UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ Using Language & Assessing Your Progress-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册五维课堂教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义围绕健康与生活方式选择主题，以两封真实书信为载体，系统梳理重点词汇（如dizzy, stimulate）、短语（stressed out, take control of）及语法结构（动名词、不定式、倒装句等），构建从文本输入到语言点解析再到练习输出的学习支架。 该资料通过生活化书信情境提升语言能力，引导学生分析句子结构（如完全倒装句、“疑问词+不定式”）培养思维品质，配套练习题强化学习能力。实例丰富，如词汇精讲结合例句与练习，课中辅助语篇教学，课后助力学生查漏补缺。

Section Ⅳ　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress Dear Editor， After I attended your summer camp about health and lifestyle choices　[1]，I realised I hardly ever felt well，either physically or mentally.I often felt sleepy and dizzy，and lacked passion.Most worrying，though，I got the flu easily and experienced many toothaches，too. [1]After...choices是时间状语从句，after是连词，也可以用作介词，后面接名词或动名词。 At the end of the camp I heard，“Change the world by changing yourself　[2]．”This stimulated my motivation.A dentist once examined me and told me that too much sugar in my meals had damaged my teeth and health.I made up my mind to change two things in my life：to eat nothing with sugar and to exercise regularly　[3]． [2]changing yourself是动名词短语作介词by的宾语。 [3]本句是简单句，基本句子结构是“主语＋谓语＋宾语”，to change...life是动词不定式作定语，修饰名词mind，to eat...and to exercise是两个并列的动词不定式短语作同位语，解释说明two things的具体内容。 After that I stopped buying all the sweets，biscuits，and sugary drinks　[4]that I used to have every day　[5]．Whenever I went out with friends，I brought snacks from home，things that didn't have any added sugar：fruit，nuts，dried meat，etc　.[6] [4]buying all the sweets...drinks是动名词短语作动词stop的宾语。 [5]that I used to have every day是定语从句，修饰先行词all the...drinks。 [6]本句是复合句。Whenever I went out with friends是时间状语从句，whenever意为“每当……”。whenever引导让步状语从句时，意为“无论何时……”。that didn't have...etc.是定语从句，修饰先行词things。 My exercise was very simple：I went outside every day for at least 30 minutes and did something active.Sometimes I played table tennis or badminton with my cousins.Other times I jumped on my skateboard and rode around my neighbourhood，or just took a long walk. The results have been fantastic.I feel more dynamic and stronger than ever，in both body and mind.I sleep soundly at night now.I no longer suffer from a flu virus or toothaches either. Best of all，in my opinion，is how I feel about myself.　[7]I feel like I'm in control of my own life.To make choices about myself　[8]is within my own power.I can change myself.I just need to try. Yours truly， Wang Lu [7]本句是完全倒装结构，“表语形容词＋系动词be＋主语”。how I feel about myself是主语从句。 [8]To make choices about myself是动词不定式短语作主语。,亲爱的编辑， 在我参加了你们关于健康和生活方式选择的夏令营后，我意识到我几乎从未感觉到身体上或精神上健康。我经常感到困倦和头晕，缺乏激情。然而，最让我担心的是，我很容易就会得流感，还经历了很多牙痛。 在夏令营结束时，我听到有人说：“通过改变自己来改变世界。”这激发了我的动力。有一次，一位牙医给我做了检查，他告诉我，我吃的饭里糖太多，损害了我的牙齿和健康。我下定决心改变我生活中的两件事：不吃含糖的食物和经常锻炼。 从那以后，我不再买以前每天常吃的所有糖果、饼干和含糖饮料。每当我和朋友出去的时候，我都会从家里带一些零食，一些没有添加任何糖分的东西：水果、坚果、肉干等。 我的锻炼很简单：我每天至少出去30分钟，做一些积极的事情。有时我和我的堂兄弟姐妹打乒乓球或羽毛球。其他时候，我跳上我的滑板在附近滑行，或只是走很长一段路。 结果非常好。无论在身体上还是精神上，我都感觉比以前更有活力，更强壮。我现在晚上睡得很香。我也不再受流感病毒或牙痛的折磨。在我看来，最重要的是我对自己的感觉。我觉得我能掌控自己的生活。做出与自己相关的选择是我力所能及的。我可以改变自己。我只是需要试一试。 你真诚的， 王露Dear Editor， As I took part in the summer camp about personal life choices　[9]，I started to analyse my choices，especially what I did to relax and how it was affecting my whole life　[10]． [9]As I took...choices是as引导的时间状语从句。 [10]to analyse my choices是动词不定式短语作动词start的宾语；what I did to relax和how it was affecting my whole life是两个并列的同位语从句，to relax是动词不定式作目的状语。 After starting high school，I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games.I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night.　