Unit 5 Amazing nature 形容词 副词的比较级和最高级 (语法讲解+分层精练）-2025-2026学年外研版七年级英语下册

该初中英语知识清单聚焦“形容词、副词的比较级和最高级”核心语法点，涵盖基本概念与功能、规则/不规则变化形式、常用比较结构、易错点与高频考点五大知识范畴，搭建从概念理解到规则掌握再到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单以“语法讲解+分层精练”为特色，标注“必须熟记”的不规则变化（如good/well→better→best），通过“比较对象一致性”等易错点分析培养思维品质，设计中考题型专项练习（单选、填空等）提升语言能力。分层练习满足不同学生需求，辅助教师精准教学，便利学生自主高效复习。

Unit 5 Amazing nature （形容词、副词的比较级和最高级） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）基本概念与功能 1 （二）规则变化形式 1 （三）不规则变化 (必须熟记) 2 （四）常用比较结构与句型 2 （五）使用中的易错点与高频考点 2 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) 3 （一）单项选择 (共10题) 3 （二）用所给词的正确形式填空 (共10题) 4 （三）句型转换 (共5题) 5 （四）句子改错 (共5题) 6 一、语法讲解 （一）基本概念与功能 （1）比较级 (Comparative)：用于两者（人或事物）之间的比较，表示“更…”。 句型：A + be/实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B. (例：Tom is taller than Mike.) （2）最高级 (Superlative)：用于三者或三者以上之间的比较，表示“最…”。 句型：A + be/实义动词 + the + 最高级 (+ 比较范围). (例：Tom is the tallest (in our class).) （二）规则变化形式 形容词/副词原级 构成方法 比较级 最高级 大多数单音节和少数双音节词 词尾加 -er, -est tall → taller the tallest 以 e 结尾的词 词尾加 -r, -st nice → nicer the nicest 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词 变 y 为 i，再加 -er, -est happy → happier the happiest 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）结尾的词 双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -er, -est big → bigger the biggest 部分双音节和所有多音节词 在原级前加 more, most careful → more careful the most careful （三）不规则变化 (必须熟记) 原级 比较级 最高级 good / well better the best bad / ill / badly worse the worst many / much more the most little (少/小) less the least far (距离) farther / further the farthest / the furthest （四）常用比较结构与句型 （1）同级比较 (as...as)：A + be/实义动词 + as + 原级 + as + B. (例：He runs as fast as me.) （2）不及同级 (not as/so...as)：A + be/实义动词 not + as/so + 原级 + as + B. (例：He is not as tall as his brother.) （3）“比较级 + and + 比较级”：表示“越来越…”。 (例：It's getting colder and colder.) （4）“the + 比较级, the + 比较级”：表示“越…，就越…”。 (例：The more you read, the more you know.) （5）“Which/Who is + 比较级, A or B?”：在两者之间选择哪一个更…。 （6）最高级的范围表达：用 in + 单数集体名词 或 of/among + 复数名词。 (例：the tallest in the class / of the three boys) （五）使用中的易错点与高频考点 （1）比较对象的一致性：避免与自身比较。 (×) My hair is longer than you. → (√) My hair is longer than yours. （2）修饰词的使用：比较级前可用 much, a lot, far, even, a little 等词修饰；最高级前可用 the second, by far 等。 （3）定冠词 the 的省略：副词最高级前常省略 the，形容词最高级作表语且无比肩范围时也可省略。 He runs (the) fastest in our school. （4）固定表达与特殊句型：one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词，more and more 等。 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) （一）单项选择 (共10题) 1. The air in the countryside is much ______ than that in the city. A. fresh B. fresher C. freshest D. the freshest 答案与解析：B。有 than 和 much 修饰，需要用比较级。 2. Lucy is one of ______ students in our class. Everyone likes her. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular 答案与解析：D。“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最…的之一”。 3. This storybook is ______ interesting than that one. I like both. A. so B. as C. more D. much 答案与解析：C。有 than，且 “interesting” 是多音节词，比较级应为 more interesting。 4. Who runs ______, Tom, Jack or Sam? A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 答案与解析：D。三者比较，用最高级，副词最高级前 the 可省，但选项D最完整。 5. The ______ you practice, the ______ you will speak English. A. more; well B. much; good C. more; better D. much; better 答案与解析：C。“The + 比较级， the + 比较级” 结构。practice 是动词，用 more 修饰；speak 需要副词 well 的比较级 better。 6. This box is ______ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me? A. too B. so C. much D. more 答案与解析：A。此处考查“too...to”结构（太…而不能…），不是比较级。 7. He doesn't play basketball ______ his brother, but he plays football better. A. as good as B. as well as C. better than D. worse than 答案与解析：B。not as/so...as 表示“不如…”。修饰动词 play 要用副词 well。 8. My hometown is becoming ______. A. beautiful and beautiful B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. the most beautiful 答案与解析：C。“越来越漂亮” 应用 “more and more + 多音节形容词原级”。 9. —Which season do you like ______, spring or autumn? —I like spring better. A. good B. well C. better D. best 答案与解析：C。问句是两者选择 “A or B”，应用比较级。 10. Of all the subjects, physics seems to be ______ for me. A. difficult B. more difficult C. most difficult D. the most difficult 答案与解析：D。“Of all...” 表示在所有范围中比较，应用最高级。多音节词 difficult 的最高级是 the most difficult。 （二）用所给词的正确形式填空 (共10题) 1. Jim studies much ______ (hard) than before, so he makes great progress. 答案与解析：harder。有 than，用比较级。hard 是单音节副词，比较级直接加 -er。 2. This is ______ (bad) movie I have ever seen. I want to leave now. 答案与解析：the worst。后有定语从句修饰，表示“我看过的电影中最…”，用最高级。bad 的最高级是 the worst。 3. The sun is much ______ (big) than the earth. It's a fact. 答案与解析：bigger。有 than 和 much 修饰，用比较级。big 重读闭音节结尾，双写 g 加 -er。 4. Who is ______ (tall), Lucy, Lily or Linda? 答案与解析：the tallest。三者比较，用最高级。 5. It's getting ______ and ______ (hot) in summer every year. 答案与解析：hotter, hotter。“越来越热”用 “比较级 + and + 比较级”。hot 的比较级双写 t 加 -er。 6. I think English is ______ (important) than any other subject. I love it. 答案与解析：more important。有 than，且 important 是多音节词，比较级为 more important。“than any other + 单数名词” 也是一种高级比较结构。 7. The ______ (much) you eat, the ______ (fat) you will be. 答案与解析：more, fatter。“The + 比较级， the + 比较级” 结构。much 的比较级是 more；fat 的比较级双写 t 加 -er。 8. Tom did his homework ______ (careful) this time, so he got an 'A'. 答案与解析：more carefully。修饰动词 did，用副词。carefully 是多音节副词，此处无比较，用原级即可。但结合语境“这次得了A”，隐含与过去的对比，用比较级“更认真地”也说得通，不过题目更可能考查原级形式。稳妥起见，根据句子表面结构，填原级 carefully。 9. This problem is not as ______ (easy) as it looks. Think about it. 答案与解析：easy。as...as 中间用形容词原级。 10. Among the three boys, he made ______ (few) mistakes in the test. 答案与解析：the fewest。“Among...” 三者比较，用最高级。few 修饰可数名词，其最高级是 the fewest。 （三）句型转换 (共5题) 1. Tom is the tallest student in his class. (改为同义句) Tom is ______ than ______ ______ student in his class. 答案与解析：taller, any other。用 “比较级 + than any other + 单数名词” 可以表示最高级含义（汤姆比班上任何其他学生都高）。 2. This book is not as interesting as that one. (改为同义句) That book is ______ ______ than this one. 答案与解析：more interesting。A is not as interesting as B. = B is more interesting than A. 3. I have never read a better book than this one. (改为同义句) This is ______ ______ book I have ever read. 答案与解析：the best。原句“我从未读过比这本更好的书”意味着“这是我读过的最好的书”。 4. She runs faster than any other girl in her school. (改为同义句) She runs ______ ______ in her school. 答案与解析：the fastest。than any other + 单数名词 表示最高级概念，可直接转换为最高级。 5. Math is more difficult than English. (改为同义句) English is ______ ______ than math. 答案与解析：less difficult 或 easier。A is more difficult than B. = B is less difficult than A. 或 B is easier than A. （四）句子改错 (共5题) 1. My bike is newer than you. 答案与解析：错误：you → 改正：yours。比较对象不一致，自行车不能和人比。应改为“你的自行车”，用名词性物主代词 yours。 2. He is the taller of the twins. 答案与解析：错误：taller → 改正：taller 或 the taller。此处原句正确。双胞胎是两者比较，应用比较级。但形容词比较级在 of the two 结构中，前面常加 the 表示特指“两者中较…的那个”。所以严格来说，the taller 是更规范的写法，但口语中 taller 也可接受。若视为考题，可能将缺少 the 视为错误。 3. This is one of the most exciting match I have ever watched. 答案与解析：错误：match → 改正：matches。“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词” 中名词必须用复数。 4. He comes to school more earlier than me every day. 答案与解析：错误：more earlier → 改正：earlier。early 是双音节词，其比较级是 earlier，前面不能再加 more。 5. Which city is biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou? 答案与解析：错误：biggest → 改正：the biggest。在三者中比较用最高级，形容词最高级前必须加 the。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Amazing nature （形容词、副词的比较级和最高级） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）基本概念与功能 1 （二）规则变化形式 1 （三）不规则变化 (必须熟记) 2 （四）常用比较结构与句型 2 （五）使用中的易错点与高频考点 2 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) 3 （一）单项选择 (共10题) 3 （二）用所给词的正确形式填空 (共10题) 3 （三）句型转换 (共5题) 4 （四）句子改错 (共5题) 4 一、语法讲解 （一）基本概念与功能 （1）比较级 (Comparative)：用于两者（人或事物）之间的比较，表示“更…”。 句型：A + be/实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B. (例：Tom is taller than Mike.) （2）最高级 (Superlative)：用于三者或三者以上之间的比较，表示“最…”。 句型：A + be/实义动词 + the + 最高级 (+ 比较范围). (例：Tom is the tallest (in our class).) （二）规则变化形式 形容词/副词原级 构成方法 比较级 最高级 大多数单音节和少数双音节词 词尾加 -er, -est tall → taller the tallest 以 e 结尾的词 词尾加 -r, -st nice → nicer the nicest 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词 变 y 为 i，再加 -er, -est happy → happier the happiest 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）结尾的词 双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -er, -est big → bigger the biggest 部分双音节和所有多音节词 在原级前加 more, most careful → more careful the most careful （三）不规则变化 (必须熟记) 原级 比较级 最高级 good / well better the best bad / ill / badly worse the worst many / much more the most little (少/小) less the least far (距离) farther / further the farthest / the furthest （四）常用比较结构与句型 （1）同级比较 (as...as)：A + be/实义动词 + as + 原级 + as + B. (例：He runs as fast as me.) （2）不及同级 (not as/so...as)：A + be/实义动词 not + as/so + 原级 + as + B. (例：He is not as tall as his brother.) （3）“比较级 + and + 比较级”：表示“越来越…”。 (例：It's getting colder and colder.) （4）“the + 比较级, the + 比较级”：表示“越…，就越…”。 (例：The more you read, the more you know.) （5）“Which/Who is + 比较级, A or B?”：在两者之间选择哪一个更…。 （6）最高级的范围表达：用 in + 单数集体名词 或 of/among + 复数名词。 (例：the tallest in the class / of the three boys) （五）使用中的易错点与高频考点 （1）比较对象的一致性：避免与自身比较。 (×) My hair is longer than you. → (√) My hair is longer than yours. （2）修饰词的使用：比较级前可用 much, a lot, far, even, a little 等词修饰；最高级前可用 the second, by far 等。 （3）定冠词 the 的省略：副词最高级前常省略 the，形容词最高级作表语且无比肩范围时也可省略。 He runs (the) fastest in our school. （4）固定表达与特殊句型：one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词，more and more 等。 二、中考题型专项练习 (30题) （一）单项选择 (共10题) 1. The air in the countryside is much ______ than that in the city. A. fresh B. fresher C. freshest D. the freshest 2. Lucy is one of ______ students in our class. Everyone likes her. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular 3. This storybook is ______ interesting than that one. I like both. A. so B. as C. more D. much 4. Who runs ______, Tom, Jack or Sam? A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 5. The ______ you practice, the ______ you will speak English. A. more; well B. much; good C. more; better D. much; better 6. This box is ______ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me? A. too B. so C. much D. more 7. He doesn't play basketball ______ his brother, but he plays football better. A. as good as B. as well as C. better than D. worse than 8. My hometown is becoming ______. A. beautiful and beautiful B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. the most beautiful 9. —Which season do you like ______, spring or autumn? —I like spring better. A. good B. well C. better D. best 10. Of all the subjects, physics seems to be ______ for me. A. difficult B. more difficult C. most difficult D. the most difficult （二）用所给词的正确形式填空 (共10题) 1. Jim studies much ______ (hard) than before, so he makes great progress. 2. This is ______ (bad) movie I have ever seen. I want to leave now. 3. The sun is much ______ (big) than the earth. It's a fact. 4. Who is ______ (tall), Lucy, Lily or Linda? 5. It's getting ______ and ______ (hot) in summer every year. 6. I think English is ______ (important) than any other subject. I love it. 7. The ______ (much) you eat, the ______ (fat) you will be. 8. Tom did his homework ______ (careful) this time, so he got an 'A'. 9. This problem is not as ______ (easy) as it looks. Think about it. 10. Among the three boys, he made ______ (few) mistakes in the test. （三）句型转换 (共5题) 1. Tom is the tallest student in his class. (改为同义句) Tom is ______ than ______ ______ student in his class. 2. This book is not as interesting as that one. (改为同义句) That book is ______ ______ than this one. 3. I have never read a better book than this one. (改为同义句) This is ______ ______ book I have ever read. 4. She runs faster than any other girl in her school. (改为同义句) She runs ______ ______ in her school. 5. Math is more difficult than English. (改为同义句) English is ______ ______ than math. （四）句子改错 (共5题) 1. My bike is newer than you. 2. He is the taller of the twins. 3. This is one of the most exciting match I have ever watched. 4. He comes to school more earlier than me every day. 5. Which city is biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $