内容正文:
初中外研版
【寒假专版】
8年级下册语法精讲
寒假专版
现在分词doing)与过去分词(done)作定
语的区别
寒假语法易错点精讲
学段:初中教材:教科外研版(五四制)
年级:8年级下册
语法认知
现在分词(doing)作定语表示主动或正在进行的动作,过去分词(done)作定语表示被动或已完
成的动作,在句中修饰名词。
易错点讲解
易错点一:现在分词与过去分词作定语时的主动与被动关系混淆
讲解:
现在分词(doing)作定语时,与被修饰名词构成主动关系,表示“正在做某事的”;过去分词(done)
作定语时,与被修饰名词构成被动关系,表示“被做某事的”。
例句:The girl singing is my sister.(singing与girl是主动关系,女孩正在唱歌);The book written
by Lu Xun is popular.(written与book是被动关系,书被鲁迅写)
真题再现:
1.(2024山东济南期中,外研版)Look!The一leaves are dancing in the wind.
A.fall B.falling C.fallen D.falls
答案:B解析:树叶正在飘落,leaves与fall是主动关系,用现在分词falling作定语。
2.(2024河北石家庄月考,外研版)We should collect一paper to recycle.
A.use B.using C.used D.uses
答案:C解析:paper与use是被动关系,“被使用过的纸”,用过去分词used作定语。
易错点二:现在分词与过去分词作定语时的时间概念混淆
初中外研版
【寒假专版】
8年级下册语法精讲
讲解:
现在分词(doing)作定语可表示动作正在进行:过去分词(done)作定语表示动作已完成。
例句:a developing country(发展中国家,正在发展):a developed country(发达国家,已发展完
成)
真题再现:
1.(2023天津和平区期末,外研版)There are many一stories in this book.
A.interest B.interesting C.interested D.interests
答案:B解析:stories与interest是主动关系,“令人感兴趣的故事”,且表示事物本身的性质,
用现在分词interesting。
2.(2023山西晋中期中,外研版)The一children are waiting for their parents at the school gate..
A.disappoint B.disappointing C.disappointed D.disappoints
答案:C解析:children与disappoint是被动关系,“感到失望的孩子”,表示人的感受,用过去
分词disappointed。
易错点三:现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的混淆
讲解:
现在分词作定语修饰名词时,二者有逻辑主谓关系;动名词作定语修饰名词时,二者是所属关系
(用途)。
例句:a running boy(现在分词,男孩在跑):a running shoes(动名词,跑鞋,用于跑步的鞋)
真题再现:
1.(2024辽宁沈阳月考,外研版)I needa一machine to make juice.
A.work
B.working C.worked D.works
答案:B解析:machine与work是主动关系,“正在工作的机器”,用现在分词working作定语。
2.(2023重庆江北区期末,外研版)This is a一room.We can read books here..
A.read B.reading C.readed D.reads
答案:B解析:“阅览室”,reading表示用途,动名词作定语修饰room。
易错点四:过去分词作定语的位置错误
讲解:
单个过去分词作定语通常放在名词前:过去分词短语作定语通常放在名词后。
例句:a broken cup(单个过去分词在前):the girl called Mary(过去分词短语在后)
2
初中外研版
【寒假专版】
8年级下册语法精讲
真题再现:
1.(2024山东青岛期中,外研版)Do you know the girl一in red?
A.dress B.dressing C.dressed D.dresses
答案:C解析:过去分词短语dressed inred作后置定语修饰the girl,表示“穿着红色衣服的女孩”。
2.(2023河北唐山期末,外研版)He bought a一car from the shop
A.use B.using C.used D.uses
答案:C解析:单个过去分词used作前置定语修饰car,“一辆二手车”。
易错点综合演练
综合演练
I单项选择(直击易错点)
l.The_girl is my best friend.(易错点一)
A.smile B.smiling C.smiled D.smiles
2.We should help the一people in the earthquake area.(易错点二)
A.injure B.injuring C.injured D.injures
3.This is a-desk.It's for teachers to work on.(易错点三)
A.teacher B.teaching C.taught D.teaches
4.Do you know the boy_by the tree?(易错点四)
A.stand B.standing C.stood D.stands
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(强化易错点区分)
1.Look at the_(fal)snow outside.It's so beautiful.(易错点一)
2.My mother likes wearing_make)clothes.(易错点二)
3.I need a_(swim)cap for the swimming class..(易错点三)
4.The book-(write))by Mo Yan is very popular.(易错点四)
Ⅱ.短文填空(综合运用四大易错点)
用所给词的适当形式填空,使短文完整通顺。(外研版教材课文改编)
Last Sunday,I went to the park with my family.There were many_(interest)things to see.We saw
some(run)children on the grass.Near the lake,there was a_(fish)man.He had a_(break)fishing
rod.A girl(call)Lily helped him fix it.Everyone was happy that day.
V连词成句(聚焦易错句式)
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初中外研版
【寒假专版】
8年级下册语法精讲
1.the,barking,dog,is,a,black()(易错点一)
2.this,song,is,by,sung,a,famous,singer,()(易错点二)
3.a,room,reading,this,is,()(易错点三)
4.the,girl,in,red,is,a,called,May,()(易错点四)
参考答案
I单项选择
1B2.C3.B4.C
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.falling 2.made
3.swimming
4.written
I.短文填空
1.interesting
2.running
3.fishing
4.broken 5.called
V.连词成句
1.The barking dog is a black.
2.This song is sung by a famous singer
3.This is a reading room.
4.The girl in red is called a Mary.
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