[11]Playing was fun，but I felt even more worn out afterwards！So after the camp，I realised that it was very，very important to adjust my lifestyle　[12]．I decided to take control of my life and find other ways to relax.　[13] [11]本句是复合句。so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 [12]that it was...lifestyle是宾语从句，it是形式主语，动词不定式短语to adjust my lifestyle是真正的主语。 [13]本句是简单句。基本结构是“主语＋及物动词＋宾语”。to take control...relax是动词不定式短语作动词decide的宾语，to relax是动词不定式作定语，修饰名词ways。 It was a big struggle not to join my friends in playing online games as I'm mad for them.　[14]However，I realised that to succeed in quitting　[15]，I had to replace it with something else.So I thought about what to try　[16]．Rock climbing，bowling，watching comedies，and playing basketball were the things I thought of doing instead.　[17] [14]It是形式主语，动词不定式短语not to join...games是真正的主语；as...them是as引导的原因状语从句。 [15]to succeed in quitting是动词不定式短语作目的状语。 [16]what to try是“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，相当于名词性从句，在此处作介词about的宾语。 [17]本句是复合句。主语是Rock...basketball；I thought of doing instead是定语从句，修饰先行词things。 Now my dad and I go rock climbing together monthly！It has enhanced the quality of my life，improving my health and increasing my happiness　[18]．I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends.　[19] [18]improving...和increasing...是两个并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语，与逻辑主语it之间是主动关系。 [19]本句是简单句，get refreshed，spend和get to meet是三个并列谓语。 After six months of trying out new ways of relaxing，I feel much more energetic.I feel that I can change myself for the better.And if that's true for me，then it might truly be possible to change the world for the better.　[20]As Gandhi said　[21]，“Be the change you want to see in the world.　”[22] [20]本句是复合句。if...for me是条件状语从句；it might...better是主句。在主句中，it是形式主语，动词不定式短语to change...the better是真正的主语。 [21]As Gandhi said是非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作动词said的宾语。 [22]you want...world是定语从句，省略了关系代词that或which，修饰先行词change。 Sincerely， George Fielding,亲爱的编辑， 当我参加了关于个人生活选择的夏令营时，我开始分析我的选择，尤其是我做过什么来放松自己，以及这是如何影响我的整个生活的。 开始高中生活后，我感到压力很大，总是通过玩电脑游戏来放松自己。我太投入了，以至于我日夜都在玩游戏。玩起来很开心，但玩完之后我觉得更累了！所以在夏令营之后，我意识到调整我的生活方式是非常非常重要的。我决定掌控自己的生活，找到其他放松的方式。 不加入我的朋友们玩网络游戏是非常难的一件事，因为我太喜欢了。然而，我意识到要想成功戒瘾，我必须用别的东西来代替它。所以我想了想该尝试什么。攀岩、保龄球、看喜剧和打篮球是我想做的事情。 现在我和爸爸每月都一起去攀岩！它提高了我的生活质量，改善了我的健康，增加了我的快乐。通过攀岩，我变得神清气爽，有更多的时间和爸爸在一起，还能认识新朋友。 在尝试了六个月的新放松方式后，我感到精力充沛多了。我觉得我可以让自己变得更好。如果我确实如此，那么就真的可能把世界变得更好。正如甘地所言：“欲变世界，先变其身。” 真诚的， 乔治·菲尔丁 [重点单词] 1．　dizzy　 adj.头晕目眩的 2．　flu　 n．流感 3．　dentist　 n．牙科医生 4．　nut　 n．坚果 5．　skateboard　 n．滑板　vi.滑滑板 6．　dynamic　 adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的 7．　bowling　 n．保龄球运动 8．　comedy　 n．喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目 9．　stimulate　 vt.激发；促进；刺激→　stimulating　 adj.刺激的；有刺激性的→　stimulation　 n．刺激，激发；促进 10．　sugary　 adj.含糖的；甜的→　sugar　 n．糖 11．　monthly　 adj.& adv.每月，每月一次　n．月刊→　month　 n．月；月份 12．　enhance　 vt.提高；增强；增进→　enhancement　 n．增强，增加，提高 13．　refresh　 vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→　refreshing　 adj.使人精神焕发的；提神的；使人耳目一新的→　refreshingly　 adv.清爽的，有精神地→　refreshment　 n．提神；精神恢复 14．　absorb　 vt.吸引全部注意力，吸收→　absorbing　 adj.吸引人的，非常有趣的→　absorbed　 adj.专心致志的，被吸引住的，全神贯注的 [重点短语] 1．stressed 　out　焦虑不安；心力交瘁 2．worn 　out　筋疲力尽的；疲惫的 3．at the end 　of　在……结束/末尾 4．used 　to　 do过去常常做 5．　at　 least 至少 6．　in　 both body and mind在身心两方面 7．no 　longer　 再也不，不再 8．take control 　of　控制，接管 9．replace...　with　...用……替代…… 10．try 　out　参加选拔，考验，尝试 [重点句式] 1. ，… 试译：　每当我和朋友出去的时候，我都会从家里带一些零食，……　 2. 试译：　在我看来，最重要的是我对自己的感觉。　 [词汇精讲] 1．(教材P20)I feel like I'm in control of my own life. 我觉得我能掌控自己的生活。 in control of控制；支配；管理(介词短语) ◆[佳句感知] The victim is being treated in the hospital which he is in control of. 受害者正在他掌管的医院接受治疗。 [归纳拓展]　 take/gain/get control of控制；支配；管理 get/bring/keep sth.under control控制某事/某物 have control of/over对……有控制权/有组织能力 lose control of对……失去控制；无法控制住…… beyond one's control 某人无法掌控/无法控制 out of control不受控制；失去控制 under control受支配；受控制 in/under the control of受……的控制/管理/支配 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①You can't always be 　in_control_of　(控制)everything. ②I'm sorry.I recognise that I have to 　take_control_of　(控制)my temper. [语法填空] ③He is 　in　 control of the company.I mean，the company is in 　the　 control of him. ④You can turn to him.He takes control 　of　 this ward. ⑤Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was 　out　 of control. ⑥She used diet and exercise to bring her weight 　under　 control. ⑦Students are encouraged 　to_take　(take)control of their own study，rather than just depend on the teacher. 2．(教材P20)After starting high school，I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games. 开始高中生活后，我感到压力很大，总是通过玩电脑游戏来放松自己。 stressed out焦虑不安；心力交瘁 ◆[佳句感知] I alway eat when I'm feeling stressed out. 我感到焦虑时就吃东西。 [归纳拓展]　under stress在压力之下 relieve/reduce stress缓解压力 suffer from/deal with stress承受/应对压力 lay/put/place stress on/upon强调；着重于 stress the importance of强调……的重要性 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①I try not 　to_stress_out　(焦虑不安)when things go wrong. ②Driving in cities really 　stresses_me_out　(让我疲惫不堪)． ③The teacher 　stressed或laid/put/placed_stress_on　(强调)the importance of not leaving out any important details while retelling the story. ④One of the most effective ways to 　relieve/reduce_stress　(减轻压力)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust. [语法填空] ⑤People 　under　 a lot of stress may experience headaches. ⑥Moving to a new house is a very 　stressful　(stress)experience. ⑦When feeling 　stressed　 (stress)，most people tend to breathe short，shallow breaths. 3．(教材P20)I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night. 我太投入了，以至于我日夜都在玩游戏。 absorb vt.吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注；吸收(液体、气体等) ◆[佳句感知] The foreign tourists are absorbed in the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou. 外国游客被杭州的美景吸引住了。 One hectare of forest can absorb 23 tons of carbon dioxide per year. 一公顷森林每年可以吸收23吨二氧化碳。 The cream is easily absorbed into the skin. 这种乳霜易被皮肤吸收。 [归纳拓展] 全神贯注于…… absorb...into...把……吸收进…… absorb water/light/heat吸收水/光/热 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①The man 　was_absorbed_in/absorbed_himself_in　(全神贯注于)analysing data when the manager entered the office. [语法填空] ②　Absorbed　(absorb)in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching. ③When deeply 　absorbed　(absorb)in work，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. ④According to experts，people absorbed this disease 　into　 their bodies with their meals and then they were infected. 4．(教材P20)Playing was fun，but I felt even more worn out afterwards! 我玩得很开心，但游戏结束后我反而觉得更累了！ worn out 筋疲力尽的；疲惫的；破烂不堪的，废旧的 ◆[佳句感知] You must be absolutely worn out.你一定累坏了。 I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon.我从来没想到这鞋子这么快就穿破了。 [归纳拓展]　近义词：exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的 tired adj.疲倦的 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①After a day's constant work，father came home，feeling 　worn_out　(筋疲力尽)． ②If you treat your coat so roughly，it will 　be_worn_out　(破烂不堪的)soon. ③Illness and death came suddenly；over the years she had simply 　worn_herself_out　(使自己筋疲力尽)． ④He travels so much that he usually 　wears_out_suitcases　(把行李箱用坏)． 5．(教材P20)Now my dad and I go rock climbing together monthly! 现在我和爸爸每月都一起去攀岩！ monthly adv.每月 adj.每月一次的n.月刊 ◆[佳句感知] Most of these people are paid monthly. 这些人大多数按月领薪。 He can save money every month，which he owes to his monthly budget. 他每个月都能存钱，他把这归功于他的每月预算。 This magazine is a monthly，whose highlight is her favorite. 这本杂志是月刊，其中的精华是她最喜欢的。 [归纳拓展]　n．＋­ly→adj. lovely可爱的　　　timely及时的 motherly母亲般的 brotherly兄弟般的 daily每天的 weekly每周的 monthly每月的 yearly每年的 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①John wants to take up a job in another city，because the 　monthly_income　(月收入)in this city is not high. ②Tom isn't in the office today.He went to Beijing yesterday to attend 　a_monthly_meeting　(每月一次的会议)． ③My mother paid 　a_monthly_visit　(每月一次的拜访)to the poor family in the suburb. 6．(教材P20)I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends. 通过攀岩，我感觉神清气爽，而且有更多的时间陪伴爸爸，还能认识新朋友。 refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新；使想起 ◆[佳句感知] Plant trees in your garden or your schoolyard，as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them. 在你的花园或学校操场栽种树木，因为它们能吸收空气中的二氧化碳，还能在你观赏它们的时候使你精神焕发。 A cool drink refreshed me after my long walk. 走了很长的一段路之后，一杯冷饮使我恢复了精神。 I refreshed my memory by reading the book. 我通过读那本书唤起了记忆。 [归纳拓展]　refresh oneself使自己恢复精神 refreshing adj.令人耳目一新的；提神的 refreshed adj.神清气爽的 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①I would like a cup of tea to 　refresh_myself　. 我要喝一杯茶提神。 ②She 　refreshed_herself　 with a warm bath. 她洗了一个温水澡来解乏。 ③Once you are practised in this sort of relaxation you will 　feel_refreshed　 afterwards. 一旦你熟悉了这种放松方式，在放松之后你就会感到神清气爽。 [语法填空] ④I was nearly exhausted from preparing my experiment report last night so I took a hot bath to refresh 　myself　(me)． ⑤　To_refresh　(refresh)themselves，the employees usually drink a cup of coffee during their break time. ⑥Whenever he worked until midnight，he would drink a cup of tea to get 　refreshed　(refresh)． ⑦I looked at the map 　to_refresh　(refresh)my memory of the road. [句式精析] 1．(教材P20)Best of all，in my opinion，is how I feel about myself. 在我看来，最重要的是我对自己的感觉。 ◆[句式分析] 本句是完全倒装句，把作表语的形容词短语放到句首，系动词is提到主语的前面。 完全倒装 句中的倒装句构成是：形容词短语＋be＋主语。这样的完全倒装结构还有：现在分词/形容词化的过去分词/介词短语＋be＋主语。 ◆[佳句感知] Present at the meeting are some famous scientists. 出席会议的是一些著名的科学家。 Sitting at the back of the classroom is a teacher with a southern accent. 坐在教室后面的是一位带有南方口音的老师。 Seated in the front are the leaders of the school. 坐在前面的是学校的领导。 On the top of the mountain was a temple，in which lived three monks. 山顶上有座庙，庙里住着三个和尚。 ◆[即学即练] [翻译句子] ①在山脚下有座庙。 　At_the_foot_of_the_mountain_is_a_temple.　 ②坐在教室里的是我的学生。 　Sitting/Seated_in_the_classroom_are_my_students.　 [语法填空] ③In front of the famous temple 　are　 (be)two trees with a history of 1,000 years. ④On the wall 　hangs　 (hang)a map of the world. 2．(教材P21)After starting high school，I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games. 上高中后，我感到压力很大，总是通过玩电脑游戏来放松自己。 ◆[句式分析] and always after/before doing/being done的用法 after/before除作为连词外，还可以作介词，后面可以接动名词的主动形式doing或被动形式being done作宾语。判断用doing还是being done要看动名词的动作与其逻辑主语的关系。 ◆[佳句感知] After winning the prize she became famous overnight. 她获奖后一夜之间成名了。 This kind of instant noodles is ready to eat immediately after being opened without cooking. 这种方便面，不用烧煮，即拆即食。 The coach told us to warm up before entering the pool. 教练让我们在进池之前做一下准备活动。 You'll have to pay off your old loan before being allowed a new one. 你必须还清旧债，才能重新贷款。 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①机器使用前要先检查。 　Before_being_used　，the machine must be checked. ②草莓通常装箱后再运往市场出售。 Strawberries are usually boxed 　before_being_shipped_to_market　. ③我们在海上漂了十天才看见陆地。 We sighted land 　after_being_at_sea_for_ten_days　. ④被面试后他回家了。 　After_being_interviewed　 he went home. 3．(教材P20)So I thought about what to try. 所以我一直在想该尝试些什么。 ◆[句式分析] So I thought about “疑问词＋不定式”结构 疑问代词(who，what，which等)、疑问副词(when，where，how等)及whether后跟不定式，构成“疑问词＋不定式”结构，可以在句中作主语、宾语(一般用在tell，understand，explain，advise，discuss等后面)、表语、同位语等。 ◆[佳句感知] We don't know what to do with such a difficult problem.Could you tell us how we deal with it? 我们不知道如何处理这样一个难题。你能告诉我们怎么处理吗？ Where to go tomorrow has not been decided. 明天到什么地方去尚未决定。 He has to learn how to hunt for food，and make fire.他得学会如何寻找食物以及生火。 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①什么时候开会还没有告诉我们。 　When_to_hold_the_meeting　 has not yet been told to us. ②我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。 I know 　where_to_find_the_boy　. ③问题是怎样学好英语。 The question is 　how_to_learn_English_well　. ④是否要帮助他这个问题使这个姑娘很烦恼。 The question 　whether_to_help_him　 troubled the girl. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The airplane climbed to a 　dizzy　(令人眩晕的)height. 2．The whole family came down with 　flu　(流感)due to the changeable weather. 3．He was read to as a child，sent to good schools，and given every opportunity to be 　stimulated　(刺激)intellectually. 4．(2019·北京卷)He recommended that she do some research and talk to 　dentist　(牙医)about what a healthier candy would contain. 5．Some students are holding their 　skateboards　(滑板)to compete with other students in the PE class. 6．Having an enthusiastic and 　dynamic　(充满活力的)personality is important. 7．Some genetically engineered plants can resist natural pests such as 　viruses　(病毒)or insects. 8．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical 　comedy　(喜剧)by Betty Comden and Adolph Green，about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross­country train journey. 9．This is an opportunity to 　enhance　(提高)the reputation of the company. 10．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working，and that's plenty of time for your skin to 　absorb　(吸收)a day's worth of vitamin D. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．If you 　are_stressed_out　(紧张的)after taking your exams，don't worry！There are some steps you can take to calm down and reduce your stress. 2. I was 　worn_out　(累坏了)after a day of shopping. 3．Troops 　took_control_of　(控制了)airports and government buildings. 4．This task interdependence 　distinguishes_baseball_from　(使棒球不同于)football and basketball. 5．It was 　within_his_power_to　(在他能力范围之内)investigate the three companies within 10 days. 6．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)These kids are 　so_absorbed_in_their_studies　(如此专注于他们的学习)that I just sit back. 7．The students are willing to 　join_us_in_organizing　(加入我们组织)the activity. 8．The Senior Three student who used to 　be_mad_for　(酷爱)computer games has given up now. 9．Not until we 　succeed_in_letting_wildlife　(成功让野生生物)live in peace can we smile in relief. 10．Pay attention to the files which may 　do_damage_to_your_computer　(损坏你的电脑)． 11．Since you have been away，has this country 　changed_for_the_better　(变得更好)—or for the worse? 12．(2019·北京卷)Wilson has 　covered_an_astonishing_64,000_miles　(走了惊人的64 000英里)，and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school. Ⅲ.一句多泽 1．当这对夫妇十年后相遇时，他们激动得哭了出来。 ①When the couple encountered after ten years，they 　____________________　.(so...that) ②When the couple encountered after ten years，they 　________________________　.( so as to) 2．无论我什么时候跟他提踢足球的事，他都说太忙。 ①　________________________　playing football，he says he's too busy.(whenever) ②　________________________　playing football，he says he's too busy.(no matter when) 答案：1.①got so excited that they cried out ②got so excited as to cry out 2．①Whenever I mention ②No matter when I mention Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Many people believe eating healthily is expensive and more costly than buying junk foods. But our new research, published in the BMC Public Health, shows this isn't the truth. Less than 7% of Australians eat healthily. Most of the Australian family food budget is being spent on junk foods and drinks that are high in fat, sugar and salt. As a result, two­thirds of adults (63%) and one­quarter of children are overweight. We used the Australian Health Survey 2016­2017 and the suggestions of the Australian Dietary Guidelines to model healthy diets for a family of two adults and two children every two weeks. We collected food prices in supermarkets and stores in high­and low­socioeconomic(社会经济地位低的) areas in Brisbane, and compared the diet prices with family incomes. In both areas, a family of two adults and two children spend about 18% more on present diets than would be required to buy healthy diets. About 58% of the food budget for present diets is spent on junk foods, including takeaway foods (14%), and sugary drinks (4%). In the low­socioeconomic area, a family of two adults and two children spend $640.20 every two weeks on their present diets, but could buy a healthy diet for $560. 93 every two weeks. In the high­socioeconomic area, these numbers are $661.92 and $580. 01. Present diets cost more than healthy diets, so it is surely not the price that helps to drive preferences for unhealthy choices. 1．What did the researchers find? A．Most Australians eat unhealthily. B．Half Australians live on junk foods. C．Most Australian kids have fat problems. D．Australians have a preference for sweet foods. 2．How did the researchers get the result? A．By doing the study online. B．By making a comparison. C．By carrying out interviews. D．By asking personal questions. 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．A healthy diet is actually cheaper. B．Australian foods are becoming healthier. C．People choose junk foods for their low prices. D．Healthy foods are becoming more expensive. 4．What might the following paragraph be about? A．The harm of junk foods. B．How we can eat healthily. C．Why people choose junk foods. D．The advantages of a healthy diet. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。许多人认为健康饮食比购买垃圾食品更昂贵。但是发表在BMC Public Health上的新研究表明事实并非如此。 1．A　[推理判断题。由第二段中的“Less than 7% of Australians eat healthily”可知，不到7%的澳大利亚人饮食健康。所以93%多的澳大利亚人饮食不健康。由此推断出大多数的澳大利亚人饮食不健康。故选A项。] 2．B　[推理判断题。由第三段中的“We collected food prices in supermarkets and stores in high­and low­socioeconomic areas in Brisbane，and compared the diet prices with family incomes.”可知，“我们”收集了布里斯班社会经济地位高的地区和社会经济地位低的地区超市和商店的食品价格，并将饮食价格与家庭收入进行了比较。由此判断出研究人员是通过比较得出这个结果的。故选B项。] 3．A　[细节理解题。由第四段中的“In both areas，a family of two adults and two children spend about 18% more on present diets than would be required to buy healthy diets.”可知，在这两个地区，一个有两个成年人和两个孩子的家庭在目前的饮食上的花费比购买健康饮食所需要的多18%。所以可以从第四段中了解到健康的饮食实际上更便宜。故选A项。] 4．C　[推理判断题。由最后一段内容“Present diets cost more than healthy diets，so it is surely not the price that help to drive preferences for unhealthy choices.”可知，目前的饮食比健康的饮食花费更多，所以价格肯定不是导致人们偏好不健康饮食的原因。由此判断出接下来的段落是关于为什么人们选择垃圾食品的。故选C项。] B Tobacco has long been recognized as a huge health threat. It is known to cause lung and heart problems to many long­term users. According to the World Health Organization, 3,000,000 people die early each year because of tobacco use, including 890,000 deaths from second­hand smoke exposure. E­cigarettes, an alternative to smoking, have become popular. Also known as vaporizers (汽化器), they are electric devices that heat liquid nicotine into a vapor that can be taken in. This vapor is less harmful to 　inhale　 than smoke. For example, it does not produce tar (焦油), which can build up in a smoker's lungs. Inhaling vapor—called vaping—is not without its own risks, however. Exposure to nicotine during youth can lead to addiction and cause long­term harm to brain development. The vapor may also contain harmful things. The Center for Disease Control has linked vaping to more than 805 cases of lung disease and 12 deaths so far in the US. Vaping has greatly increased in popularity in the US，especially among teenagers. About 37% of US high school seniors were reported vaping in 2018, up from 28% the year before, Harvard Health Publishing reported. Michael Blaha, a researcher at the Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, listed 3 reasons that contributed to vaping's popularity among young people. First, many teens believe that vaping is less harmful than smoking. Second, e­cigarettes have a lower per­use cost than traditional cigarettes. Finally, e­cigarettes come in a wide range of sweet flavors, like apple pie and watermelon. Blaha is most concerned that more teenagers are taking up vaping as a habit. “It's one thing if you change from cigarette smoking to vaping. It's quite another thing to start up nicotine use with vaping. And, it often leads to using traditional tobacco products down the road，”he said. Governments around the world are divided about vaping. 39 countries and regions have banned the sale of e­cigarettes, according to the Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2018. US President Donald Trump once said the use of e­cigarettes might be negatively affecting young people and that it should be kept off the market until proved harmless. 5．What does the underlined word “inhale”in Paragraph 2 probably mean A．Blow away.　　　　　B．Spread out. C．Give off. D．Breathe in. 6．In what way are e­cigarettes different from traditional tobacco products? A．E­cigarettes do not produce tar. B．E­cigarettes are not bad to smokers' health. C．E­cigarettes are less likely to cause nicotine addiction. D．E­cigarettes do more harm to smokers' brains than their lungs. 7．Why is vaping popular with young people according to Blaha? A．Vaping is allowed at school. B．Vaping makes them look cool. C．They like the liquid taken from fruits. D．They think it's safer and cheaper than smoking. 8．What can we learn from Blaha's words in Paragraph 4? A．Those who smoke e­cigarettes tend to smoke tobacco later. B．Vaping is more likely to attract teenagers than older people. C．It usually takes a long time for smokers to enjoy e­cigarettes. D．E­cigarettes should be encouraged to replace traditional tobacco products. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。众所周知，烟草一直被认为是一个巨大的健康威胁，它会导致许多长期使用者的肺部和心脏问题。烟草的替代品——电子烟在美国越来越受欢迎，尤其是在青少年中。文章介绍了电子烟的危害及各国对电子烟的态度。 5．D　[词义猜测题。根据下文中的“For example，it does not produce tar，which can build up in a smoker's lungs.”可知，它不会产生焦油，而焦油会在吸烟者的肺部积聚。由此可知，上一句应是指“这种蒸气吸入的危害比烟小”，因此，inhale应是“吸入，吸收”的意思。故选D。] 6．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This vapor is less harmful to inhale than smoke.For example，it does not produce tar，which can build up in a smoker's lungs.”可知，电子烟不会像香烟一样产生焦油。故选A。] 7．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Blaha认为年轻人喜欢吸电子烟的原因有3个：认为电子烟的危害比吸烟小；电子烟比传统香烟便宜；电子烟的味道多。结合选项可知应选D。] 8．A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Blaha说的话“It's one thing if you change from cigarette smoking to vaping.It's quite another thing to start up nicotine use with vaping.And，it often leads to using traditional tobacco products down the road”可知，Blaha认为开始时使用电子烟的人最后很可能开始吸烟。故选A。] Ⅱ.完形填空 My teacher Mr. Bush is the most positive person I've ever met. He has the ability to 　__1__　positiveness to young students. He always smiles and never gets　__2__　at students. Once I met some　__3__　because I felt overshadowed by my brother, who seemed to be doing great in every way. Hopelessness 　__4__　me whenever I was in a classroom. But that all　__5__　 when I met my teacher for life, Mr. Bush. Having found out about my problems, he just kept　__6__　me. Because of Mr. Bush, my world was filled with　__7__　and power. A few weeks ago, everyone in my class was feeling a bit 　__8__　because of a bad day at school. But things got　__9__　 after a close of Mr. Bush's class. He drew a picture on the whiteboard that　__10__　a half­full glass of water. He then said, “Class, the point of view in which you look at things will 　__11__　your feelings. Like this glass of water; some people see it and think‘What! Only half a glass of water. How　__12__　 I am.’Whereas other people think‘Wow, I'm so thirsty. Great! Half a glass of water for me！’It all is in the　__13__　 you think.” Mr. Bush's　__14__　way of thinking always makes me feel glad and　__15__　. I will always remember him. 1．A.pass on　　　　　 B．apply for C．consist of D．give up 2．A.strict B．patient C．mad D．curious 3．A.friends B．needs C．realities D．difficulties 4．A.drowned B．resisted C．cured D．relaxed 5．A.happened B．changed C．solved D．included 6．A.forgiving B．calming C．encouraging D．calling 7．A.sunshine B．fear C．surprise D．disappointment 8．A.cheerful B．down C．eager D．afraid 9．A.warmer B．higher C．better D．happier 10．A.served B．filled C．bought D．showed 11．A.hurt B．care about C．give away D．affect 12．A.pleased B．unfortunate C．bright D．perfect 13．A.way B．direction C．end D．past 14．A.different B．optimistic C．special D．important 15．A.proud B．careful C．lonely D．hopeful [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的老师是一个极其乐观的人，他有能力把积极的一面传递给学生，他乐观的思维方式总是让作者感到高兴和充满希望。 1．A　[句意：他有能力把积极的一面传递给(pass on)年幼的学生。apply for申请；consist of组成；give up放弃。分析下文可知，布什先生总是会让沮丧的学生高兴起来，故应是他有能力把积极的一面传递给年幼的学生。选A。] 2．C　[句意：他总是微笑，从来不生学生的气(mad)。strict严格的；patient耐心的；curious好奇的。] 3．D　[句意：有一次，我遇到了一些困难(difficulties)，因为我觉得我的哥哥在各方面都做得很好，这让我有了阴影。friend朋友；need需要；reality现实。] 4．A　[句意：每当我在教室里，绝望就淹没了(drowned)我。resist抵抗；cure治愈；relax使放松。根据上文可知，作者一直活在哥哥的阴影之下，故应是绝望淹没了作者。选A。] 5．B　[句意：但当我见到我一生的老师——布什先生时，一切都改变(changed)了。happen发生；solve解决；include包括。] 6．C　[句意：他发现了我的问题，并一直鼓励(encouraging)我。forgive原谅；calm使平静；call呼叫。] 7．A　[句意：因为布什先生，我的世界充满了阳光(sunshine)和力量。fear害怕；surprise惊讶；disappointment失望。根据下文中的power可知，布什先生的鼓励让作者的世界充满了阳光和力量。故选A。] 8．B　[句意：几个星期前，我们班里的每个人都因为某一天在学校的糟糕表现而感到有点儿沮丧(down)。cheerful高兴的，eager渴望的；afraid害怕的。] 9．C　[句意：但在布什先生的课结束后，情况有所好转(better)。warmer更温暖的；higher更高的；happier更高兴的。根据下文布什先生画了一张半杯水的图，告诉同学们思维方式不一样，看问题的角度就不一样，同学们又都高兴起来可知，布什先生的课结束后，情况又好起来了。故选C。] 10．D　[句意：他在白板上画了一幅画，显示的(showed)是半杯水。serve服务；fill充满；buy买。] 11．D　[句意：他接着说，“同学们，你们看事情的角度会影响(affect)你们的感受”。hurt伤害；care about关心；give away分发。] 12．B　[句意：就像这杯水；有些人看到它就想“什么！只有半杯水。我真不幸(unfortunate)”。pleased高兴的；bright明亮的；perfect完美的。根据下文中的“Whereas other people think‘Wow，I'm so thirsty.Great！Half a glass of water for me！’”可知，此处表示对比，有的人认为只有半杯水是不幸的。故选B。] 13．A　[句意：一切都取决于你思考的方式(way)。direction方向；end结束；past过去。分析上下文可知，布什先生给同学们画了一幅半杯水的图，告诉他们有的人对此持积极的态度，有的人对此持消极的态度。故应是想告诉同学们：你看事情的角度会影响你的感受，一切都取决于你怎么想。故选A。] 14．B　[句意：布什先生乐观的(optimistic)思维方式总是让我感到高兴和充满希望。different不同的；special特殊的；important重要的。] 15．D　[句意：布什先生乐观的思维方式总是让我感到高兴和充满希望(hopeful)。proud骄傲的；careful小心的；lonely孤独的。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $