Unit 5定语从句与过去分词结合用法-2025-2026学年高中英语选修三语法易错点精讲（冀教版）

高中冀教版 【寒假专版】 选修3语法精讲 寒假专版 定语从句与过去分词结合用法专项训川练 寒假语法易错点精讲 学段：高中教材：冀教版 年级：选修3 语法认知 定语从句与过去分词的组合使用，在句中可作定语修饰名词或代词。 易错点讲解 易错点一：定语从句与过去分词作定语的语法功能混淆 讲解： 定语从句是完整的句子结构（含主语和谓语），起修饰限定作用；过去分词作定语时，分词与被修 饰词是被动关系，仅为短语结构（无谓语动词）。两者不可混用，需根据语境判断是否需要完整句 子。 例句： -定语从句：The girl who was invited to the party is my sister..(who was invited是完整句子，含主语 who和谓语was invited) -过去分词作定语：The girl invited to the party ismy sister..(invited是过去分词短语，无谓语，表被 动) 真题再现： 1.(2024河北石家庄期中，冀教版)The books from the library must be returned on time A.borrow B.borrowed C.which borrowed D.which is borrowed 答案：B 解析：空处需作定语修饰books,books与borrow是被动关系，用过去分词borrowed即可；C、 D选项定语从句中，关系代词hich作主语时，谓语需用被动语态(which were borrowed),故排除。 2.(2024河北唐山月考，冀教版)Do you know the studentby the teacher just now? A.was praised B.praised C.who praised D.whom praised 1 高中冀教版 【寒假专版】 选修3语法精讲 答案：B 解析：句中已有谓语动词know,空处需非谓语结构，student与praise是被动关系，用过去分词 praised:A选项是谓语动词，会导致句子双谓语，排除；C、D选项定语从句中，关系代词作主语 时谓语需用被动语态(who was praised),故排除。 易错点二：过去分词在定语从句简化时的时态和语态错误 讲解： 当定语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句含be动词时，可简化为“关系代词+be动词+过去分 词”→直接用过去分词。但需注意：若从句时态为主动或进行时，不可简化为过去分词。 例句： -正确简化：The letter(which was)written by my father is on the desk.(从句被动语态，可简化) -错误简化：The man(who is)talking to my mother is a doctor..(从句主动进行时，不可简化为talked) 真题再现： 1.(2023河北邯郸期末，冀教版)The story_by Lu Xun is still popular today. A.wrote B.was written C.written D.which wrote 答案：C 解析：tory与write是被动关系，定语从句which was written by Lu Xun可简化为过去分词written, 作后置定语。 2.(2023河北邢台期中，冀教版)The students_in the classroom are preparing for the exam, A.who are studying B.studying C.studied D.who studied 答案：B 解析：students与study是主动关系，定语从句who are studying可简化为现在分词studying:C选 项studied表被动，不符合语境，排除。 易错点三：关系代词在含过去分词的定语从句中的省略错误 讲解： 当定语从句中关系代词作主语且从句为被动语态时（主语+be+过去分词），关系代词和be动词 可同时省略；若关系代词作宾语，无论主动被动，均可省略。但关系代词作主语且从句为主动语 态时，不可省略。 例句： -可省略（主语+be+过去分词）：The photo(which was)taken in Paris is my favorite..(which作主 语，被动语态，可省略) -不可省略（主语+主动语态）：The girl who is singing is my sister.(who作主语，主动语态，不可 省略who is) 高中冀教版 【寒假专版】 选修3语法精讲 真题再现： 1.(2024河北保定期中，冀教版)This is the houseby my grandfather50 years ago. A.built B.which built C.was built D.who built 答案：A 解析：house与build是被动关系，定语从句which was built可省略为过去分词built,直接作定语。 2.(2023河北沧州月考，冀教版)I still remember the day I spent with my friends in the countryside, A.when B.which C.was spent D.spent 答案：D 解析：先行词day在从句中作宾语(I spent the day),关系代词which/hat可省略，直接用过去分 词spent表被动(day被度过)：A选项when作状语，不符合语境，排除。 易错点四：过去分词与现在分词作定语的语态混淆 讲解： 过去分词作定语表“被动或完成”，现在分词表“主动或进行”，需根据被修饰词与分词的逻辑关 系选择。若误将主动关系用过去分词，或被动关系用现在分词，会导致语义错误。 例句： -被动关系（过去分词）：a broken cup(杯子被打碎，表被动) 主动关系（现在分词）：a boiling pot(水正在沸腾，表主动进行) 真题再现： 1.(2024河北秦皇岛期末，冀教版)Look!Theleaves are dancing in the wind. A.fall B.falling C.fell D.fallen 答案：B 解析：leaves与fall是主动关系（叶子正在落下），用现在分词falling:D选项fallen表“已落下 的”，不符合“正在跳舞”的语境。 2.(2023河北张家口期中，冀教版)We should help the_people after the earthquake. A.affect B.affecting C.affected D.being affected 答案：C 解析：people与affect是被动关系（被地震影响的人），用过去分词affected;B选项表主动，D选 项表“正在被影响”，不符合语境，排除。 易错点综合演练 3 高中冀教版 【寒假专版】 选修3语法精讲 综合演练 I,单项选择（直击易错点） 1.The novel_by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages.(易错点一) A.write B.written C.which wrote D.was written 2.The children_in the park are flying kites happily.(易错点二) A.playing B.played C.who played D.are playing 3.This is the song_by the famous singer last year.(易错点三) A.sang B.was sung C.sung D.which sang 4.The girl to the headmaster just now is our monitor..(易错点四) A.talking B.talked C.who talks D.was talking Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） 1.The bridge_build)im20l0 connects the two cities..(易错点一) 2.The students_(read)books in the classroom are from Class Three.(易错点二) 3.The letter_post)yesterday will reach her tomorrow.(易错点三) 4.We should care about the animals_(Iive)in the wild..(易错点四) Ⅱ.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用括号内单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。（冀教版教材课文改编） Yesterday,I visited a museum with my friends.The first exhibit we saw was a painting-(create)by a famous artist in the 19th century.It was so beautiful that all of us were deeply attracted.Nearby,there were some ancient coins(show)in a glass case.They_(discover)in a small village last year.Then we met a guide(explain)the history of the museum to visitors.He told us many interesting stories behind the exhibits. V.连词成句（聚焦易错句式） l.the,by,film,directed,this,famous,was,director()(易错点一) 2.students,the,in,lab,experimenting,are,the()（易错点二) 3.book,I,borrowed,.from,the,library,last week,was,lost()(易错点三) 4.bird,the,singing,in,tree,the,is,beautiful()(易错点四) 参考答案 4 高中冀教版 【寒假专版】 选修3语法精讲 I单项选择 1B2.A3.C4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1built 2reading 3.posted 4.living III.短文填空 1.created 2.shown 3.discovered 4.explaining V.连词成句 1.This film was directed by the famous director. 2.The students are experimenting in the lab. 3.The book I borrowed from the library last week was lost. 4.The bird singing in the tree is beautiful. 5