上海市杨浦区控江中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试卷

上海市控江中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评 英语试卷 （笔试满分115分，完成时间105分钟） 2025.9 II. Grammar and Vocabulary (每题1分, 共20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank. Coral Cultures Studying corals usually requires either observing them alive in the ocean or examining their dead tissue in a laboratory. But new research offers a way to keep all coral cell types alive in a lab culture for two weeks or (21) ____ (long), opening novel experimental possibilities. The cells of cnidarians (a group that includes corals and sea anemones) are notoriously difficult (22) ____ (culture). These cells (23) ____ (easily damage) during extraction, and corals also have complex microbiomes (微生物群) that are tricky to wipe out with antibiotics. But (24) ____ left alive, the microbes often take over cell cultures. Many cnidarians are both endangered and critical for marine ecosystem health. “We need to do more than just document (25) ____ death,” says University of Miami marine biologist Nikki Traylor-Knowles, who is senior author on a new study in Scientific Reports. In it, her team details how to reduce a coral to its constituent cells and then grow them all together — like (26) ____ (cultivate) the animal on a plate. The researchers made slight changes to a standard growth medium (made of seawater, chemicals and antibiotics) to reach optimal formulas for two different cnidarian species These formulas let all the (27) ____ (test) species' cell types grow at once, without microbes or extraneous (无关的) tissues. The new methodology will bring unparalleled visibility into how cell types interact, Traylor-Knowles says, and it will allow for higher-volume experiments without raising or killing whole animals. Scientists do not yet understand all cnidarian cell types, (28) ____ ____ their functions. These cultures could show how different cells respond to stressors, (29) ____ types are most vulnerable to health failures, and possibly where cnidarians get their impressive regenerative abilities. The study is groundbreaking, says molecular biologist Juris Grasis of the University of California, Merced, who was not involved with the paper but also studies cnidarians. He says he was “jealous as hell” when he saw the result. Some cell populations survived for as long as 30 days, he notes, (30) ____ implies the possibility of scaling up cell reproduction for future research. Next up, Grasis says: “How do we translate this back into the field and make corals healthy again?” Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. chief B. contained C. cousin D. defeat E. engaging F. experience G. imposing H. persist I. paralyzed J. obligations K. rushed A lively, entertaining, and philosophical guide to time and time management The average human lifespan is absurdly, terrifyingly, insultingly short. Here's one way of putting things in perspective: the first modern humans appeared on the plains of Africa at least 200,000 years ago, and scientists estimate that life, in some form, will (31) ____ for another 1.5 billion years or more, until the intensifying heat of the sun puts the last organism to death. But you? Assuming you live to be eighty, you'll have had about four thousand weeks. It follows from this that time management, broadly defined, should be everyone's (32) ____ concern; arguably, time management is all life is. Yet the modern discipline known as time management, like its hipper (33) ____ productivity, is a depressingly narrow-minded affair, focused on how to crank through as many work tasks as possible, or on devising the perfect morning routine, or on cooking all your dinners for the week in one big batch on Sundays. These things matter to some extent, no doubt. But they're hardly all that matters. The world is bursting with wonder, yet it's the rare productivity guru (大师) who seems to have considered the possibility that the point of all our frenetic doing might be to (34) ____ more of that wonder. The world also seems to be heading to hell in a handcart — a pandemic has (35) ____ society, and the planet is getting hotter and hotter — but good luck finding a time management system that makes any room for (36) ____ productively with your fellow citizens, with current events, or with the fate of the environment. This book is an attempt to redress the balance. It is written in the belief that time management has failed miserably. Productivity is a trap. Becoming more efficient just makes you more (37) ____. Nobody in the history of humanity has ever achieved “work-life balance,” whatever that might be. The day will never arrive when you finally have everything under control: when the flood of emails has been (38) ____; when your to-do lists have stopped getting longer; when you're meeting all your (39) ____ at work and in your home life; and when the fully optimized person you've become can turn, at last, to the things life is really supposed to be about. Let's start by admitting (40) ____: none of this is ever going to happen. But you know what? That's excellent news. III. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (每题1分, 共15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Patient Care Must Include a Gun Talk “Hello, what brings you here today?” a doctor asks a patient. “I'm here for my checkup,” the patient responds. “Great, let's start with some routine screening questions to see whether you have any (41) ____ factors we need to talk about,” the doctor says. “Do you exercise regularly? Do you smoke? Do you consume drugs or alcohol? Do you eat a healthy diet? Do you have access to a firearm inside or outside of your household?” “No, no, no, no, yes,” the patient answers. “Okay, let's talk about firearm safety,” the doctor says. Sounds simple, right? But it really isn't. For years doctors have considered gun violence to be a public health issue. Nevertheless, most health-care workers still do not talk to their patients about guns. In many settings, questions about firearm safety are (42) ____ except in special cases such as those concerning people who are at risk of suicide, which accounts for roughly 60 percent of the nearly 40,000 gun deaths in the U.S. every year. Such targeted screening, however, can (43) ____ bias and stigmatization (污名化), which hinders our ability to normalize conversations about firearm safety with our patients. If we could figure out how to make such safety checks routine, the harm (44) ____ could be significant — and we could provide policy makers with valuable insights into how to depolarize, depoliticize and humanize discussions surrounding the prevention of firearm injuries. (45) ____, we in the health-care lane have a unique opportunity to use an approach that focuses solely on safety and injury prevention, without involving the Second Amendment. Such universal “we ask everyone” strategies — which can (46) ____ the pressure to decide who does and does not need screening — have been used successfully in public health approaches to other polarized issues such as substance use, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. So why are many doctors (47) ____ to bring up firearm injury prevention? The truth is that we do not fully understand why. We know very little about how to normalize and humanize conversations about it — and (48) ____ don't want us to. A decade ago, for example, Florida went so far as to forbid physicians from asking patients routine gun-related questions and courts ultimately invalidated (使无效) the law as a(n) (49) ____ of doctors' rights. We do not have the data we need to inform us on the best way to have these talks. Health-care workers already face a number of evident (50) ____ when it comes to such counseling, including a lack of education on the subject, fear of offending some patients, and inadequate resources for screening and counseling about (51) ____ strategies. Fortunately, the tide is changing. A combination of recent federal funding for research into firearm injury prevention, momentum in the health-care industry and the (52) ____ level of gun violence in the U.S. might finally push doctors to ask every patient about firearm safety and gun violence risk during routine health visits. We need to work diligently with gun owners, survivors and community-based organizations alike to develop culturally competent education and (53) ____ strategies geared toward making these talks a part of routine checkups. Being able to ask the questions in the first place is an essential starting point. The country is at last (54) ____ concerned physicians in supporting a public health approach to gun violence prevention. If we succeed in depolarizing conversations about firearm deaths, as well as about the hundreds of nonfatal firearm injuries that happen every day in the U.S., it could have a (55) ____ effect among the general public, further bolstering (加强) our argument that this matter is a public health issue. Let's make sure we get it right. 41. A. key B. complicating C. risk D. contributing 42. A. searching B. offensive C. open-ended D. straight 43. A. address B. minimize C. detect D. introduce 44. A. assessment B. reduction C. prediction D. enhancement 45. A. After all B. In addition C. Nevertheless D. Instead 46. A. remove B. activate C. legalize D. release 47. A. straightforward B. hard C. hesitant D. indifferent 48. A. children protectors B. gun-rights activists C. manufacturing workers D. weapon dealers 49. A. shortage B. violation C. preservation D. admission 50. A. barriers B. facts C. aids D. consequences 51. A. innovative B. risky C. deliberate D. preventive 52. A. recommended B. low C. superficial D. shocking 53. A. acceleration B. intervention C. perfection D. recognition 54. A. turning off B. putting away C. getting behind D. speeding up 55. A. ripple B. calming C. disproportionate D. disastrous Section B (每题2分, 共22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The term "Hudson River school" was applied to the foremost representatives of nineteenth-century North American landscape painting. Apparently unknown during the golden days of the American landscape movement, which began around 1850 and lasted until the late 1860s, the Hudson River school seems to have emerged in the 1870s as a direct result of the struggle between the old and the new generations of artists, each to assert its own style as the representative American art. The older painters, most of whom were born before 1835, practiced in a mode often self-taught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securely established in and fostered by the reigning American art organization, the National Academy of Design. The younger painters returning home from training in Europe worked more with figural subject matter and in a bold and impressionistic technique; their prospects for patronage (资助) in their own country were uncertain, and they sought to attract it by attaining academic recognition in New York. One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was that what in previous years had been referred to as the "American", "native", or, occasionally, "New York" school — the most representative school of American art in any genre — had by 1890 become firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school. The sobriquet (绰号, 外号) was first applied around 1879. While it was not intended as flattering, it was hardly inappropriate. The Academicians at whom it was aimed had worked and socialized in New York, the Hudson's port city, and had painted the river and its shores with varying frequency. Most important, perhaps, was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity — a manner of technique and composition consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist, Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the Hudson River. A possible implication in the term applied to the group of landscapists was that many of them had, like Cole, lived on or near the banks of the Hudson. Further, the river had long served as the principal route to other sketching grounds favored by the Academicians, particularly the Adirondacks and the mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire. 56. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The National Academy of Design B. Landscape painting that featured the Hudson River C. North American landscape paintings D. The training of American artists in European academies 57. According to the passage, what was the function of the National Academy of Design for the painters born before 1835? A. It mediated conflicts between artists. B. It supervised the incorporation of new artistic techniques. C. It determined which subjects were appropriate. D. It supported their growth and development. 58. The underlined word “it” in line 12 refers to ______. A. matter B. technique C. patronage D. country 59. Where did the younger generation of painters receive its artistic training? A. In Europe. B. In the Adirondacks. C. In Vermont. D. In New Hampshire. (B) ◆ Landerneau, France Tour de France crash: A Tour de France spectator was arrested this week for causing a mass wreck that injured nine cyclists during the event's first stage. The 30-year-old French woman, whose name has not been released, stepped in front of the racing pack with a sign reading Allez Opi-Omi (Go, Grandpa and Grandma!) and clipped German rider Tony Martin. He lost his balance, fell, and set off a cascade of collisions. It looked “like a war zone,” said doctor Gilbert Versier. German athlete Jasha Sütterlin dropped out of the competition because of injuries suffered during the pileup. The woman is accused of involuntarily causing injury and putting the lives of others at risk; she could face up to two years in prison and a fine of $35,000. ◆ London Health minister disgraced: Already battling criticism that he mishandled Britain's pandemic response, Health Minister Matt Hancock was forced to resign this week after being caught on video kissing and cuddling with a female aide in violation of Covid distancing rules. The Sun tabloid published the office surveillance footage, which showed Hancock embracing Gina Coladangelo, a millionaire lobbyist and an old friend from Oxford University whom the married minister had hired as an aide. Prime Minister Boris Johnson initially stood by Hancock, but after the health minister was criticized by the press and fellow Conservative lawmakers, Johnson accepted his resignation. Hancock had frequently lectured the public to stay 6 feet away from non-family members, and once described lockdown-breaking flings as “a matter for the police.” ◆ Kampala, Uganda Delta surges across Africa: Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni called on citizens to plead for divine intervention (上帝之佑) this week as the Delta variant of Covid-19 ripped through his country and medical facilities ran out of oxygen. Uganda is in full lockdown, with only vehicles carrying cargo or the sick allowed on the roads and employees forced to sleep at their workplaces. Many other African countries are in a similar plight. John Nkengasong of the African CDC said that in just the past week, Covid-19 infections on the continent had jumped by 31 percent, to 5.4 million, and deaths by 19 percent, to 142,000. “The hospitals are completely overwhelmed,” he said. South Africa, which accounts for 40 percent of the deaths, has also gone into a two-week lockdown, with a curfew (宵禁) and a ban on alcohol sales. 60. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The Tour de France became a war zone because of a 30-year-old French woman. B. The British Prime Minister resigned his post because he kissed a female aide. C. A growing number of African people had infected with Covid-19 in the past week thanks to the Delta variant. D. Jasha Sütterlin no longer participated in the competition for fear of being infected with Covid-19. 61. What does the underlined word “plight” mean according to the passage? A. a difficult situation B. making a promise C. a state of being unfair D. improvement despite difficulties 62. Which section would this passage most probably be found in the Newsweek magazine? A. The Archives B. In Focus C. Global News D. Editorial Comment (C) Hackers constantly improve at penetrating cyberdefenses to steal valuable documents. So some researchers propose using an artificial-intelligence algorithm (算法) to hopelessly confuse them, once they break in, by hiding the real deal amid a mountain of convincing fakes. The algorithm, called Word Embedding-based Fake Online Repository Generation Engine (WE-FORGE), generates decoys of patents under development. But someday it could “create a lot of fake versions of every document that a company feels it needs to guard,” says its developer, Dartmouth College cybersecurity researcher V. S. Subrahmanian. If hackers were after, say, the formula for a new drug, they would have to find the relevant needle in a haystack of fakes. This could mean checking each formula in detail — and perhaps investing in a few dead-end recipes. “The name of the game here is, ‘Make it harder,'” Subrahmanian explains. “Inflict (使遭受) pain on those stealing from you.” Subrahmanian says he tackled this project after reading that companies are unaware of new kinds of cyberattacks for an average of 312 days after they begin. “The bad guy has almost a year to decamp with all our documents, all our intellectual property,” he says. “Even if you're a Pfizer (辉瑞，美国知名制药公司), that's enough time to steal almost everything. It's not just the crown jewels — it's the crown jewels, and the jewels of the maid, and the watch of the secretary!” Counterfeit (伪 造 的) documents produced by WE-FORGE could also act as hidden “trip wires,” says Rachel Tobac, CEO of cybersecurity consultancy Social Proof Security. For example, an enticing file might alert security when accessed. Companies have typically used human-created fakes for this strategy. “But now if this AI is able to do that for us, then we can create a lot of new documents that are believable for an attacker — without having to do more work,” says Tobac, who was not involved in the project. The system produces convincing decoys by searching through a document for keywords. For each one it finds, it calculates a list of related concepts and replaces the original term with one chosen at random. The process can produce dozens of documents that contain no proprietary (所有权的) information but still look believable. Subrahmanian and his team asked computer science and chemistry graduate students to evaluate real and fake patents from their respective fields, and the humans found the WE-FORGE-generated documents highly believable. WE-FORGE might eventually expand its scope, but Subrahmanian notes that a document recommending a course of action, for instance, would be much more complex than a technical formula. Still, both he and Tobac think this research will attract commercial interest. “I could definitely see an organization leveraging this type of product,” Tobac says. “If this creates believable decoys without releasing sensitive details within those decoys, then I think you've got a huge win there.” 63. The word “decoys” probably refers to _______. A. projects that are intended to locate hackers and arrest them if possible B. fake documents that are used to trick hackers into stealing them C. professionals who design programmes to trap attackers D. computer programs that are applied to computer science and other fields 64. What will happen once hackers hit upon the WE-GORGE-generated documents? A. They will find a needle in a haystack and get pricked and bleed. B. They will be after another formula for a new drug without proper formula. C. They will have to pour a considerable amount of money to check each plausible formula. D. They will be arrested by the local police because of their illegal action. 65. What can be learned from the passage? A. Hackers can distinguish fake documents and real ones created by humans if they are given enough time. B. The basic principle employed by WE-FORGE is to scramble and substitute keywords to create relevant but fake documents. C. Computer science graduate students are asked to evaluate real and fake patents in the chemistry field. D. Both Subrahmanian and Tobac believe this research will have a commercial success if it is sold to hackers. 66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Solutions to New Patents B. Too Much Information C. Development in Computer Science D. New Implication of AI Section C (每题2分, 共8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. She had found the shop when she was twenty-five, and her stepfather, Ken, had bought the lease for her. B. He was normally a noisy, red-faced man who was fond of beer and gossip. C. A few moments later she reached the street where Leo had his studio. D. She went down into the street, knowing that he was watching her go. E. Then she stepped out into the street, and paused to look up at the facade. F. She checked to make sure that the envelope containing the cinema tickets was there, too. A Woman of Our Times It was half past five. The street outside Harriet's shop was crowded with office workers flooding toward the tube station. Harriet finished checking the till, and went through the shop turning off the lights and setting the alarm. ______67______ It was pristine white, with the shop's name, Stepping, in black, identical to the other shops in the chain. All the Stepping shops sold dance and exercise wear. Most of them, as Harriet's was, were owned as franchises. She had been running her business for nearly five years. ______68______ She was paying back the principal now. It had been a sound investment for him. She was less sure, now, whether she was satisfied with it. She knew that it would never make her rich, but more importantly it no longer gave her the excitement it once had. Harriet dropped the keys into her handbag. ______69______ It was Leo who wanted to see the film, and she had booked the tickets to surprise him. She began to walk briskly, looking forward to the evening with her husband. ______70______ Leo was a photographer, quite a successful one. His studio was on the first floor of a small warehouse building. She pressed the button of the timed switch beside the door and light washed over her. She had the impression that the click had sounded a warning. There was a scuffle on the other side of the door. She fitted the key deftly into the lock, and the door swung inward. IV. Summary Writing (10分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 71. Digging deep What you see depends on where you stand. The unarguable fact that most archaeologists live in the rich world means two things. One is that the fossils of these places are far better studied than those of poorer countries, which is a scientific pity. The other is that what knowledge has been acquired about poor-country archaeology is frequently the result of visits by rich-country archaeologists. All this was well known, if not quantified, before Nussaibah Raja put numbers on it in a paper published in Nature Ecology and Evolution. Ms Raja, however, sees not just a regrettable history-induced bias that should certainly be addressed in future, but also a continuing pillage (劫掠) of poor countries by the scientific establishments of rich places more powerful than they. Perhaps. But an alternative view is possible. This is that many of the world's poor countries have higher priorities than studying their fossils, that letting foreign researchers do it for them is not wrong, provided no laws are broken, and that it is patronizing (高人一等的态度) to suggest otherwise. Moreover, as Ms Raja observes, several not-yet-properly rich places, notably Egypt, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and India, are indeed developing as archaeological powers in their own right. And, as she further points out, Egyptian archaeologists are starting to take an interest in Myanmar's fossiliferous amber beds that one might see as predatory (掠夺性的) as that of any Western fossil hunter. Ms Raja rightly notes that rich-country scientists could do more to assist their poor-world hosts, especially by recruiting local researchers onto their teams to transfer expertise — something they are currently bad at. V. Translation (3+3+4+5, 共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 乐队演奏着圆舞曲，我们在地板上优美地滑动，轻轻握着对方的手腕。(as) 73. 猪肉裹着小麦粉在柴火上烤，香气四溢，让人食指大动。(grill) 74. 移植猪的器官到人身上不再是天方夜谭，这向解决移植器官短缺问题迈了一大步，亦鲜有伦理问题。(no longer) 75. 这部电影火爆全球，播放流量居首，催生了数百万抖音（TikTok）小视频和数十篇分析该剧的严谨文章。(stream) VI. Guided Writing (25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 76. 你校体育组在校园网就高三体育课程改革广泛征求意见，并提出两种方案：一、取消统一大课间操，改为自由安排。二、调整传统课程，增设健美操(aerobics)和太极拳(Tai Chi)作为选修课程。请你在论坛上发帖谈谈自己的看法，内容包括：你赞成哪种高三体育课程改革？并简要说明理由。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $