UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册五维课堂教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语“词汇精讲”与“直接引语和间接引语”核心知识点，词汇部分通过释义、佳句感知、归纳拓展及即学即练构建学习支架，语法部分系统梳理直接引语变间接引语的句子结构、人称、时态等变化规则，配套思维导图辅助理解。 资料特色在于以“讲解-示例-练习”模式提升语言能力，如词汇“即学即练”强化运用，语法“自我探究”培养思维品质，练习题覆盖单词拼写、句型转换等，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生查漏补缺，落实学习能力培养。

Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language [词汇精讲] 1．(教材P28)Many experts link China's economic success to the comprehensive reform... 许多专家把中国经济成功与全面改革联系起来…… reform vi.& vt.改革；(使)改正；改造(行为)n.改革；变革；改良 ◆[佳句感知] As far as I am concerned，the law needs to be reformed. 依我看，法律需要进行改革。 She thought she could reform him. 她觉得她可以使他洗心革面。 He has promised to reform. 他许诺要改过自新。 [归纳拓展]　a government committed to reform致力于改革的政府 far­reaching/major reforms意义深远的/重大的变革 economic reform经济改革 the reform of the educational system 教育体制的改革 reforms in education教育改革 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①Many experts have realised that the current medical system 　needs_reforming/needs_to_be_reformed　(需要改革) to meet the needs of our increasing aging population. ②I sincerely hope Tom's mother will be able 　to_reform_him　(让他洗心革面). Besides，Tom has promised 　to_reform　(改过自新)． ③Our government 　has_been_committed_to_reform　(致力于改革) for many years. 2．(教材P28)According to the report submitted by researchers，between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by... 根据研究人员提交的报告，每年20%到25%的二氧化碳排放是由……造成的。 submit vt.vi提交，呈递(文件、建议等)；屈服，投降 ◆[佳句感知] Your monthly budget must be submitted to the company on the first day of each month. 你每月的预算必须在每月1日提交给公司。 There is no denying that she refused to submit(herself)to threats. 不可否认，她面对威胁，拒不低头。 We protested about the changes for a long time，but in the end we had to submit. 我们对这些变动抗议了很长时间，但最终不得不屈服。 [归纳拓展]　submit...to...把……提交给…… to submit an application/a claim呈递申请书/书面要求 to submit a complaint提交控诉书 submit(oneself)to...向……屈服 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①The developer 　submitted_the_building_plan_to　(把建筑计划提交给……)the council for approval yesterday. ②She decided to resign from the party rather than 　submit(herself)to　(屈从于……)the new rules. [语法填空] ③The boss requested that all applications　(should)_be_submitted　(submit)by Monday. ④Please submit your claim for travelling expenses 　to　 the accounts department. 3．(教材P28)A breakdown in the computer system was responsible for yesterday's chaos in the subway station. 昨天地铁站的混乱是电脑系统故障造成的。 be responsible for 对……负责；是……的原因 ◆[佳句感知] This cleaner is also responsible for keeping the surrounding streets clean. 这个清洁工还负责保持周围街道的清洁。 I side with those who hold the view that human activity is not responsible for all water shortage. 我支持那些认为人类活动并不是所有缺水的原因的人。 [归纳拓展]　responsibility n．责任；职责 have responsibility for (doing)sth.有(做)某事的责任 It's one's responsibility to do sth.某人有责任做某事。 take responsibility for (doing)sth.承担(做)某事的责任 a sense of responsibility责任感 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①Our clinic 　is_responsible_for　(对……负责)about five thousand patients in this part of Leeds. ②　It_is_your_responsibility　(……是你的责任)to inform us of any changes. [语法填空] ③The boss，not the workers should be responsible 　for　 the accident. ④It's her responsibility 　to_ensure　(ensure)the project finishes on time. ⑤You have 　responsibility　(responsible)for informing us of any changes. 4．(教材P29)I'm doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming. 我正在代表学校做一个关于全球变暖的项目。 on behalf of sb.(＝on one's behalf) 代表某人；代替某人；因为(某人)；为了(某人) ◆[佳句感知] On behalf of my whole family，I'd like to extend my sincere gratitude for your help. 我谨代表我全家对你们的帮助表示真诚的感谢。 The madam made an emotional public appeal on her son's behalf. 这位夫人为她儿子做了一次感人的公开呼吁。 Please don't leave on my behalf. 为了我，请不要离开。 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①　On_behalf_of　(代表)everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. ②Mr King can't be here，so his wife will accept the prize 　on_his_behalf　(代表他)． 5．(教材P29)Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic? 为什么核能是一个敏感话题？ sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的；易被惹恼的 ◆[佳句感知] The nerve in this tooth is exposed，so it is sensitive to cold food. 这颗牙的神经暴露着，所以它对冷食很敏感 She is very sensitive to other people's feelings. 她很能体谅他人的感受。 He's very sensitive about his weight. 他很忌讳别人说他胖。 a highly sensitive electronic camera高度灵敏的电子摄像机。 [归纳拓展]　be sensitive to...对……敏感/过敏/体贴 be sensitive about对……神经过敏 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①She 　is_very_sensitive_about　(对……很敏感)this topic，so we'd better not discuss it before her. [语法填空] ②It is obvious that she is very sensitive 　to　 what you said. ③Compared with his sister，Jerry is even 　more_sensitive　(sensitive)to emotional and relationship problems. 直接引语和间接引语 自我探究 总结归纳 1.She said，“I won't be frustrated.” →She said that she wouldn't be frustrated. 人称发生了变化 2.He said to me，“This is the School Computer Centre”． →He told me that was the School Computer Centre. 指示代词发生了变化 3.His mother said to me，“Mr Smith is in charge of the work.” →His mother told me that Mr Smith was in charge of the work. 直接引语变成了that引导的名词性从句 4.Mr Brown said to me，“Are your injuries severe？” →Mr Brown asked me if/whether my injuries were severe. 谓语动词said变成了asked；直接引语中的一般疑问句变成了if/whether引导的宾语从句 5.He said，“I have written a novel.” →He said that I had written a novel. 时态发生了变化 6.He said，“Don't subscribe to her view.” →He told me not to subscribe to her view. 直接引语中的否定祈使句变成了动词不定式的否定形式 [基本概念] 直接引语和间接引语 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，叫作直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫作间接引语(indirect speech)。 一般来讲，直接引语前后要加引号；间接引语不用加引号，常用宾语从句来表达。 He said，“I'm a student.”(直接引语) →He said that he was a student.(间接引语) [思维导图] [语法精析] 一、直接引语变为间接引语时句子结构的变化 (1)直接引语为陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时用连接词that引导(that在口语中常省去)，that从句之前常用say，tell等引述动词。 He said，“My father never talks much about the war.” →He said that his father never talked much about the war. (2)直接引语为一般疑问句或反意疑问句 直接引语如果是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时用连接词whether或if引导，常用的引述动词(短语)为ask，wonder，want to know等。语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。 He said，“Do you have any difficulty with your pronunciation？” →He asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said，“You are interested in English，aren't you？” →He asked whether/if I was interested in English. (3)直接引语为选择疑问句 直接引语如果是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时用连接词whether或if 引导。但句中出现or not时，只能用whether。 He asked，“Do you speak English or French？” →He asked me whether/if I spoke English or French. (4)直接引语为特殊疑问句 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的引导词，常用的引述动词(短语)为ask，wonder，want to know等。疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。 He asked，“What's your name？” →He asked(me)what my name was. 二、直接引语变为间接引语时，人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词等都要发生相应的变化 (1)人称的变化规则：一随主、二随宾，第三人称不更新 直接引语 间接引语 例句 引述内容中的第一人称 与主句主语的人称保持一致 He says，“I like maths very much.”→He says that he likes maths very much. 引述内容中的第二人称 与主句宾语的人称保持一致 He said to Lily，“You must get up early.”→He told Lily that she must get up early. 引述内容中的第三人称 保持不变 She said to me，“They want to help him.”→She told me that they wanted to help him. (2)时态的变化规则 主现从不限；主过从四过(即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时)；客观真理，只用一般现在时。 ①主句是一般现在时，从句可保留原时态(任意时态均可)。 ②主句是过去时态，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时用过去完成时；过去完成时不变。 He said，“He has gone home.” →He said that he had gone home. ③主句是过去时态，从句讲述客观真理时，从句仍用一般现在时。 Our teacher told us，“The moon moves round the earth.” →Our teacher told us the moon moves round the earth. (3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和个别动词的变化 直接引语 间接引语 指示 代词 this these that those 时间 状语 now today tonight this week yesterday the day before yesterday last week three days ago tomorrow next week then that day that night that week the day before two days before the week before three days before the next day/the following day the next week/the following week 地点 状语 here there 动词 come bring go take [温馨提示] 直接引语变为间接引语后，引述的话不用改变语序的情况有： ①当who为主语时，变为间接引语后语序为：who＋谓语＋其他。 ②What is the matter with...？和What is wrong with...？句式在间接引语中不改变语序。 He asked me，“What is the matter with you？” →He asked me what was the matter with me. ►[学以致用] 把下列直接引语变为间接引语 ①“I am having breakfast，”he said. →He said that 　he_was　 having breakfast. ②“I've seen the play，”Gina said to me. →Gina 　told　 me that she 　had_seen　 the play. ③The teacher said，“The sun is bigger than the earth.” →The teacher said that the sun 　is　 bigger than the earth. ④“I met her yesterday，”he said to me. →He told me that he 　had　 met her the day 　before　. ⑤“You can come here before eight，”he said. →He said that I 　could　 go 　there_　 before eight. ⑥“Did you read the book last week？”he said. →He 　asked_if/whether　 I had read the book the week 　before　. 三、直接引语变间接引语(祈使句) 直接引语是表示命令、请求、警告等的祈使句，变为间接引语时，要注意引述动词、句式、人称、代词、状语等的变化。 1．引述动词 直接引语为祈使句，变成间接引语时，要根据句意及说话人语气使用ask，order，tell，suggest，advise，beg，request，command，warn，remind等动词转述。 “Make sure the light is off，”she said to her students. →She told her students to make sure the light was off. “Don't cry any more，” he said to his little brother. →He asked his little brother not to cry any more. 2．句式变化 (1)直接引语为Do型祈使句 直接引语中引述的原话为Do 型祈使句，变为间接引语时，用“引述动词＋sb.＋to＋原祈使句内容”。常用的引述动词有ask，tell，order，command等。 “Tom，stop playing computer games！”said Mother. →Mother ordered Tom to stop playing computer games. (2)直接引语为Don't 型祈使句 直接引语中引述的原话为Don't型祈使句，变成间接引语时，用“引述动词＋sb.＋not＋to＋去掉Don't的原祈使句内容”。常用的引述动词有tell，warn，remind等。 The teacher said，“Don't be late again，Lily.” →The teacher told Lily not to be late again. Tom said，“Don't forget to bring the book to me.” →Tom reminded me not to forget to bring the book to him. (3)直接引语为Let's型祈使句 直接引语中引述的原话为Let's型祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest＋动名词短语/that从句”或“advise＋sb.＋不定式短语/advise＋that从句”。 He said，“Let's go to the theatre.”→He suggested going to the theatre./He suggested that we(should)go to the theatre. 3．直接引语表示建议或劝告 直接引语中引述的原话为Would you mind...？/Why don't you...？/Why not...？/Shall we...？等表示建议、提议或劝告的句子，变为间接引语时，通常用ask/advise sb.to do sth，offer to do sth.，suggest doing sth或suggest＋that sb.(should)do sth.等。 “Would you mind opening the window？”he asked. →He asked me to open the window. “Why don't you take a walk after supper？”he asked. →He advised me to take a walk after supper. “Shall we listen to the music？”he asked. →He suggested listening to the music./He suggested that we(should)listen to the music. 4．其他变化 引述原话为祈使句的直接引语转换成间接引语时，人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等的改变依据直接引语是陈述句时转换成间接引语的方法进行相应变化。同时，直接引语中如果有please，间接引语中需要省去。 The old man said to Lily，“Please read the letter to me.” →The old man asked Lily to read the letter to him. ►[学以致用] 将直接引语转换成间接引语 ①“Shall we go to the cinema tonight？”asked Michael. →　Michael_suggested_going_to_the_cinema_tonight./Michael_suggested_that_we_(should)go_to_the_cinema_tonight.　 ②“What about having a drink？”he asked. →　He_suggested_having_a_drink./He_suggested_that_we_(should)have_a_drink.　 ③“Why don't you go swimming？”asked James. →　James_advised_me_to_go_swimming.　 ④He said，“Would you like me to post the letter？” →　He_offered_to_post_the_letter.　 ⑤“Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow？”she said to me. →　She_asked_me_to_take_my_reference_book_there_the_next/following_day.　 ⑥“Let's go for a walk，”said the girl. →　The_girl_suggested_going_for_a_walk./The_girl_suggested_that_we_(should)go_for_a_walk.　 ⑦“Don't forget to turn off the light，”said our monitor. →　Our_monitor_reminded_me_not_to_forget_to_turn_off_the_light.　 ⑧The policeman said to the thief，“Freeze！” →　The_policeman_ordered_the_thief_to_freeze.　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．As we can see，the whole river 　basin　(流域)is covered with tropical forest. 2．The government took another step on the road to political 　reform　(改革)． 3．Most kids 　undergo　(经历)a complete transformation when they become teenagers. 4．Brown is friendly and 　humorous　(幽默的)，and what he says can always please us as well. 5．If you want to apply for the job，you must 　submit　(提交)your application before January lst. 6．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)There are three books I reread 　annually　(每年)．The first，which I take to reading every spring，is Ernest Hemingway's A Moveable Feast. 7．Whatever troubles arise，we'll have peace of mind amidst seeming 　chaos　(混乱)． 8．In the movie，he plays a concerned and 　sensitive　(善解人意的)father trying to bring up two teenage children on his own. Ⅱ.选词填空 in search of，die out，known as，bring about，on behalf of，lead to，as well as，link...to 1．　On_behalf_of　 my school, I'm writing to invite you to visit the paper­cutting exhibition to be held in our city. 2．　Known_as　 one of China's largest nature reserves, Changbaishan is a wonderful tourist attraction. 3．Dr. Banding and his assistant are 　in_search_of　 a cure for diabetes at present. 4．Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle have been 　linked_to　 an increased risk of heart disease. 5．The invention and the use of cell phones 　have_brought_about　 great changes in our daily life. 6．Since human presented in the world, thousands of kinds of animals 　have_died_out　. 7．As we all know, it is human activities that 　lead_to　 the global warming. 8．As we can see, some theme parks are amusing 　as_well_as　 educational. Ⅲ.句型转换 1．He said, “It will not be long before we know the result of the experiment.” He said that it 　would　 not be long before 　they_know　 the result of the experiment. 2．Mary said to me, “I'm not feeling well in the stomach.” Mary 　told　 me that 　she_was　 not feeling well in the stomach. 3．My father said, “How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden！” My father said 　how_he__wished　 every family had had a large house with a beautiful garden! 4．The teacher said to me, “Is this the reason Tom explained at the meeting for his carelessness？” The teacher asked me 　if_that_was　 the reason Tom had explained at the meeting for his carelessness. 5．He asked me whether I would go to the concert with him the next evening. He said to me，“　Will　 you go to the concert with me 　tomorrow_evening　？” 6．Mother said that she had already prepared supper for us. Mother said，“　I　 have already prepared supper for 　you　.” 7．John asked me how many of us had taken part in the sports meeting the Friday before. John said to me，“How many of 　you_took　 part in the sports meeting 　last_Friday　？” 8．The teacher told us that she had left her book in the office. The teacher said to us，“I 　have_left_my　 book in the office.” Ⅰ.阅读理解 Over a hundred years ago in 1911, something strange was found in the glaciers of Antarctica. Crilffith Taylor－an Australian geologist, had discovered a blood red stream pouring out of the ice cascades (瀑布) of Talor Glacier. Popularly known as the Blood Falls，scientists had not been able to find the reason behind the blood red liquid flowing through the ice until recently. The mystery of the Blood Falls had finally been solved. When these falls were first discovered, scientists had believed that the red colour came from a large amount of red algae (海藻) concentrated in the water. Red algae contain a pigment (色素) which reflects red light, making the algae appear red. This theory made sense，until it was later found that algae do not play a part in the red colour of the flowing liquid at all. What really causes Talor Glacier's water to appear blood red is the presence of iron oxide in the liquid. The waters of the Blood Falls are rich in salt and iron content, and when this water comes in contact with the air, it turns red—just like rust! The water in these falls is often referred to as “brine”by scientists because of the high salt content in the water. This reasoning behind the red colour of the falls was found back in 2003. However, the entire mystery had not yet been solved. How is it then, that the Blood Falls are not frozen? Researchers at the University of Colorado and University of Alaska found that inside the glacier, there is a network of channels and reservoirs that moves the water around. Salt water has a lower freezing temperature. In addition, when any substance undergoes a change in state, it gives off heat. Therefore, the brine actually warms itself up while it's freezing！How this works is that when the brine is flowing through the Talor Glacier, some of it does freeze. As a result of changing state from liquid to ice, the brine gives off heat. This heat is enough to keep the rest of the brine in liquid form, which is why it flows out of the glacier. Incredible new chemistry facts found, and mystery solved! 1．According to the text, the red algae theory was one considered　________　. A．ridiculous　　　 B．reasonable C．impractical D．complex 2．Why does the Blood Falls look red in colour? A．There is too much salt and iron in its water. B．Its liquid is rich in red algae. C．The flowing liquid reflects red sunlight. D．The air is thin and rare in Antarctica. 3．What is the main reason for the Blood Falls' not freezing? A．The water continued flowing constantly. B．There is too much salt in the water. C．The brine gives off heat while freezing. D．Temperatures aren't high enough for flowing water. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The discovery of the blood glacier. B．The birth of the Talor Glacier. C．The flowing red water in Antarctica. D．The mystery of the Blood Falls. [语篇解读]　1911年，澳大利亚地质学家在南极洲的冰川中发现了奇怪的景象——血瀑布。最近，血瀑布的秘密终于被揭开了：瀑布的水中富含盐和铁，当水接触空气时，就会像铁锈一样变红；水中盐分很高，以至于瀑布不结冰。 1．B　[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“This theory made sense，until it was later found that algae do not play a part in the red colour of the flowing liquid at all”可知，这个理论曾被认为是有道理的，直到后来才发现海藻在血瀑布中没有起作用。由此判断B项正确，make sense有道理，讲得通。] 2．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句可知，是因为富含盐分和铁，当瀑布的水接触空气时，就会像铁锈一样变红。] 3．C　[细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，当液体结冰时，盐水释放出热量。这种热量足以使其余的盐水保持液态，这就是它不结冰的原因。] 4．D　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，1911年澳大利亚地质学家在南极洲的冰川中发现了血瀑布。最近，血瀑布的秘密终于被揭开了。D项“血瀑布之谜”能概括文章的内容，体现文章的主旨。] Ⅱ.阅读填句 Solutions to Climate Change There are personal lifestyle changes that you can make and that, to some extent, can help reduce your carbon impact. Not all are right for everybody. But applying just a few of them could make a difference. Move closer to work. Transportation is one of the leading sources of greenhouse gas emissions.　__1__　One way to dramatically cut transportation fuel needs is to move closer to work, use mass transportation, or switch to walking, cycling or some other modes of transport that does not require anything other than human energy. Consume less. 2__　Whether by quitting an automobile or employing a reusable grocery sack, cutting back on consumption results in fewer fossil fuels being burned to extract, produce and ship products around the globe. 3__　 A potentially simpler and even bigger effect can be produced by doing more with less. Citizens of many developed countries are energy­wasters, whether by speeding in a gas­wasting vehicle or leaving the lights on when not in a room. Similarly，employing more efficient refrigerators, air conditioners and other appliances can cut electricity bills.　__4__　You can turn the lights or your computers off when you leave the office. Stop cutting down trees. When purchasing wood products, such as furniture or flooring, buy used goods or, failing that，wood proved officially to have been sustainably harvested. The Amazon rainforest and other forests are more than the lung of the earth.　__5__　 A．Be energy efficient. B．Use few electrical appliances. C．But it doesn't have to be that way. D．Such efforts can also be usefully employed at work. E．They may also be humans' short­term hope for limiting climate change. F．The easiest way to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions is simply to buy less stuff. G．Citizens spend more money on electricity to power devices when they're off than when they're on. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些我们在日常生活中可以采取的简单易行的环保措施。这些措施看似微小，却会为应对气候变化贡献力量。 1．C　[上一句提到交通运输是温室气体排放物的主要来源之一。C项紧承上文，点明情况不一定非得那样，同时引出了下一句介绍的能帮助我们减少这类温室气体排放物的措施。] 2．F　[该空对应的措施是减少消费。F项点明减少温室气体排放物的最简单的方法是少购物，符合本段的语境。] 3．A　[该空是本段的小标题，本段主要建议我们有效利用能源，尽可能减少对能源的浪费，用更少的能源做更多的事，故用A项概括本段的主旨。] 4．D　[上一句介绍了在生活中如何减少对能源的浪费，该空后则介绍了在办公室里如何减少对能源的浪费。D项恰好能用来承上启下。] 5．E　[上一句提到亚马孙雨林及其他森林不仅仅是地球的肺。E项紧承上文，点出它们可能还是人类在短期内控制气候变化的希望。] Ⅲ.完形填空 Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 　__1__　 with them lots of waste. The　__2__　might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the　__3__　of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I'm　__4__　about the place—other destinations are described as “purer”natural experiences. However, I soon　__5__　 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of　__6__　among tons of rubbish.I find a 　__7__　 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 　__8__　but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off. The best of a Kilimanjaro　__9__　， in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This　__10__　is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as　__11__　go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather　__12__　—low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 　__13__　twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland desert: gravel (砾石) , stones and rocks. Finally you climb into an Arctic­like zone with 　__14__　snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. Does Kilimanjaro　__15__　its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true. 1．A.keep　　　　　　 B．mix C．connect D．bring 2．A.stories B．buildings C．crowds D．reporters 3．A.position B．age C．face D．name 4．A.silent B．skeptical C．serious D．crazy 5．A.discover B．argue C．decide D．advocate 6．A.equipment B．grass C．camps D．stones 7．A.remote B．quiet C．all D．clean 8．A.new B．special C．significant D．necessary 9．A.atmosphere B．experience C．experiment D．sight 10．A.view B．quality C．reason D．purpose 11．A.scientists B．climbers C．locals D．officials 12．A.changes B．clears C．improves D．permits 13．A.match B．imagine C．count D．add 14．A.permanent B．little C．fresh D．artificial 15．A.enjoy B．deserve C．save D．acquire [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了由于游客增多，人们乱扔垃圾，乞力马扎罗山的美名不副实。可喜的是，当地政府的环保努力有了回报，山脉生态在慢慢恢复之中。 1．D　[由上文“每年有大约四万人想攀爬乞力马扎罗山”和下文“might damage the beauty of the place(或许会破坏它的美)”可知，众多的登山者带来了(bring)许多垃圾。] 2．C　[由上文可知，每年约四万人攀爬乞力马扎罗山，拥挤的人群(及所带来的垃圾)或许会破坏它的美。crowd“人群”。] 3．C　[由上文知，冰川正在消融，改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)。] 4．B　[根据上文讲述的乞力马扎罗山的气候环境变化和下文的其他旅游景点总会被描述成更加纯净天然的体验可知，此处表示听完这些故事，作者对乞力马扎罗山的自然美丽持怀疑(skeptical)态度。] 5．A　[根据句首However表转折可知，与前面想法不同，作者不久之后发现了(discover)乞力马扎罗山的美。] 6．C　[自从关于乞力马扎罗山上成吨垃圾的报道后，情况发生了很多变化。下文又接着讲述作者在营地外和道路上看到了厕所，由此推知，上文中提到的报道指的是以前的营地(camp)是坐落在垃圾堆中的，现在干净了许多。] 7．D　[本句提到作者在营地里和道路上看到了许多厕所，与在 报道中出现的垃圾堆中的营地截然不同，干净、卫生(clean)。] 8．C　[前文提到了乞力马扎罗山的严峻的(significant)环境问题，毁坏了在人们心目中的形象。] 9．B　[由上文第二段中的“other destinations are described as ‘purer’natural experiences”可知，此空填experience，表示攀登乞力马扎罗山的最佳体验并不在于到达顶峰。] 10．A　[本句用来解释上句内容，为什么很多山脉被许多文化视为精神圣地，这种观点(view)的形成是因为人们可以仅在几千米的空间内经历五种生态系统。] 11．B　[此处表示当攀爬者(climber)在山上经历五种生态系统时，就会认识到这个地方的神圣高尚之处。] 12．A　[由上文可知，乞力马扎罗山上有五种生态系统，所以再往上气候又会变化(change)。] 13．C　[由上文可知，茂密的草丛覆盖着山体，低云压山，本句表示从作者所站之地望去可以数到(count)12处绿荫。] 14．A　[本句表示类北极地带永久的(permanent)积雪和冰川，但它们不久后可能会融化。] 15．B　[文章最后作者发出感慨：一个人满为患，破坏了原有宁静的乞力马扎罗山还能名副其实吗？] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $