D. approach 45. A. special B. modem C. life-long D. personal 46. A. stranger B. more interesting C. more common D. freer 47. A. relaxing B. weird C. inexpensive D. unpopular 48. A. relieving B. priceless C. sufficient D. unnecessary 49. A. enthusiasts B. engineers C. developers D. passengers 50. A. originally B. peculiarly C. inevitably D. progressively 51. A. warn B. promise C. convince D. disappoint 52. A. hurt B. seize C. oppose D. fool 53. A. formerly B. similarly C. astonishingly D. certainly 54. A. criticizing B. envying C. training D. imitating 55. A. suggestion B. step C. passion D. model 【答案】41. B 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. D 53. D 54. A 55. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了，火车观察员被叫作蠢货和书呆子这是错误的。其实猜火车就是一个普通的爱好，它和喜欢车，喜欢画一样，且对环境没有伤害，是个不错的爱好。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界各地的许多人已经看到Danny Boyle的电影“猜火车”，这部电影是基于欧文威尔士的同名小说改编，由Ewan主演，但是我们中有多少人可以真正说知道猜火车是关于什么吗？A. discover发现； B. know知道；C. wonder想知道；D. consider考虑，认为。联系本句句意，看过电影但却很少有人知道猜火车真正是什么。故选B项。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在这种行为已经不是最了不起的爱好了，而且在英国“火车观察员”和蠢货书呆子几乎是一个意思，但这名声真的值吗？A. occupation职业；B. reputation名声；C. ignorance无知； D. practice惯例，练习。“蠢货和书呆子”是别人对火车观察员的恶称，即不好的名声。故选B项。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，让我们来弄明白“猜火车”。A. face面临；B. find找到；C. discuss讨论；D. define下定义，弄明白。根据下文提到的关于火车观察员的工作，可推出此处是让读者明白什么是“猜火车”。故选D项。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：目的就是把这个国家的每一辆火车都观察到。A. aim目的； B. answer答案；C. advice建议；D. approach方法。根据上文提到的they stand in train stations, look at the serial numbers of the trains that leave and arrive and write them down. （他们站在火车站看着来来往往火车的序列号，然后把他们记录下来）的目的是观察到所有的火车，符合语境。故选A项。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：热衷于火车和铁路不是现代的嗜好，它可以追朔到1804年，当时理查德制造了第一辆蒸汽火车，在长达9英里的铁轨上拉着10吨铁，70个人和5辆马车。A. special特别的；B. modern现在的； C. life-long一生的；D. personal个人的。根据句中的1804年可知热衷于火车和铁路是很早就有的一个嗜好，并不是现在才有的。故选B项。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比那些爱车的人更奇怪吗？A. stranger根奇怪的； B. more interesting更有趣的；C. more common更常见的；D. freer更自由的。连系上下文，此句想表达的意思是，人们对轨道和火车的爱和人们对汽车的爱是一样的，就是一个爱好而已，没有什么好奇怪的。故选A项。 【47题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：嗯，它其实就是一个便宜的消遣，你所需要的就是一支钢笔或者一支铅笔和一个笔记本然后记下火车序列号。A. relaxing令人放松的； B. weird怪异的；C. inexpensive便宜的；D. unpopular不受欢迎的。根据句中的a pen or pencil and a notebook可知，这个爱好花费很低。故选C项。 【48题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在的火车观察员可能也会带上望远镜和数码相机，但对于那些力求简洁的人来说这些都是不必要的。A. relieving救助的；B. priceless无价的；C. sufficient充足的；D. unnecessary不必要的。根据句中的 “purist”可知，那些繁琐的东西对他们来说是不必要的。故选D项。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，尽管“猜火车”有着污名，但历史上真的有著名的铁轨狂热者，例如诗人Auden，戏剧表演家Michael Palin和导演Alfred Hitchcock ，他的电影里常常出现火车，尤其是电影The 39 Steps。A. enthusiasts狂热者；B. engineers工程师；C. developers开发商；D. passengers乘客。根据句中所列举的人物来看，他们都是很喜欢火车的，是铁轨和火车的狂热份子。故选A项。 【50题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，也有证据证明当火车观察员不一定是奇怪地英语的嗜好。A. originally 最初地；B. peculiarly奇怪地；C. inevitably 不可避免地；D. progressively渐进地。根据上文内容可知，此处用peculiarly照应前文中地stranger。故选B项。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：望一眼美国的火车站应该足以让你相信大西洋彼岸的火车观察员也是十分盛行的。A. warn警告；B. promise承诺； C. convince使……相信； D. disappoint使失望。联系句意可知，眼见为实，看一眼真实情况会令人相信火车观察员在美国也存在，符合语境。故选C项。 【52题详解】 考查动词词意辨析。句意：不要让它愚弄了你，这些人就是火车观察员，而且这样的人还有很多。A. hurt伤害；B. seize 抓住；C. oppose反对；D. fool愚弄。联系上下文，在美国他们把铁路迷叫做火车迷，而且还大谈特谈火车迷，其实他们就是火车观察员，不要让这种说法骗了你，愚弄了你。故选D项。 【53题详解】 考查副词词意辨析。句意：所以称他们为书呆子或蠢货，但是他们会留下来，这肯定不是一种暴力或者危险的爱好，也不会对环境造成任何影响。A. formerly从前地； B. similarly相似地；C. astonishingly令人吃惊地；D. certainly当然，肯定。此处是加强语气作用，观察火车不会对环境有影响这是一定的。故选D项。 【54题详解】 考查动词词意辨析。句意：你觉得什么更健康呢，是坐在电视机前评价那些你不感兴趣的人和事？A. criticizing评价，批评；B. envying嫉妒；C. training训练；D. imitating模仿。结合语言表达习惯，一般用“评价无关的人物事件”。故选A项。 【55题详解】 考查名词词意辨析。句意：或者走出去，追随你的激情，不管它是什么。A. suggestion建议；B. step步骤； C. passion爱好，强烈的感情；D. model模型。此处选“passion”照应前文的hobby。故选C项。 Section B Directions：Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I remember the first time I saw a skateboarder roll past me when I was 14 in the early 90s. The skater wove in and out of the schoolchildren. He moved in such a smooth and cool way. He flowed through the crowds in the same way that water finds its natural route. I can still recall with complete clarity the sound of the tail of the skateboard snapping against the road as the skateboarder popped an ollie (豚跳) up onto the pavement. It was the coolest thing I’d ever seen. Why walk to school when you could skate? After serious saving and a request for early birthday funds, I found myself in the skate shop and got my first skateboard. What I didn’t know then was that this first attempt was the beginning of a voyage that would never end. Information and experiences were exchanged and shared with friends. Videos of legendary professionals — Mark Gonzales, Rodney Mullen, Ricky Oyola, Marc Johnson, Chris Miller — were circulated and pored over. But only through dedication and perseverance did my ability and confidence grow. Skateboarding forever alters the way you see urban spaces. Bland 1960s architectural eyesores (碍眼建筑) become a creative challenge which awaits the novel exploration of a skater. With the streets as your playground, loyal friendships are formed. You roam like a wolf pack, hunting out new challenges and opportunities. And as my skateboarding years rolled by, my friends and I journeyed further into the unknown (and sometimes untouched) architectural skate spots around the globe. Relationships with fellow skateboarders get past borders because the sport brings with it a bond of sincerity. You know endless good times await. You’re a global conqueror aboard four wheels and seven layers of Canadian plywood (胶合板). There are no shortcuts in the sport. As a creative subculture, skateboarding is big business for sure, but the ability to flow confidently on a skateboard is no easy thing to achieve. To succeed at anything worthy of the effort, you need patience and dedication — skateboarding is no different. I’m now 36, and, as I continue to age, my adventures as a skateboarder will go on. While tricks come and go for the most part, it’s the feeling of fluidly (流畅地) moving through time and space that spurs a skateboarder on. Skateboarding is an extension of play and of that, I shall never tire. 56. According to the article, why did the author first set foot on a skateboard? A. He got a skateboard as a birthday gift. B. He was interested in the culture of skateboarding. C. He was impressed by a stranger’s skateboarding skills. D. He wanted a convenient means of transportation to get to school. 57. The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “____”. A. highly praised B. carefully studied C. fully expected D. warmly discussed 58. According to the author, what makes skateboarding appealing? ①It provides skateboarders with a great deal of fun. ②It allows one to explore urban spaces in a different way. ③It helps skateboarders form close friendships with each other. ④It offers opportunities to travel globally to conquer new skating spots. A ②③ B. ①②④ C. ②③④ D. ①②③④ 59. We can learn from the article that the most important factors in having extraordinary skateboard skills are ____. A. patience and dedication B. interest and courage C. the experiences of professionals D. good interpersonal relationships 【答案】56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者从14岁被滑板运动吸引开始接触滑板，多年来滑板带来的体验、成长，以及其对作者生活和认知的深远影响。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I remember the first time I saw a skateboarder roll past me when I was 14 in the early 90s. The skater wove in and out of the schoolchildren. He moved in such a smooth and cool way. (我记得90年代初14岁时，第一次看到一个滑板者从身边滑过。他在小学生中间穿梭，动作流畅又酷炫。)”以及第二段中的“It was the coolest thing I’d ever seen.(这是我见过最酷的事。)”可知，作者最初接触滑板是因为被一位陌生人的滑板技巧打动了。故选C项。 【57题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Videos of legendary professionals — Mark Gonzales, Rodney Mullen, Ricky Oyola, Marc Johnson, Chris Miller — were circulated and pored over.(传奇职业滑手的视频，包括马克·冈萨雷斯、罗德尼·马伦、瑞奇·奥约拉、马克·约翰逊、克里斯·米勒，被大家传阅并pored over。)”可知，作者和朋友们会流传并认真钻研职业滑手的视频，因此画线短语可替换为仔细研究。故选B项。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Skateboarding forever alters the way you see urban spaces.(滑板运动永远改变了你看待城市空间的方式。)”和“With the streets as your playground, loyal friendships are formed.(以街道为游乐场，真挚的友谊就此建立。)”、第五段中的“And as my skateboarding years rolled by, my friends and I journeyed further into the unknown (and sometimes untouched) architectural skate spots around the globe. Relationships with fellow skateboarders get past borders because the sport brings with it a bond of sincerity.(随着我滑板生涯的推移，我和朋友们前往全球更多未知的、有时甚至是鲜有人至的建筑滑板点探索。与其他滑板者的情谊跨越国界，因为这项运动带来了真诚的联结。)”以及最后一段中的“While tricks come and go for the most part, it’s the feeling of fluidly (流畅地) moving through time and space that spurs a skateboarder on. Skateboarding is an extension of play and of that, I shall never tire.(尽管各种滑板技巧大多昙花一现，但那种在时空里流畅穿梭的感觉，却始终激励着滑手不断前行。滑板是玩乐的延伸，而这份乐趣，我将永远乐此不疲。)”可知，滑板能带来诸多乐趣、让滑手以不同方式探索城市空间、促成亲密友谊、提供全球探索新滑板点的机会，这四点都是其吸引人的地方。故选D项。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“To succeed at anything worthy of the effort, you need patience and dedication — skateboarding is no different. (要在任何值得努力的事情上取得成功，你需要耐心和专注，滑板运动也不例外。)”可知，拥有出色滑板技巧的最重要因素是耐心和专注。故选A项。 (B) Running is a great form of exercise. However, running under certain conditions can cause a variety of injuries. The National Running Association recently released the results of its latest survey on common running injuries, as illustrated in the picture on the right. According to the survey results, the most reported cases are related to knee injury and muscle pull, with the former occurring a little less frequently. About a quarter of the respondents say they have had plantar fasciitis, The number of respondents suffering from Achilles tendonitis or shin splints is nearly twice that of those with stress fracture, which is also what fewest respondents report. There are two main causes of running injury: structural imbalance and training volume. Structural imbalance occurs when a certain muscle group is weak and requires other muscle groups to help. The body adapts to stresses and becomes stronger. This is the basic principle of training. However, if you push too fast or run too far, you can stress the body in such a way that it never has time to fully recover. Training progression and moderation are the keys to avoiding overuse injury. Here are several ways to avoid running injury. ● Prepare your body for running by walking. ● Understand your body type and be patient. ● Follow a sensible training plan or find a coach. ● Wear the right shoes. The cause of the injury is not easy to diagnose. For example, a foot problem can cause a problem in the knees or back. Finding and treating the cause of a running injury is the job of a trained doctor. More importantly, listen to your body and recognize the signs of overtraining so that you can avoid running injury. 60. Which group of injuries best fits the blanks numbered ①, ②, ③ and ④ in the picture? A. ① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ stress fracture; ④ shin splints B. ① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ stress fracture; ④ Achilles tendonitis C. ① knee injury; ② muscle pull; ③ shin splints; ④ stress fracture D. ① muscle pull; ② knee injury; ③ Achilles tendonitis; ④ stress fracture 61. According to the passage, which of the following leads to structural imbalance? A. Using some muscles more intensely than others. B. Training weak muscles more often than strong ones. C. Adapting your body to stresses slowly. D. Giving your body little time to recover. 62. According to the passage, if you want to find out why your back and knees hurt after running. you had better _____. A. turn to a coach for help B. consult a trained doctor C. understand your body type first D. wear another pair of running shoes 【答案】60. D 61. A 62. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了跑步是一种很好的锻炼方式。然而，在某些条件下跑步会导致各种各样的伤害，文章介绍了几种避免跑步受伤的方法。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to the survey results, the most reported cases are related to knee injury and muscle pull, with the former occurring a little less frequently. About a quarter of the respondents say they have had plantar fasciitis, The number of respondents suffering from Achilles tendonitis or shin splints is nearly twice that of those with stress fracture, which is also what fewest respondents report.”（根据调查结果，报告病例最多的是膝关节损伤和肌肉拉伤，前者发生的频率稍低。大约四分之一的受访者说他们患有足底筋膜炎。患有跟腱炎或胫骨夹板的受访者几乎是患有应力性骨折的受访者的两倍，这也是受访者中最少的。）可知，在跑步常见损伤中，最多的是肌肉拉伤，最少的是应力性骨折，所以结合选项和图片中的占比数，可知D项符合该项统计调查结果。故选D项。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Structural imbalance occurs when a certain muscle group is weak and requires other muscle groups to help.”（当某个肌肉群很弱，需要其他肌肉群的帮助时，就会出现结构失衡。）可知，使用一些肌肉比其他肌肉更强烈导致了结构不平衡。故选A项。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Finding and treating the cause of a running injury is the job of a trained doctor.”（找到并治疗跑步受伤的原因是训练有素的医生的工作。）可知，根据这篇文章，如果你想知道为什么跑步后你的背部和膝盖会疼，你最好找个训练有素的医生咨询下。故选B项。 (C) Donna Leon first launched herself as a crime writer in 1991 with Death at La Fenice, which saw a conductor poisoned in mid-performance at the Venice opera house. “It was an idea that kind of grew,” she says. “I had a friend at the opera house. One day we were complaining about the conductor — and we thought it would be a laugh to make him the victim in a crime novel, which I went off and wrote. But that’s all it was meant to be. I was lucky to be born without ambition, and I had none for this book. Then I sent it off to a competition, and six months later they wrote back to say I’d won. I got a contract, and suddenly I had a purpose in life, a mission.” To hear her talk, you’d think that until Death at La Fenice she’d been living in obscurity (冷门). Not so. She was a well-known academic teaching English literature at universities in the USA and Europe. But she found that she wasn’t really cut out for university life, and finally decided to walk out on it. “You’d be surprised how many academics do read murder mystery though,” she adds. “It’s what you want after a day of literary debate.” That said, Ms. Leon is big business. She sells in large numbers and her books are translated into nineteen languages. “All of which is satisfying for me personally, and I don’t mean to rubbish my own work, but murder mystery is a craft, not an art. Some people go to crime conferences and deliver learned papers on the way Agatha Christie presents her characters, but they’re out of their minds. I stay away from such events.” Leon also stays away from what crime writers often love, like courtrooms and police stations — “I’ve only known two policemen, neither of them well,” — which accounts for the absence of technical legal detail in the books. What’s more, the few points of police procedure that appear are usually invented — as, she admits, they’re bound to be when you set a murder series in a place where murders never happen. “Venice is small, compact, protected by its geography — there’s really not much crime.” Clearly the key thing about her murder stories isn’t credibility. Predictability comes closer to the mark: setting a series in a fixed location that the reader finds attractive, with a constant cast of characters. And that’s what Donna Leon does. Her unique selling point is Venice which, as the reviewers always say, comes through with such vitality and forcefulness in Leon’s writing that you can smell it. There’s a set cast of characters, led by a middle-aged detective, Commissario Brunietti, and his wife. Then there are her standard jokes — often to do with food. The eating is a literary device — part of the pattern of each novel, into which she puts the plot. 63. What is suggested about the novel Death at La Fenice in the first paragraph? A. Donna didn’t take the work very seriously. B. Donna longed to win a prize with her work. C. Donna relied on it as a way of changing her life. D. Donna based the story on an event she had witnessed. 64. From Donna’s comments in the third paragraph, we understand that ____. A. she feels crime fiction should be considered alongside other types of literature B. she is pleased with the level of recognition that her own novels have received C. she finds the popularity of crime novels amongst academics very satisfying D. she regards her own novels as inferior to those of Agatha Christie 65. Donna is described as an untypical crime writer because ____. A. she is unconcerned whether or not her stories appear realistic B. she has little interest in the ways criminals think and operate C. she manages to come up with imaginative new ideas for her plots D. she is able to imagine crimes being committed by unlikely characters 66. Donna’s greatest strength as a crime writer is seen as ____. A. her hidden sense of humour B. the way she deals with Venice C. her avoidance of a fixed approach D. the clear moral message she puts across 【答案】63. A 64. B 65. A 66. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了犯罪小说作家Donna Leon的创作经历、作品特点以及她对犯罪小说的看法。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But that’s all it was meant to be. I was lucky to be born without ambition, and I had none for this book.(但那只是它的本意而已。我很幸运，生来就没有野心，对这本书也没有野心。)”可知，Donna Leon一开始并没有认真对待《Death at La Fenice》这部小说的创作。故选A。 【64题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“She sells in large numbers and her books are translated into nineteen languages.(她的书销量很大，被翻译成19种语言。)”和“All of which is satisfying for me personally, and I don’t mean to rubbish my own work, but murder mystery is a craft, not an art.(所有这些都让我个人感到满意，我并不是要贬低自己的作品，但谋杀悬疑是一种技艺，而不是艺术。)”可知，Donna Leon对自己的小说所获得的认可感到满意。故选B。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Clearly the key thing about her murder stories isn’t credibility. Predictability comes closer to the mark: setting a series in a fixed location that the reader finds attractive, with a constant cast of characters.(显然，她的谋杀故事的关键不在于可信度。可预测性更接近重点：在一个读者觉得有吸引力的固定地点设置一系列故事，有固定的角色阵容。)”可知，Donna Leon并不关心她的故事是否真实可信，这是她作为一个非典型犯罪小说作家的特点。故选A。 【66题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Her unique selling point is Venice which, as the reviewers always say, comes through with such vitality and forcefulness in Leon’s writing that you can smell it.(她独特的卖点是威尼斯，正如评论家们常说的，在Leon的笔下，威尼斯充满了活力和力量，你可以闻到它的气息。)”可知，Donna Leon作为犯罪小说作家的最大优势在于她对威尼斯的描绘方式。故选B。 (D) Look around on your next plane trip. Younger school-aged children read stories on smartphones; older boys don't read at all, but play video games. Parents and other passengers read on Kindles or skim emails and news feeds. An invisible transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit(神经元回路）that underlies the brain’s ability to read is changing—a change with implications for everyone from the pre-reading kids to the expert adult. As work in neurosciences indicates, the ability to read necessitated a new circuit in our species’ brain more than 6.000 years ago. That circuit evolved from a very simple mechanism (机能)for decoding basic information, like the number of goats, to the present, complicated reading brain. My research describes how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy (共鸣): critical analysis and the generation of insight. Research conducted in many parts of the world now warns that each of these essential “deep reading” processes may be under threat as we move into digital-based reading. This is not a simple issue of print VS digital reading and technological innovation. As MIT scholar Sherry Turkle has written, we do not err(犯错）as a society when we innovate, but when we ignore what we destroy or weaken while innovating. At this moment between print and digital cultures, society needs to face what is being weakened in the expert reading circuit, and what we can do about it. We know from research that the reading circuit is not given to human beings through a genetic blueprint like vision or language; it needs an environment to develop. Further, it will adapt to that environment’s requirements—from different writing systems to the characteristics of whatever medium is used. If the dominant medium advantages processes that are fast, multi-task oriented and well-suited for large volumes of information, like the current digital medium, so will the reading circuit. As UCLA psychologist Patricia Greenfield writes, the result is that less attention and time will be devoted to slower, time-demanding deep reading processes, like inference, critical analysis and empathy, all of which are necessary to learning at any age. There's an old rule in neuroscience that does not alter with age: use it or lose it. It is a very hopeful principle when applied to critical thought in the reading brain because it implies choice. The story of the changing reading brain is hardly finished. We possess both the science and the technology to identify and redress the changes in how we read before they become deep-rooted. If we work to understand exactly what we will lose, alongside the extraordinary new functions that the digital world has brought us, there is as much reason for excitement as caution. 67. The first paragraph is meant to____________. A. explain a theory related to reading brains B. introduce a change in people’s reading habits C. complain about people’s reading less and less D. draw attention to the unusual environment on board 68. What can be inferred from the passage about the reading circuit? A. It is not what we are born with. B. It existed for longer than human beings. C. It enables us to recognize others’ feelings. D. It was a main contributor to the writing system. 69. According to the writer, what is the very thing that we ignore, destroy or weaken while we are innovating our way to read now? A. How long our attention lasts. B. Print technologies. C. Deep reading processes. D. Learning strategies for people of all ages. 70. Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A. The old rule of “use it or lose it” doesn’t apply well in today’s fast developing world. B. Science and technology are to blame for what we have lost while entering a digital age. C. Deep-rooted principles will prevent us identifying and redressing the changes in reading. D. We should evaluate how we read now before moving quickly into digital-based reading. 【答案】67. B 68. A 69. C 70. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍人们阅读习惯的变化。阅读能力不是我们与生俱来的。在世界许多地方进行的研究警告说，随着我们进入数字阅读时代，这些基本的“深度阅读”过程可能会受到威胁。 【67题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中An invisible transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit(神经元回路）that underlies the brain’s ability to read is changing—a change with implications for everyone from the pre-reading kids to the expert adult.“在这幅图中，一种看不见的转换把每个人都联系在一起:构成大脑阅读能力基础的神经回路正在发生变化——这种变化对每个人都有影响，从会读书的孩子到专业的成年人。”可知，第一段意在介绍人们阅读习惯的变化。故选B项。 【68题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中We know from research that the reading circuit is not given to human beings through a genetic blueprint like vision or language; it needs an environment to develop. Further, it will adapt to that environment’s requirements—from different writing systems to the characteristics of whatever medium is used.“我们从研究中得知，人类的阅读能力并不是通过视觉或语言这样的基因蓝图赋予的;它需要一个环境来发展。此外，它将适应环境的要求——从不同的书写系统到所使用的任何媒介的特性。”可知，从文章中可以推断出关于阅读能力不是我们与生俱来的。故选A项。 【69题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中Research conducted in many parts of the world now warns that each of these essential “deep reading” processes may be under threat as we move into digital-based reading.“在世界许多地方进行的研究警告说，随着我们进入数字阅读时代，这些基本的“深度阅读”过程可能会受到威胁。”可知，根据作者的观点，我们在创新阅读方式的过程中忽略、破坏或削弱了深度阅读过程。故选C项。 【70题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中We possess both the science and the technology to identify and redress the changes in how we read before they become deep-rooted.“在世界许多地方进行的研究警告说，随着我们进入数字阅读时代，这些基本的“深度阅读”过程可能会受到威胁。”可知，作者会同意“在快速进入数字阅读之前，我们应该评估一下我们现在的阅读方式。”故选D项。 (E) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Much Does Your Name Influence Your Future? “I still have people call me and say, ‘Hey, do you know that your name is a bird name?’” laughs Carla Dove. As a researcher at a feather identification lab in Washington, D.C., Dove does spend all day thinking about birds — doves included. Similarly, Greg Pond works as an aquatic (水生) biologist, studying water bodies of the U.S. Northeast. “My path is water, and all the things that live in it,” says Pond. Pond and Dove are what’s known as aptronyms, or people with names that fit their careers. ____71____ After all, last names such as Baker, Barber, Miner and many others originally grew out of a person’s or family’s occupation. Today, though, people have more options for work than ever before. “Sometimes I find out that some people think I changed my name because I was so satisfied with my career,” says Betsy Weatherhead, an atmospheric (大气的) scientist. “And that’s just not the case.” All of this does bring up an interesting question — can a person’s name influence the path of their life? ____72____ It’s an old Scottish name that refers to goat herders. The people in her hometown didn’t know this and would often say to her, “‘Hey, what’s the weather, Weatherhead?’ ” she says. “And I hated it, because when you’re 11 years old, you want to be known as your unique, individual self.” Despite the negative associations, her name did play a role in leading her to the field of climatology (气候学). Because of a change in policies, Weatherhead lost her graduate school position. She then applied for a summer job doing calculations for an atmospheric scientist. The job had nearly a dozen applicants, but she was later told that it was her name that put her application over the top. The scientist was walking around going, “Weatherhead. Weatherhead. We’ve got to hire her!” ____73____ In a 2015 study, Brett Pelham, a professor of psychology, used census (人口普查) data to look for evidence of implicit egotism. The term refers to the tendency for humans to be attracted by people, places or things that are similar to them. “We found that for aptronyms, men with those surnames were noticeably over-represented in those occupations,” says Pelham. Another interesting finding is that a person named Dennis or Denise would be more likely to become a dentist, compared to a lawyer. ____74____ Even so, if you look at the entire data in psychological studies, there’s evidence that we certainly don’t always have free will, he notes. A. Interestingly, there may be some psychological effects at work. B. Weatherhead says her last name’s origin has nothing to do with the weather. C. Pelham warns that the effects seen in these kinds of studies tend to be small. D. Lots of people have noticed the seeming link between their name and their career. E. These findings seem to provide a scientific account for this interesting phenomenon. F. Historically, in the Western world, being an aptronym probably would have been much more common than it is today. 【答案】71. F 72. B 73. A 74. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。探讨名字对个人未来的影响，结合趣例介绍名职契合现象，还通过心理学研究分析背后的心理效应，同时指出该效应的影响程度较小。 【71题详解】 根据前文“Pond and Dove are what’s known as aptronyms, or people with names that fit their careers. (庞德和达夫就是所谓的名职契合者，即名字与其职业相匹配的人。)”以及后文“After all, last names such as Baker, Barber, Miner and many others originally grew out of a person’s or family’s occupation. Today, though, people have more options for work than ever before. (毕竟，贝克、巴伯、迈纳等姓氏最初都源自一个人或一个家庭的职业。不过如今，人们的职业选择比以往任何时候都多。)”可知，前文引出名职契合者的概念，后文将过去的姓氏与职业关联和如今的职业选择对比，此空应衔接二者，说明历史上西方世界的名职契合现象比如今普遍得多，F选项“Historically, in the Western world, being an aptronym probably would have been much more common than it is today. (从历史上看，在西方世界，名职契合的现象可能比如今普遍得多。)”承接前文的名职契合概念，且与后文的古今对比相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。 【72题详解】 根据后文“It’s an old Scottish name that refers to goat herders. The people in her hometown didn’t know this and would often say to her, “ ‘Hey, what’s the weather, Weatherhead?’ ” she says. “And I hated it, because when you’re 11 years old, you want to be known as your unique, individual self.” (这是一个古老的苏格兰姓氏，指的是牧羊人。她家乡的人并不知道这一点，还经常对她说：‘嘿，韦瑟黑德，天气怎么样？’她说：“我讨厌这样，因为11岁的孩子，都希望自己是独一无二的个体。”)”可知，后文介绍了Weatherhead这个姓氏的起源和含义，与天气无关，此空应点明韦瑟黑德表示自己的姓氏起源与天气毫无关系，B选项“Weatherhead says her last name’s origin has nothing to do with the weather. (韦瑟黑德说她的姓氏起源与天气毫无关系。)”引出后文对该姓氏起源和相关经历的介绍，符合语境。故选B项。 【73题详解】 根据后文“In a 2015 study, Brett Pelham, a professor of psychology, used census (人口普查) data to look for evidence of implicit egotism. The term refers to the tendency for humans to be attracted by people, places or things that are similar to them. “We found that for aptronyms, men with those surnames were noticeably over-represented in those occupations,” says Pelham. (在2015年的一项研究中，心理学教授布雷特·佩勒姆利用人口普查数据寻找内隐自我中心的证据。这个术语指的是人类容易被与自己相似的人、地方或事物所吸引的倾向。佩勒姆说：‘我们发现，在名职契合的案例中，拥有这些姓氏的男性在对应职业中的占比明显过高。’)”可知，后文介绍了心理学研究对名职契合现象的解释，此空应引出这一内容，说明这一现象背后可能存在一些心理效应，A选项“Interestingly, there may be some psychological effects at work. (有趣的是，这背后可能存在一些心理效应。)”承上启下，承接前文韦瑟黑德的名职契合经历，且引出后文的心理学研究分析，符合语境。故选A项。 【74题详解】 根据前文“Another interesting finding is that a person named Dennis or Denise would be more likely to become a dentist, compared to a lawyer. (另一个有趣的发现是，名叫丹尼斯或丹妮丝的人相比成为律师，更有可能成为牙医。)”以及后文“Even so, if you look at the entire data in psychological studies, there’s evidence that we certainly don’t always have free will, he notes. (他指出，即便如此，从心理学研究的所有数据来看，有证据表明我们当然并不总是拥有自由意志。)”可知，前文介绍了心理学研究的相关发现，后文以Even so转折说明相关结论，此空应是佩勒姆对研究效应的提醒，即这类研究中发现的效应往往影响较小，C选项“Pelham warns that the effects seen in these kinds of studies tend to be small. (佩勒姆提醒说，这类研究中发现的效应往往影响较小。)”承接前文的研究发现，且与后文的转折内容相衔接，符合语境。故选C项。 III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea of each paragraph in one complete sentence. Attitudes to Dirt: A Historical Shift and Modern Debates 75. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. 76. Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? 77. Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. 【答案】75. In the past, Europeans avoided bathing and closed public baths, believing dirt on the skin protected against disease. 76. Since the 18th century, science has shown cleanliness prevents disease, but modern standards often go beyond practical health needs. 77. Today, attitudes toward dirt vary widely, with some parents warning against it while others believe it helps build immunity. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。16世纪初人们认为泥土能防病，欧洲长期不重视清洁；18世纪后科学证明清洁有益健康，现代对污垢态度分化，有人警惕，也有专家认为接触泥土可增强免疫力。 【75题详解】 考查主旨大意。根据第一段“In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. (16世纪早期，人们认为皮肤上的污垢是阻挡疾病的一种手段，因为当时医学界的观点是：用热水洗掉污垢会使皮肤张开，从而让病菌侵入。人们认为一个特别严重的危险在于公共澡堂)”可知，第一段主旨为：过去，欧洲人不愿洗澡，也不使用公共澡堂，他们认为皮肤上的污垢能够抵御疾病。故答案为In the past, Europeans avoided bathing and closed public baths, believing dirt on the skin protected against disease. 【76题详解】 考查主旨大意。根据第二段“Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II.(尽管人们长期以来一直认为尘土是有益的，但自18世纪以来，尘土已不再被视为友好之物。从科学角度来看，清除尘土对健康有益。清洁的供水和勤洗手是预防疾病的有效方法。然而，自第二次世界大战以来，清洁标准似乎已经超出了科学范畴)”可知，第二段主旨是：自18世纪以来，科学已经表明清洁可以预防疾病，但现代的标准往往超出了实际的健康需求范畴。故答案为Since the 18th century, science has shown cleanliness prevents disease, but modern standards often go beyond practical health needs. 【77题详解】 考查主旨大意。根据第三段“Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.(许多初为人父母者会紧张地告诫自己的孩子不要接触泥土，因为泥土可能会导致疾病传播。然而，美国免疫学家玛丽·鲁布却鼓励孩子们去接触泥土，以此来增强自身的免疫系统)”可知，第三段主旨是：如今，人们对尘土的看法差异很大，有些家长极力反对接触尘土，而另一些家长则认为尘土有助于增强免疫力。故答案为Today, attitudes toward dirt vary widely, with some parents warning against it while others believe it helps build immunity. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 78. 沉迷于网络短剧是他这次考试失利的原因。(blame)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】Being obsessed with / Addiction to online short / micro dramas is to blame for his failure in the exam. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“沉迷于网络短剧”可用动名词短语being obsessed with或addiction to online short/micro dramas，作主语；表示“是……的原因”可用be to blame for；表示“他这次考试失利”为his failure in the exam。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为Being obsessed with / Addiction to online short / micro dramas is to blame for his failure in the exam. 79. 数据显示，相较于儿童和成年人，青少年为了打动同伴，更容易去冒险，因为他们想炫耀和获得尊重。(likely)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】Statistics show that compared with children and adults, teenagers are more likely to take risks to impress their peers because they want to show off and earn/get/win respect. 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句和短语。句子陈述事实，使用一般现在时，主语“数据”用名词statistics；表示“显示”用动词show，后跟宾语从句，从句不缺少句意和成分，故用that引导；表示“相较于儿童和成年人”可用过去分词短语compared with children and adults，作状语；表示“青少年”用复数名词teenagers，作主语，表示“更容易……”短语为be more likely to；表示“冒险”短语为take risks；表示“打动同伴”用不定式短语to impress their peers，作目的状语；用because表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句；主语为they；表示“想……”为want to do sth.；表示“炫耀”为show off；表示“获得尊重”为earn/get/win respect，使用并列连词and连接并列的不定式结构。故翻译为Statistics show that compared with children and adults, teenagers are more likely to take risks to impress their peers because they want to show off and earn/get/win respect. 80. 坐落于地球上最寒冷的大陆，这个生动呈现了斯科特极地探险的小屋告诉我们人类精神永无止境。（bring）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________ 【答案】Located on the most freezing continent on the earth, the hut which brings Scott’s polar expedition to life tells us that the human spirit (truly) has no bounds. ★Located on the most freezing continent on the earth (1) ★the hut which brings Scott’s polar expedition to life (1) ★tells us that the human spirit (truly) has no bounds (1) 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词、定语从句、宾语从句和固定搭配。根据句意，该句描述客观事实，全句使用一般现在时，表示“坐落于地球上最寒冷的大陆”作状语，“坐落于”用过去分词located，位于句首，首字母需大写，“地球上最寒冷的大陆”为the most freezing continent on the earth，表示“这个生动呈现了斯科特极地探险的小屋”为主句主语，“小屋”为the hut作中心词，“生动呈现了斯科特极地探险的”作定语修饰hut，用定语从句，先行词hut在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which引导，“生动呈现”用固定搭配bring...to life，主语which指代单数名词hut，谓语动词bring用第三人称单数形式brings，“斯科特极地探险”为Scott’s polar expedition，所以定语从句译为which brings Scott’s polar expedition to life；表示“告诉我们”作主句谓语和宾语，“告诉”为tell，主语the hut为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式tells，“我们”为us作宾语；表示“人类精神永无止境”作tells的宾语从句，用that引导，“人类精神”为the human spirit，“永无止境”为has no bounds，主语the human spirit为单数，谓语动词has用第三人称单数形式。故翻译为Located on the most freezing continent on the earth, the hut which brings Scott’s polar expedition to life tells us that the human spirit has no bounds. 81. 观众们惊喜地发现这位老师奇特的教学方式对那些被前任老师认为是不可教的学生产生了积极的影响。(effect) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】The audience were amazed to find that the teacher’s unique / special way of teaching had a positive effect / positive effects on those students who were considered / regarded as unteachable by their previous teachers. *The audience were amazed to find that (0.5) *the teacher’s unique / special way of teaching (0.5) *had a positive effect / positive effects on (1) *those students who were considered / regarded as unteachable by their previous teachers. (1) 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、固定短语、时态、宾语从句和定语从句。句子为主从复合句，主句部分“观众们惊喜地发现”中，主语“观众们”翻译为the audience，谓语部分“惊喜地发现”使用短语be amazed to find，句子陈述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，主语是集合名词表示复数概念，指所有观众，系动词be使用were；“这位老师奇特的教学方式对那些被前任老师认为是不可教的学生产生了积极的影响”作find的宾语，用that引导宾语从句表达，宾语从句中主语部分“这位老师奇特的教学方式”使用名词短语the teacher’s unique / special way of teaching，谓语部分表示“对……产生了积极的影响”用固定短语have a positive effect on...或have positive effects on...，根据主句时态可知从句也用一般过去时，所以谓语用过去式had，“学生”译为those students，作on的宾语；“那些被前任老师认为是不可教的”为定语从句，修饰先行词students，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以用who引导，“被认为是不可教的”翻译为be considered / regarded as unteachable，根据主句时态可知从句也用一般过去时，主语为复数，be动词用were，“被前任老师”翻译为by their previous teachers表示动作的执行者。故翻译为The audience were amazed to find that the teacher’s unique / special way of teaching had a positive effect / positive effects on those students who were considered / regarded as unteachable by their previous teachers. 82. 一直以来，这位年轻的科学家不断突破自我极限，最终达成研发新智能操作系统的志向，能操作系统，其目前被广泛应用于家用电器。（limit n.）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________ 【答案】The young scientist had always been pushing himself to the limit and eventually fulfilled his ambition to develop a new smart / intelligent operating system, which is now widely installed/used/applied in domestic appliances. ★The young scientist had always been pushing himself to the limit (1) ★and eventually fulfilled his ambition to (1) ★develop a new smart / intelligent operating system (1) ★which is now widely installed/used/applied in (0.5) ★domestic appliances (0.5) 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态、固定搭配、非谓语动词和非限制性定语从句。根据句意，前半句表示从过去开始持续的动作，使用过去完成进行时，后半句表示最终达成的结果用一般过去时，非限制性定语从句描述现在的状态用一般现在时；表示“一直以来”为had always been doing，用于过去完成进行时结构；表示“这位年轻的科学家”为the young scientist作主语，位于句首首字母需大写；表示“不断突破自我极限”用固定搭配push oneself to the limit，主语为单数，反身代词用himself，故前半句译为The young scientist had always been pushing himself to the limit；表示“最终实现了他的抱负”为eventually fulfilled his ambition，表示“开发一款新的智能操作系统”为to develop a new smart/intelligent operating system作后置定语修饰名词ambition，所以表示“最终达成研发新智能操作系统的志向”为eventually fulfilled his ambition to develop a new smart/intelligent  operating system，and连接并列谓语；表示“其目前被广泛应用于家用电器”为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a new smart operating system，指物用关系代词which引导，“被广泛应用于”为用一般现在时的被动语态，可译为is now widely installed/used/applied in，“家用电器”为domestic appliances，作介词in的宾语，所以定语从句译为which is now widely installed/used/applied in domestic appliances。故翻译为The young scientist had always been pushing himself to the limit and eventually fulfilled his ambition to develop a new smart/intelligent operating system, which is now widely installed/used/applied in domestic appliances. V. Guided Writing 83. AI 学习工具（如智能作业助手、个性化辅导 APP）在高中生群体中日益普及。有人认为其提升学习效率，补全知识漏洞；也有人担忧它削弱独立思考，导致过度依赖。你如何看待高中生使用AI 学习工具，请结合个人经历，谈谈你的看法与理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: I believe AI learning tools can greatly benefit high school students if used wisely. Last semester, I struggled with chemistry equations. Instead of copying answers from an AI homework helper, I used it to check my steps and understand my mistakes. It provided clear explanations and similar practice problems, which helped me fill knowledge gaps efficiently. However, I have seen classmates rely on AI too much and skip deep thinking altogether. This harms their long-term learning. In my view, AI should be a tutor, not a shortcut. When we stay curious and verify its answers, AI becomes a powerful ally rather than a crutch. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生结合个人经历，谈谈对高中生使用AI学习工具的看法及理由，需兼顾其优势与潜在问题，明确自身观点。 【详解】1.词汇积累 解释：explanation → interpretation 帮助：help → assist 依赖：rely on → depend on 在我看来：in my view → as far as I’m concerned 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：However, I have seen classmates rely on AI too much and skip deep thinking altogether. This harms their long-term learning. 拓展句：However, I have seen classmates rely on AI too much and skip deep thinking altogether, which harms their long-term learning. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It provided clear explanations and similar practice problems, which helped me fill knowledge gaps efficiently.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】When we stay curious and verify its answers, AI becomes a powerful ally rather than a crutch.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $