UNIT 4 Section Ⅳ Using Language & Assessing Your Progress-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册五维课堂教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义围绕“毅力的奖赏”主题语篇，系统梳理核心词汇（如commitment, delay）、短语（make fire, give off）及重点句式（What if...虚拟语气、before引导时间状语从句等），构建从词汇精讲、句式精析到语篇理解的递进式学习支架，助力学生夯实语言基础。 资料以探险故事为载体，通过中英文对照阅读培养语言能力，结合阅读理解、完形填空等题型提升思维品质，渗透团队精神与毅力等价值观培育文化意识。课中辅助教师开展主题教学，课后练习题帮助学生查漏补缺，实现语言知识与核心素养的协同发展。

Section Ⅳ　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE We watched Would they ever return to find us? What might happen to them? they were delayed? We felt so alone and desperate. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up. Life fell into a regular pattern. took all our time and energy.For example, we needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. But how could we make fire? There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds. Food was also a problem, 　fruit on the island.　 One of our group members, Lionel Greenstreet, noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals: “The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures.” As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way But it was difficult. We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the changing temperatures could .It was almost 　clothes_as_to_become_too_cold_from_wearing_too_few.　 The sweat could freeze very quickly. Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs. The twenty­two of us lived like this in the cold for four months. Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears We also celebrated our birthdays, festivals，and even the times This was an episode in my life When we were finally rescued, we felt We were at last free to go home to warm beds, good food, and the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. 毅力的奖赏 我们看着沙克尔顿和他的船驶离象岛。很容易想象摆在他们面前的危险。他们还会回来找我们吗？他们可能会发生什么？如果他们被耽搁了怎么办？我们感到如此孤独和绝望。但这并没有持续很长时间。没有什么比一顿丰盛的晚餐和一些音乐更能使我们振作起来了。 生活转入了正轨。活下去花费了我们所有的时间和精力。例如，我们需要水，而象岛上没有水。我们发现我们可以融化海洋里的冰来获得饮用水。但是我们怎么生火呢？南极洲没有树木生长，也没有油料，所以我们只能使用动物脂肪作为燃料。这散发出油腻的黑烟，但即使是在强风中它也在燃烧。 食物也是个问题，因为我们在岛上没有找到任何蔬菜或水果。我们小组的一名成员莱昂内尔·格林斯特里特在他的日记中记录了他对这些食物的厌倦：“现在的食物很不错，都是海洋生物的肉。”如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。作为一名厨师，做饭是我的职责，所以我尽力以任何我能做到的方式变换伙食的花样。但这很困难。 我们必须注意不要经常外出，因为温度的变化会使我们生病。因穿太多衣服而变得太热和因穿太少而变得太冷几乎是同样危险的。汗水很快就会结冰。我们中许多人也因为生火而燃烧的动物脂肪产生的黑烟而生病。它伤害了我们的眼睛，灼伤了我们的肺。 我们22个人就这样在寒冷中生活了四个月。我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，并帮助我们以积极和有效的方式处理我们的恐惧情绪。我们也庆祝我们的生日、节日，甚至抓住一个海洋动物的时候也庆祝一番。这是我一生中永远不会忘记的一段时光。 最终获救时，我们感到如释重负，喜极而泣。我们终于可以回家了，可以躺在温暖的床上，品尝好吃的食物，享受家人和朋友的关心。我们的乐观和对沙克尔顿的信心帮助我们坚持活下去。他给我们的回报则是承诺要把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出来。 [重点单词] 1．　experienced　 adj.有经验的 2．　loyal　 adj.忠诚的；忠心的 3．　energetic　 adj.积极主动的，精力旺盛的→　energy　 n．精力，力气，毅力，能量 4．　motor　 n．发动机；汽车 5．　candidate　 n．候选人；应试者 6．　delay　 vt.推迟，耽误；n.延期，耽误 7．　freeze　 v．(使)结冰，冷冻→　freezing　 adj.极冷的；冰点以下的→　frozen　 adj.冷冻的；冻封的 8．　discipline　 n．纪律，自制力，行为准则 9．　episode　 n．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲 10．　commitment　 n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯罪，承诺，忠于……→committed adj.忠诚的；坚定的 11．　motive　 n．动机；原因；目的 [重点短语] 1．make 　fire　生火 2．give 　off　放出(热、光、气味或气体) 3．face 　a　 challenge 面对挑战 4．consist 　of　由……组成，构成 5．be suitable 　to　适合于…… 6．cheer 　up　使准备，振作起来 7．deal 　with　 处理 8．pay 　back　 报答 [重点句式] 1．What if they were delayed? [句式精析]　what if 引导的虚拟语气省略句。 试译：　如果他们被耽搁了怎么办？　 2. 试译：　……所以我尽可能用任何我能想到的方法来改变食物。　 [词汇精讲] 1．(教材P42)Later，Shackleton arranged for a rescue boat to return to Elephant Island. 后来，沙克尔顿安排了一条救援船返回象岛。 arrange v．安排；准备；整理；布置；排列 ◆[佳句感知] If not，then your group should arrange to meet outside of school hours and choose a time that's best for most peope in the group. 如果不行的话，你们小组就得安排在课外时间会面并选择一个对于你们小组大部分人都合适的时间。 [归纳拓展]　arrange(to do)sth.安排(做)某事 arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事 arrange with sb about(doing)sth.就(做)某事和某人约定 arrange that...安排……；商定…… arrangement n．[C]安排；布置 make arrangements做好安排/准备 We're flying out on the 18th—it's all arranged. 我们18日乘飞机出发，一切都安排好了。 Please arrange for a driver to pick me up at six. 请安排一位司机6点钟来接我。 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①They have arranged 　to_go　(go)swimming the following day. ②It 　was_arranged　(arrange)that he would meet us at 9：00 a．m. ③There are special 　arrangements　(arrange)for people working overseas. ④I've arranged for Mary 　to_meet　 (meet)you at the airport. ⑤Her flower 　arrangement　(arrange)has won first prize. 2．(教材P44)But how could we make fire? 但是我们怎么生火呢？ make fire 生火 ◆[佳句感知] When I was young，I saw people use branches to make fire. 当我小的时候，我看见人们用树枝来生火。 [归纳拓展]　set fire to 点着了……；放火烧…… be on fire 着火　　　fight a fire 救火 catch fire 着火 put out a fire灭火 The police haven't found out who set fire to the storehouse. 警方还没查出是谁放火烧了仓库。 Don't stand too close to that stove.Your clothes may catch fire. 不要站得太靠近那个火炉，你的衣服可能着火。 At last the firemen put out a big forest fire in California. 消防员终于扑灭了在加利福尼亚州的一场森林大火。 jThe most effective way to fight a hydrogen fire is to shut off the flow of gas. 救氢火最有效的办法是切断气流。 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①He has to learn how to collect water，hunt for food，and 　make_fire　(生火)． ②As the wood is wet，it won't 　catch_fire　(着火)． ③Her crew were sent to 　put_out_a_fire　(灭火)that had spread over 200 miles. ④The building has been 　on_fire　(着火)for 4 hours. ⑤The enemy 　set_fire_to　(点着了……)the old temple. 3．(教材P44)This gave off oily，black smoke，but it stayed burning even in strong winds. 这释放出油乎乎的黑烟，但即使在强风中它仍在燃烧。 give off放出(热、光、气味或气体)；散发出；放射出 ◆[佳句感知] The wood gave off a sweet，perfumed smell as it burned. 木头燃烧时散发出甜甜的香味。 Natural gas gives off less carbon dioxide than coal. 天然气的二氧化碳排放量少于煤。 [归纳拓展]　give in (to)(向……)让步，屈服于…… give up放弃 give away 泄露；赠送，分发 give back 归还；使恢复 give out 用完，耗尽；分发，散发 give way to 给……让路；向……让步 I have a stubborn friend who seldom gives in to others. He insists that he is always right. So he never listens to advice given to him to give up smoking. Because of smoking, he can easily give out at work，and finds it difficult to give back his strength. Besides, he gives off a terrible smell of smoke. 我有一个固执的朋友，他很少向别人让步。他坚持认为自己总是对的，所以从来不听别人给他的戒烟忠告。由于吸烟，他在工作时很容易疲劳，而且发现很难恢复体力。此外，他身上散发出一种难闻的烟味。 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①(2018·天津卷)At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving，but eventually he 　gave_in　(让步)as she was so confident about her skills. ②When can you 　give_back　(归还)the money that you owe? ③Body language can 　give_away　(泄露)a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. [语法填空] ④He will not give 　up　 any chance to get promoted. ⑤Rotten eggs give 　off　 a bad smell. ⑥If a person has not had enough sleep，his actions will give him 　away　 during the day. ⑦Living here has given me 　back　 my health. ⑧They stood there，giving 　out　 the leaflets to the passers­by. 4．(教材P45)And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. 他以他的承诺来回报我们，把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救了出来。 (1)pay back报答；报复；偿还(欠款) ◆[佳句感知] I've paid him back for the trick he played on me. 我已经报复了他对我的愚弄。 I am sure that he will pay back every cent he owes you. 我确定他会分文不差地把欠款还给你。 [归纳拓展]　pay down 用现金支付；付订金 pay for 为……付钱；为……付出代价 pay off偿清，付清；得到好结果，取得成功 pay up (尤指不情愿地)全部还清，付清 How much did you have to pay down on the car? 这辆汽车你得付多少订金？ You must pay off your old loan before you can obtain a new one. 你必须还清旧账，然后才能再借款。 My goods were lost in the fire and the insurance company will have to pay up. 我的货在大火中烧毁了，保险公司必须得赔偿。 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①She concluded she would 　pay_back　(偿还)the exact amount on Saturday. [语法填空] ②He burst into tears，begging her to forgive him and swearing to pay 　back　 everything he had stolen. ③Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay 　for　 it. ④Her years of hard training paid 　off　 when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. ⑤We claimed a refund (退款)from the association，but they would not pay 　up　. (2)commitment n．承诺；保证；(对工作或某活动)奉献 ◆[佳句感知] If you are serious about our relationship，you should make a commitment. 如果你对我们的关系很认真，你就应该给个承诺。 They are looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job. 他们正在找一个对这份工作有献身精神的人。 [归纳拓展]　make a commitment 做出承诺 commit v．犯罪，犯错；承诺；托付 commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth.承诺/保证(做)某事 commit sth./sb.to...把……交给/托付给…… commit an error 犯错 commit(a)crime 犯罪 commit murder 犯谋杀罪 commit suicide 自杀 committed adj.坚定的；忠诚的 be committed to (doing)sth.于(做)某事 I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working Sundays. 我会建议人们认真考虑答应周日工作。 The manager is very committed to his company. 这个经理对他的公司非常忠诚。 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①He 　made_a_commitment　(做出承诺)to pay the rent on time. ②He 　committed_himself_to　(致力于)the cause of modernizing the country's industry. [语法填空] ③I was impressed by the energy and 　commitment　(commit)shown by the players. ④Both sides committed themselves to 　settling　 (settle)the dispute peacefully. ⑤The government 　is_committed　(commit)to promoting the development and use of public transportation. ⑥Since last year，he has committed himself 　to　 raising money for people with disabilities. [句式精析] 1．(教材P44)What if they were delayed? 如果他们被耽搁了怎么办？ ◆[句式分析] What if...？如果……会怎么样呢？(＝What would happen if...？) (1)表示假设，意为“假若……”“假若……怎么办”“要是……将会怎么样”。其后句子可用陈述语气(用一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(用一般过去时或should＋动词原形)。若是针对过去的情况，从句则用过去完成时。 ◆[佳句感知] What if it rains when we can't get to school on time? 假若下起雨来，我们没法按时到校怎么办？ What if the assistant came tomorrow instead of this afternoon? 如果助理明天来而不是今天下午来呢？ What if no one had been there? 假如没有人去过那里的话会怎么样？ (2)表示邀请或建议，意为“如果……怎么样”“如果……如何”。 ◆[佳句感知] What if you join us for lunch? 和我们一起吃午饭怎么样？ (3)表示不重要，意为“就算……那又怎样”，通常与so连用。若句意清楚，so what if...有时可省略成so what。 ◆[佳句感知] So what if he gave up the election.Who cares? 他就算放弃选举了那又怎样。谁在乎？ —I'm afraid it's too expensive. 恐怕太贵了。 —So what？We've plenty of money. 那有什么关系？我们有很多钱。 ◆[即学即练] 判断句中黑体字的含义 ①What if we have a picnic this weekend? 　如果……怎么样　 ②What if the host doesn't like you smoking there? 　假若……怎么办　 [完成句子] ③　What_if_the_robot_breaks_down　(如果机器人坏掉怎么办)right as it is serving hot soup or tea? ④　What_if_we_moved_the_sofa_over_there　？ (要是我们把沙发挪到那边去会怎么样) Would that look better? ⑤　So_what_if　(就算……那又怎样)nobody else agrees with me? 2．(教材P42)They sailed on rough seas for days before they landed on the other side of South Georgia Island. 他们在波涛汹涌的大海上航行了几天后在南乔治亚岛的另一边登陆了。 ◆[句式分析] before 引导的时间状语从句 ◆[佳句感知] It took a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me. 过了很长一段时间我才完全明白了他们为我做了什么。 [归纳拓展] It takes/took＋一段时间＋before引导的从句……之后才…… It will/won't be＋一段时间＋before 引导的从句(从句常用一般现在时)要过一段时间后才……/用不了一段时间就…… It was/wasn't＋一段时间＋before引导的从句(从句常用一般过去时) 过了一段时间后才……/没过一段时间就…… It won't be a long time before they understand each other. 用不了多久他们就会相互理解了。 It was some time before we realised the truth. 过了一段时间我们才意识到事情的真相。 ◆[即学即练] [翻译句子] ①用不了多久我就能完成作业。 　It_won't_be_a_long_time_before_I_finish_my_homework.　 ②一家公司要经过几年才会开始赚钱。 　It_will_be_several_years_before_a_company_starts_to_make_money./It_takes_several_years_before_a_company_starts_to_make_money.　 ③没过多久我就找到了帮助我的好心人。 　It_wasn't_a_long_time_before_I_found_the_kind_person_who_had_helped_me.　 ④It took several months before he got used to the life in the new city. 　几个月之后他才适应了在新城市的生活。　 3．(教材P44)There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil，so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. 南极洲没有树木生长，也没有石油，所以我们唯一能使用的燃料就是动物脂肪。 ◆[句式分析] There be＋主语＋非谓语动词 该句式中，非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰前面的主语。 ◆[佳句感知] There are 300 people moving to the new factory in the south. 有三百人搬到南方的新工厂。 In this book，there are passages learnt before. 在这本书里，有一些以前学过的段落。 There will be some problems to discuss at the conference. 会议上将有一些问题要讨论。 [归纳拓展]　There be＋主语＋doing(表示主动和进行) There be＋主语＋done(表示被动或完成) There will be＋主语＋to do(表示动作尚未发生) ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①There are some citizens 　standing_in_front_of　 the painting(站在画前面)． ②There is a red car 　parked_outside_the_house　(停在房子外面)． ③　There_is_nothing_to_do　(无事可做)and he just sits there absent­minded. [语法填空] ④In 1812，the year Charles Dickens was born，there were 66 novels 　published　(publish)in Britain. ⑤Yet there is evidence 　suggesting　(suggest)that the trend is growing. ⑥There is only one more day 　to_go　(go)before your favorite music group play live. ⑦There are still many problems 　to_be_solved　(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 4．(教材P45)How did the men stay in good spirits while waiting to be rescued? 那群人等待被救援时是如何保持好的精神状态的？ ◆[句式分析] while waiting...为省略的状语从句 ◆[佳句感知] I sat at a table, explaining every step of the process, while (I was)making tea. 我坐在桌子旁，一边沏茶，一边解释着过程中的每一个步骤。 When(I was)told you are interested in Tang poems，I am very delighted. 当我知道你对唐诗很感兴趣时，我非常高兴。 If(it is) convenient for you，let's meet at 8：30 a．m.outside the school gate. 如果方便的话，我们上午八点半在校门口外见吧。 [归纳拓展]　在表示时间、条件、让步等的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语是it，且从句谓语含有be动词的某种形式时，从句中的主语连同be动词可同时省略。 ◆[即学即练] [句型转换] ①While it was late，they went on working. →　While_late　，they went on working. ②While he is in poor health，he works hard. →　While_in_poor_health　，he works hard. ③Never send messages while you are driving. →Never send messages 　while_driving　. ④I hurt my leg while I was playing football. →I hurt my leg 　while_playing_football　. ⑤While he was tired，he kept on running. →　While_tired　，he kept on runing. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．My father, who had always been very self­controlled, became 　cosy　(温馨的)． 2．Downstairs there's a breakfast room and guests can relax in the 　bad­tempered　(坏脾气) bar. 3．The 　bat　(球拍) has been used for years. I have to buy a new one. 4．Franklin and his thirteen­year­old son somehow got separated in the 　crush　(拥挤的人群)． 5．What is the 　motive　(动机) for the murder? 6．He had studied modern new 　Confucianism　(儒家学说)all through his life and made great contributions to its development. 7．She has passed all her exams and is a 　qualified　 (有职业资格的) accountant now. 8．Most kids hate to take 　bitter　(苦的) pills and mothers often think of some tricks. Ⅱ.选词填空 consist of，give off，have faith in，make fire，be experienced in，sign up for，keep...optimistic，be known as 1．Please complete the form below 　to_sign_up_for　 the two­week summer camp. 2．When heated，the coal 　gives_off　 heavy smoke，making it difficult for people to breathe. 3．He 　is_known_as　 a hacker—he likes to show off on the Internet and attack websites. 4．They collected some firewood and 　made_fire　 to keep themselves warm. 5．The team，helping to fight the disease in Africa，　consists_of　 ten experts and a group of doctors and nurses. 6．Zhong Nanshan 　is_experienced_in　 the prevention of epidemic diseases. 7．All the Chinese people 　have_faith_in　 the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. 8．The only musical instrument，the banjo，　kept_us_optimistic　. Ⅲ.翻译句子 1．在海滩上玩耍是如此有趣，以至于孩子们不愿回家。(such...that) 　It_was_such_fun_to_play_on_the_beach_that_the_kids_didn't_want_to_go_back_home.　 2．这个问题已变得如此普遍，值得更多关注。(so...that) 　The_problem_has_become_so_widespread_that_it_is_worthy_of_more_attention.　 3．当你经过忙碌的一天感到筋疲力尽的时候，没有什么比得上洗个热水澡。(there is nothing like) 　There_is_nothing_like_a_hot_bath_when_you_are_worn_out_after_a_busy_day.　 4．如果明天万一下雨该怎么办？(what if) 　What_if_it_should_rain_tomorrow？　 Ⅳ.单句语法填空 1．They placed an 　advertisement　(advertise) in the local paper for a secretary. 2．They are looking for someone with a real sense of 　commitment　(commit) to the job. 3．Nobody was very 　enthusiastic　 (enthusiasm)about it, so they decided to cancel the trip. 4．He abandoned himself 　to　 drinking after his wife deserted him. 5．The tiger is a fierce large animal 　belonging　(belong) to the cat family. 6．Though they failed time and time again, they 　persevered　 (persevere) in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon. 7．Every time he 　resolves　(resolve) a troublesome problem, he feels he is getting closer to his final goal. 8．When it starts boiling，turn 　down　 the stove just to keep the soup boiling. 9．The teacher would assign a topic 　to　 children which they would discuss in groups. 10．　It　 so happened that I met the famous scientist at yesterday's party. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2022·广东广州调研测试) When Allen invited me to a camping trip to the mountains, I imagined us in a cosy cabin overlooking a lake, with a warm fireplace, hot cocoa and soft beds. But my happy imagination became a nightmare when Allen and his older brother, Leo, showed up with a truck filled with camping equipment—tents，sleeping bags and water bottles. We were going on survival training! The ever­efficient Leo was keen to leave the city behind us and urged us to hurry. Several hours later，as we drove through the forest, the mountains seemed bigger than I remembered; the trees were larger, and the environment felt more threatening. At the trailhead, Leo tied a sleeping bag onto my already heavy pack and lectured Allen and me about hiking rules. Then, with Leo in the lead, we set off along the narrow and steep dirt track that wound up the mountain. After 6 hours of climbing, we finally reached the top. My legs aching, I dropped my pack and groaned (呻吟) but there was no time to rest. “We need to set up camp quickly，” said Leo. “There are dark clouds coming in. A storm is on its way.” I thought he was kidding, but Leo was quite serious. He and Allen worked expertly, while I stood around and pretended to help, thunder rumbling in the distance. We just finished putting up the tent when it hit. The wind, thunder, and lightning were relentless. Leo, sensing that I was scared, started telling us some stories about his camping adventures. But each time lightning lit up the tent and the thunder echoed，I jumped. “Don't worry. Summer storms pass quickly，” said Leo, trying to comfort me. “And at least the rain will keep the bears away，” he said with a teasing smile, which was less comforting. And just as quickly as the storm came rushing in, it passed, and we exited the tent. The view was incredible—I could see for miles. As darkness set in，I stared in wonder at the millions of glowing stars in the night sky. I won't lie—I was still wishing for a hot shower and a soft bed, but as I gazed upward at the Milky Way, I knew this was an adventure I would never forget. 1．Why was the author surprised when Allen came to get him at the beginning of the story? A．Allen had arrived earlier than arranged. B．He saw that Allen was not well prepared. C．He realized their trip would be challenging. D．Allen's brother was unexpectedly with him. 2．Why was it necessary to set up camp immediately after reaching the mountain top? A．It was almost night time. B．The weather was changing. C．They were tired and needed to rest. D．They needed protection from animals. 3．What can we guess about Leo? A．He was an experienced and capable hiker. B．He was inconsiderate of others' feelings. C．He had known the writer for a long time. D．He had not been to this mountain before. 4．How did the author feel at the end of the story? A．Bitter.　　　　　B．Optimistic. C．Scared. D．Satisfied. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，作者本来以为要和朋友一起去舒适的别墅木屋喝热可可、睡暖床，结果却被拉去经历一次野外生存训练。本文以第一人称细腻地讲述了这段经历和作者的思想变化。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中But my happy imagination became a nightmare和第一段最后一句We were going on survival training！可知作者因为将要进行一次具有挑战性的生存训练而不是去舒适的木屋而感到惊讶，故选择C项。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We need to set up camp quickly，”said Leo.“There are dark clouds coming in.A storm is on its way.”可知必须马上搭建营地是因为变天了，天即将下雨，所以B项正确。] 3．A　[推理判断题。第三段第一句中的Leo tied a sleeping bag onto my already heavy pack and lectured Allen and me about hiking rules表明Leo远足经验丰富，第五段第二句中的He and Allen worked expertly表明Leo能力非常强，故可推断A项正确。] 4．B　[推理判断题。最后一段作者的心理活动表明作者虽然仍然想念热可可和柔软的床，但内心已感到这将是永远难忘的一次历险，故可推断作者不再那么排斥艰苦的生存训练，开始感受到其中的乐趣，所以B项正确。] B (2022·江西南昌八一中学洪都中学高二月月考) Once upon a time, a daughter complained to her father that her life was unhappy and that she was tired of struggling all the time. Her father, a chef, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Once the three pots began to boil, he placed potatoes, eggs and coffee beans in them. After 20 minutes, he took them out, putting the potatoes and eggs in a bowl and the coffee in a cup. Turning to his daughter, he said, “Look closer，and touch the potatoes.” She did and noted that they were soft. He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After stripping off the shell, she observed the hardboiled egg. Finally, he asked her to taste the coffee.Its good smell brought a smile to her face. “Father, what does this mean？” she asked. He then explained that the potatoes, the eggs and the coffee beans were in the same adversity—the boiling water. However, each one reacted differently. The strong and hard potatoes became soft and weak in the boiling water. The eggs were 　fragile　，with thin outer shell protecting their liquid until they were put in the boiling water. Then the inside of the eggs became hard. However, the coffee beans were unique. After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and created something new. “Which one do you want to be like？”he asked. “When adversity knocks on your door, how will you respond？” In life, challenges happen to us all, but the only thing that truly matters is what happens within us. 5．Why did the girl complain to her father? A．Because of her hard life. B．Because of her tiring job. C．Because of her father's busy work. D．Because of the food her father cooked. 6．What can we infer from this story? A．The girl liked the coffee best. B．The father was good at cooking. C．The girl didn't like the potatoes and eggs. D．Different people have different reactions to adversity. 7．What does the underlined word “fragile”mean in the 5th paragraph? A．Thick. B．Easily broken. C．Strong. D．Hard. 8．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Father and daughter B．Adversity and a chef C．A chef and coffee beans D．Challenges and responses [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，文章讲述了一个父亲将土豆、鸡蛋、咖啡豆分别放在水中去煮，以此启发女儿思考如何应对人生逆境的故事，借此阐述身陷逆境时，人内心的反应至关重要这一深刻道理。 5．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的complained to her father that her life was unhappy and that she was tired of struggling all the time可知女儿因生活不幸福、不容易而向父亲抱怨，故A项正确。] 6．D　[推理判断题。根据第四段第二句和第三句He then explained that the potatoes...each one reacted differently.并结合文章最后一段的内容可知故事旨在通过不同物质在开水中的不同反应告诉读者面对逆境时不同的人反应不同，故D项正确。] 7．B　[词义猜测题。画线词后面的with thin outer shell protecting their liquid until they were put in the boiling water意为“有着薄薄的外壳保护它们的液体直至它们被放入开水里”，由此并结合常识可推知画线单词意为“易碎的”，故B项正确。] 8．D　[主旨大意题。D项意为“挑战与反应”。父亲通过不同物质在开水中的不同反应来启发女儿思考如何应对挑战，所以D项是最佳题目。] Ⅱ.完形填空 It's 27 years since my last conversation with Mother, who didn't finish school like many of her contemporary (同时代的) girls. She often told me, “I never got my　__1__　but one day you will.” Pointing to a tree or a cow, she asked me to repeat their English names after her. Feeling　__2__　， I asked, “Mama, why do I have to learn these　__3__　words？” She held her pen right before my eyes.“Hold it firmly，”she　__4__　me, “for this pen and the new language will be your compass (指南针)to sail around the world.”Sadly, my mother died of breast cancer when I was six. Turning seven, I traveled 30 miles to live closer to my school.　__5__　“closer” is a relative term in Uganda, which　__6__　I had to get up as the early sun rose and then ran 8.8 miles barefoot to school. Also, I needed to carry a stick in　__7__　of snakes and dogs.During the rainy season, the path to school was　__8__　daily and I'd swim with one hand, using the other hand to　__9__　the book bag on my head. Research shows 70 percent of poor children don't 　__10__　primary school in Uganda. Reasons for this 　__11__　dropout rate include the long　__12__　some children must　__13__　among many other reasons. Fortunately, I've made it. Whenever I see the sun rise, I am　__14__　of the wisdom of my mother.What she taught me when I was a kid took root in my heart，　__15__　me to persevere with enthusiasm even in the miserable period of life. 1．A.degree　　　　　　　 B．scholarship C．recommendation D．admission 2．A.anxious B．hopeless C．disappointed D．annoyed 3．A.tough B．new C．foreign D．old 4．A.encouraged B．consulted C．blamed D．frightened 5．A.But B．So C．When D．If 6．A.shows B．means C．proves D．states 7．A.search B．possession C．spite D．case 8．A.damaged B．repaired C．blocked D．flooded 9．A.drag B．hold C．hide D．seize 10．A.attend B．enter C．complete D．continue 11．A.constant B．steady C．low D．high 12．A.distances B．periods C．lists D．stories 13．A.cover B．consider C．judge D．measure 14．A.informed B．warned C．reminded D．told 15．A.allowing B．inspiring C．expecting D．intending [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者自幼受母亲教导立志求学，在母亲去世后仍自强不息、克服困难，终获成功。 1．A　[考查名词。degree在此处意为“学位”。由空前句中的who didn't finish school like many of her contemporary girls可知作者的母亲没有完成学业，所以作者的母亲没有获得学位。故A项正确。] 2．D　[考查形容词。根据空后内容“Mama，why do I have to learn these　__3__　words？”和本段作者的母亲对他的教育可知，当时作者一遍遍地记外语单词，感觉很烦，所以D项正确。] 3．C　[考查形容词。由上文for this pen and the new language will be your compass to sail around the world可知作者的母亲让她学习外国词汇，故选择C项。] 4．A　[考查动词。由空后作者的母亲的鼓励的话可以判断A项正确。] 5．A　[考查连词。本句中的I had to get up as the early sun rose and then ran 8.8 miles barefoot to school表明作者每天要早早起床跑8.8英里才能到学校，故可知虽然作者搬去了离学校较近的地方，但“近”在乌干达只是相对而言，前后内容存在转折关系，所以A项正确。] 6．B　[考查动词。mean在此处意为“意味着”。空前的“closer”is a relative term in Uganda表明“近”在乌干达是相对而言的，所以那意味着作者其实依然要起得很早，故B项正确。] 7．D　[考查固定搭配。in case of意为“以防”。由I needed to carry a stick可知作者拿棍子来防蛇和狗，故选D。] 8．D　[考查动词。由空前的During the rainy season和空后的I'd swim可知在雨季通往学校的路每天都会被淹没，故选D。] 9．B　[考查动词。此处hold意为“托住”，根据空后的the book bag on my head可知作者在游水的同时为了让书包不被弄湿，必须把书包举在头上，故B项正确。] 10．C　[考查动词。本文讲述作者作为乌干达穷人家的孩子求学经历的种种艰辛，由此可知在乌干达70%的穷人家的孩子没有上完小学，故C项正确。] 11．D　[考查形容词。由前文在乌干达70%的穷人家的孩子不能上完小学可知乌干达的辍学率很高，所以D项正确。] 12．A　[考查名词。根据前文所讲述的作者每天早起赶8.8英里的路程可知，距离学校太远是高辍学率的原因之一。] 13．A　[考查动词。cover在此处意为“行走(一段路程)”，与distances相照应。] 14．C　[考查动词。remind意为“使想起”。此处指太阳升起使作者想起自己的母亲的智慧，] 15．B　[考查动词。inspire在此处意为“鼓舞；激励”。由前句每当看到太阳升起作者就会想起母亲的智慧可知，幼时母亲的教导一直鼓舞着他以充沛的热情走过那段不幸的日子，所以B项正确。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $