被动语态扩展情态动词和现在完成时 被动-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法易错点精讲（教科版五四制）

初中外研版 【寒假专版】 8年级下册语法精讲 寒假专版 被动语态专项训练 寒假语法易错点精讲 学段：初中教材：教科外研版（五四制） 年级：八下 语法认知 被动语态扩展（情态动词和现在完成时被动）=情态动词(can,may,must等)+be+过去分词/ 现在完成时(have/has+been+过去分词)，前者表示“某事能够/可能/必须被做”，后者表示“某 事已经被做”，在句中强调动作的承受者或动作的被动关系。 易错点讲解 易错点一：情态动词被动语态中“be”动词的遗漏 讲解： 情态动词(can/may/must/.should等)后接被动语态时，结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”，必须 保留be动词，不可直接用“情态动词+过去分词”。 例句：The work must be finished today.（正确)→The work must finished today..(错误) 真题再现： 1.(2024山东济南期中，外研版)These old books_thrown away.They are still useful A.needn't be B.needn't C.must be D.must 答案：A解析：根据句意“这些书不必被扔掉”，情态动词needn't后需接be+过去分词构成被 动语态，故选A。 2.(2024河北石家庄月考，外研版)Look at the sigr!The door_locked when leaving: -OK,I will. A.can be B.must be C.must D.can 答案：B解析：“门必须被锁上”应用情态动词must的被动语态must be locked,be动词不可省 略，故选B。 易错点二：现在完成时被动语态中“have/has'”与“be”的误用 1 初中外研版 【寒假专版】 8年级下册语法精讲 讲解： 现在完成时被动语态结构为“have/has+been+过去分词”，需注意“been”是be的过去分词，不可 用“have/has+be”或“be+过去分词”。 例句：The bridge has been built for 10 years..(正确)→The bridge has be built for 10 years.(错误) 真题再现： 1.(2023天津和平区期末，外研版)Great changes_in our city since2020. A.have been taken place B.have taken place C.has been taken place D.has taken place 答案：B解析：take place(发生)是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，排除A、C;主语changes 是复数，用have,故选B。 2.(2023山西运城期中，外研版)一the homeworkyet? -Yes,it by Tom an hour ago. A.Has;been finished;was finished B.Have;finished;finished C.Has;finished;was finished D.Have;been finished;finished 答案：A解析：第一句时间状语yet提示用现在完成时被动语态，主语homework是单数，用has been finished;第二句an hour ago提示用一般过去时被动语态was finished,故选A。 易错点三：主动语态与被动语态的主谓一致混淆 讲解： 被动语态中，谓语动词的数需与主语（动作承受者）一致，而非原主动语态中的主语（动作执行 者)。 例句：The books have been sold out.(主语books是复数，用have)一The book has been sold out. (主语book是单数，用has) 真题再现： 1.(2024辽宁沈阳月考，外研版)A new libraryin our school and it._to students next month, A.has been built;will be opened B.have been built;will open C.has built;is opened D.have built;opens 答案：A解析：第一句主语library是单数，现在完成时被动语态用has been built:第二句主语 it指代library,用一般将来时被动语态will be opened,.故选A。 2.(2023重庆江北区期末，外研版)Three letters_by Lucy yesterday,and they_to Beijing now. A.were written;are being sent B.was written;is being sent C.wrote;are sending D.written;sent 答案：A解析：第一句主语letters是复数，一般过去时被动语态用were written;第二句now提 2 初中外研版 【寒假专版】 8年级下册语法精讲 示用现在进行时被动语态are being sent,故选A。 易错点四：情态动词被动语态与主动语态的逻辑主语混淆 讲解： 当主语是动作执行者时用主动语态，是动作承受者时用被动语态，需根据句意判断逻辑关系，避 免主被动误用。 例句：We must finish the task on time.(主动，主语we是执行者)→The task must be finished on time.(被动，主语task是承受者) 真题再现： 1.(2024山东青岛期中，外研版)一Should we clean the classroom now? -No,it by the students from Class 2 just now. A.cleans B.cleaned C.was cleaned D.should clean 答案：C解析：it指代classroom,是“被打扫”的承受者，just now提示用一般过去时被动语 态was cleaned,故选C。 2.(2023河北唐山期末，外研版)This kind of bike_in Shanghai and it_well all over the country. A.is made;sells B.makes;is sold C.is made;is sold D.makes;sells 答案：A解析：第一句“自行车被制造”用被动语态is made:第二句sell well(畅销)是不及 物动词短语，无被动语态，用主动表被动，故选A。 易错点综合演练 综合演练 I单项选择（直击易错点） l.The broken windowrepaired immediately to keep students safe.（易错点一) A.must be B.must C.should D.can 2.Our classroom_already_by the cleaning workers.(易错点二) A.has;cleaned B.has;been cleaned C.is;cleaned D.was;cleaned 3.A new bridge-across the river last year and it._thousands of cars every day..(易错点三) A.was built;carries B.were built;is carried C.built;carried D.was building;carries 4.This storybook_in English and itall over the world.(易错点四) A.is written;sells B.writes;is sold C.is writing;sells D.wrote;sold 3 初中外研版 【寒假专版】 8年级下册语法精讲 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化易错点区分） l.These old magazines._(can/hrow)away because they are still valuable..(易错点一) 2.The project_has/complete)since last month.(易错点二) 3.Three new schools_(build)in our city last year.(易错点三) 4.The flowers in the garden_(should/water)every morning.（易错点四) 1.短文填空（综合运用四大易错点） 用括号内动词的正确语态形式填空，使短文完整通顺。（外研版教材课文改编） Anew community center 1.-(build)near our neighborhood last year.Now it 2.-(use)by hundreds of people every day.The center 3.-(must/keep)clean,so volunteers come to help every weekend.Many interesting activities 4.-(hold)here since it opened,and more activities 5.(plan)for next month. Local people say the center 6.(bring)them a lot of happiness. IV.连词成句（聚焦易错句式） 1.be,the,homework,must,before,.finished,class()（易错点一) 2.since,the park,has,opem,2010,been()(易错点二) 3.trees,.many,.last spring,.were,planted,here()（易错点三) 4.this kind of watch,in China,is,make,and,well,sells()(易错点四) 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.B3.A4.A Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.can't be thrown 2.has been completed 3.were built 4.should be watered I短文填空 1.was built 2.is used 3.must be kept 4.have been held 5.are planned 6.has brought 4 初中外研版 【寒假专版】 8年级下册语法精讲 V.连词成句 1.The homework must be finished before class. 2.The park has been open since 2010. 3.Many trees were planted here last spring. 4.This kind of watch is made in China and sells well. 5