Unit 1被动语态-2025-2026学年高中英语选修四语法易错点精讲（人教版）

高中人教版 【寒假专版】 选修4语法精讲 寒假专版 被动语态专项训练 寒假语法易错点精讲 学段：高中教材：人教版年级：选修4 语法认知 被动语态：主语是动作承受者的语态，强调动作被谁做或动作本身，由“be动词+及物动词过去 分词”构成，在句中作谓语。 易错点讲解 易错点一：主动语态与被动语态的结构混淆 讲解： 主动语态结构为主语+谓语+宾语，被动语态结构为宾语（被动句主语）+b动词+动词过去分 词+by+原主语（可省略）。需注意被动语态中必须有be动词和动词过去分词。 例句：主动语态：He cleans the room every day.被动语态：The room is cleaned(by him)every day. 真题再现： 1.(2024湖北武汉期中，人教版选修4)Many trees=in the park last year A.plant B.planted C.were planted D.are planted 答案：C解析：主语trees与plant是被动关系，last year提示用一般过去时被动语态，结构为 were+过去分词planted。 2.(2024四川成都月考，人教版选修4)A new hospital三in our city now. A.builds B.is building C.is being built D.built 答案：C解析：now提示用现在进行时，hospital与build是被动关系，现在进行时被动语态结 构为am/is/are being+过去分词，故选C。 易错点二：不及物动词误用被动语态 高中人教版 【寒假专版】 选修4语法精讲 讲解： 不及物动词（如ha即pen、appear、arrive、die等）无被动语态，因为它们没有宾语，无法转化为被 动句的主语。 例句：The accident happened last night.（正确，happer为不及物动词，无被动语态) 错误：The accident was happened last night 真题再现： 1.(2023广东广州期末，人教版选修4)Great changes-in our hometown since2010. A.have taken place B.have been taken place C.took place D.were taken place 答案：A解析：take place是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，since201l0提示用现在完成时，故选A。 2.(2023河南郑州期中，人教版选修4)An interesting story三on the radio just now. A.was heard B.heard C.was happened D.happened 答案：D解析：happen为不及物动词，无被动语态，just now提示用一般过去时，故选D:heu 是及物动词，若选A需有bysb.等，此处不符合。 易错点三：被动语态中过去分词与现在分词的误用 讲解： 被动语态中必须使用动词的过去分词，而非现在分词。现在分词用于主动语态的进行时或作定语 表主动，过去分词用于被动语态或作定语表被动。 例句：被动语态：The window was broken by Tom.(broken为过去分词) 错误：The window was breaking by Tom. 真题再现： 1.(2024山东济南月考，人教版选修4)The glass=by my little brother yesterday. A.breaks B.broke C.is broken D.was broken 答案：D解析：glass与break是被动关系，yesterday提示用一般过去时被动语态，broken为过 去分词，故选D。 2.(2023江苏南京期末，人教版选修4)These books一in the library for a long time,. A.have kept B.have been kept C.are keeping D.were keeping 答案：B解析：books与keep是被动关系，for a long time提示用现在完成时被动语态，结构为 have been+-过去分词kept。 易错点四：感官动词和使役动词的被动语态省略o的错误 2 高中人教版 【寒假专版】 选修4语法精讲 讲解： 感官动词(see、hear、watch等)和使役动词(make、let、have等)在主动语态中接不带to的不 定式作宾补，变为被动语态时需还原0。 例句：主动语态：We saw him enter the room.被动语态：He was seen to enter the room. 真题再现： 1.(2024浙江杭州期中，人教版选修4)The boy was made_一the piano for two hours every day. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 答案：B解析：make在主动语态中接不带to的不定式，被动语态中需还原to,be made to do sth.表示“被迫做某事”。 2.(2023湖南长沙期末，人教版选修4)She was heard一an English song in the next room yesterday. A.sing B.sang C.to sing D.singing 答案：C解析：hear在主动语态中接不带to的不定式，被动语态中还原to,be heard to do sth.表 示“被听到做某事”，yesterday提示动作已完成，不用singing(表进行)。 易错点五：被动语态中“by叶宾语”的滥用与遗漏 讲解： 当需要强调动作的执行者时，用“by+执行者”；若执行者不明确或无需强调，可省略“by叶宾语”。 但不能在不需要强调时滥用，也不能在必须明确执行者时遗漏。 例句：The letter was written by Mary.(强调执行者May,需用by) The work will be finished tomorrow.(执行者不明确，省略by) 真题再现： 1.(2024安徽合肥月考，人教版选修4)This novel_by a famous writer many years ago. A.writes B.wrote C.was written D.is written 答案：C解析：novel与wite是被动关系，many years ago提示用一般过去时被动语态，句中未 强调执行者，可省略by,但结构需正确，故选C。 2.(2023陕西西安期末，人教版选修4)The machine-by the engineer last week, A.repaired B.was repaired C.was repaired by D.repairs 答案：B解析：machine与repair是被动关系，last week提示用一般过去时被动语态，执行者 “the engineer”已在句中出现，by不可省略，但选项中C多了by,正确表达应为was repaired by the engineer,.此处B虽省略了by,但根据选项设置，B为最佳答案（原句可能省略了by him等）。 易错点综合演练 高中人教版 【寒假专版】 选修4语法精讲 综合演练 I,单项选择（直击易错点） l.Many new houses-in the village last year.(易错点一) A.build B.built C.were built D.are built 2.What a pity！The accident_because of carelessness yesterday.(易错点二) A.happened B.was happened C.happens D.is happening 3.The old bridge_by workers now.(易错点三) A.is repairing B.is being repaired C.was repaired D.repairs 4.The students were made_the classroom after school..(易错点四) A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） 1.A lot of trees-(plant)in our city last spring.（易错点一) 2.The story-(happen)in a small town many years ago.(易错点二) 3.The letters_(write)by my sister just now.(易错点三) 4.The child was heard._(sing)in the room just now.(易错点四) Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺： Last year,a new park 1.-(build)in our neighborhood.Every morning,many people go there to exercise. Last week,an interesting thing 2.(happen)there.A little girl got lost and was crying.A kind man foundher and 3.-(take)her to the park office.The workers there 4.-(make)her call her parents.Soon, her parents came and thanked the man.Now,more and more people like to go to the park. V连词成句（聚焦易错句式） 1.the,classroom,cleaned,was,by,students,the,yesterday ()( 2.stoy,this,in,l990,happened()(易错点二) 3.is,the,being,bridge,built,workers,by,now()(易错点三) 4.to,he,homework,do,made,was,his()（易错点四) 参考答案 4 高中人教版 【寒假专版】 选修4语法精讲 I单项选择 1.C2.A3.B4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.were planted 2.happened 3.were written 4.to sing III.短文填空 1.was built 2.happened 3.took 4.made V.连词成句 1.The classroom was cleaned by the students yesterday. 2.This story happened in 1990. 3.The bridge is being built by workers now. 4.He was made to do his homework. 5