UNIT 10 SECTION Ⅲ GRAMMAR-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂教师用书word（北师大版）

SECTION Ⅲ　GRAMMAR 几种过去时态的被动语态 语境美文 语法感悟 　　Once when I was a child，I 1.was cheated by my younger brother. One day in a winter，I 2.was given some cherries by my neighbor，Aunt Li. At that time，no cherries，which 3.were thought to be rare and very expensive, 4.were not planted in our area，especially in winter.They 5.had been transported from the south.My brother told me that cherries 6.couldn't be eaten before they 7.were washed and cleaned with river water.So I 8.was told to fetch some clear water from the river not far from home.I was happy to go to the river and soon came back.But when I got home，all the cherries 9. had been eaten up. (1)被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受着或受事者。 (2)被动语态都必须有be和done。 (3)被动语态与时态融合使用，不会独立存在。 (4)从美文中可以看出： 1,2,3,4,7和8是过去时的被动语态。 5和9是过去完成时的被动语态。 6是含有情态动词的过去时被动语态。 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间是“施事”还是“受事”关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示动作的施事者、执行者；而被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示动作的受事者、承受者。主动句变为被动句时，其宾语在被动语态句子中一般成为主语。动词的语态和时态融合在一起，不可分离、不可独立存在。 过去时态的被动语态主要有四种： 一般过去时的被动语态 过去进行时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态 过去将来时的被动语态 Ⅰ.基本构成 时间 构成 一般过去时 was/were done 过去进行时 was/were being done 过去将来时 would be done was/were to be done was/were going to be done 过去完成时 had been done ◆[语境感悟] The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s. 早在20世纪20年代，人们开始谈论这个概念。 Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States. 很快，这项活动就在美国各大学内举行。 He said the work would be finished in a week. 他说这项工作将在一周后完成。 She told me that a wonderful play was going to be put on at this theatre. 她告诉我这家剧院将上演一出精彩的戏剧。 She did so well that she was to be rewarded. 她做得很好，应该得到奖励。 Ⅱ.基本用法 1．一般过去时被动语态的用法 ①一般过去时的被动语态，其基本用法是：表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作。 ◆[语境感悟] A new shop was built last year. 去年新建了一家商店。 His seat was given to an old man. 他的座位让给了一位老人。 The boy was brought up in the welfare institute. 这个男孩是在福利院被抚养大的。 She was called her nickname when she was young. 她小时候有人叫她的绰号。 ②一般过去时被动语态的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句： ◆[语境感悟] The computers were bought last week. 这些电脑是上周买的。 The computers were not bought last week. 这些电脑不是上周买的。 Were the computers bought last week? 这些电脑是上周买的吗？ When were the computers bought? 这些电脑是什么时候买的？ ◆[即学活用1]——句型转化 ①They built a new house at the foot of the hill. →　A new house was built　 at the foot of the hill. ②The neighbour upstairs disturbed me last night. →　I was disturbed by the neighbour upstairs　 last night. ③The nurses took good care of my father in the hospital. →　My father was taken good care of by the nurses　 in the hospital. 2.过去完成时被动语态的用法 (1)表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的被动动作，即某事在此之前已经被做。 过去完成时的被动语态可以表示在过去某一时间或动作之前被完成的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或时间状语从句来表示，也可以从一个表示过去的动作或上下文中得到提示。 ◆[语境感悟] The forest had been destroyed just before the law was passed. 就在法律通过之前，森林已经被毁坏了。 It was reported that several people had been arrested. 据报道已有数人被捕。 How many English words had been learned by the end of last term? 到上学期末已经学了多少个英语单词？ (2)表示动作一直持续到过去某一时间 过去完成时的被动语态可以表示从过去某一时间开始、一直延续到过去另一时间的被动动作。主句中常含有for引出的“时间段”状语。 ◆[语境感悟] The electricity supply had been cut off for ten hours before it was restored. 供电中断了十个小时才恢复。 The flowers had not been watered for a week by yesterday. 到昨天为止，已经一个星期没有浇花了。 The bridge had been damaged several times by the enemy before it was finally built. 这座桥在最终建成之前已被敌人破坏了好几次。 ◆[即学活用2]——完成句子 ①When I got there，　all the work had been finished　(所有的工作已完成)． ②By the end of last year，　five new schools had been set up　(建起了五座新校)． ③Before the ambulance arrived，　the injured driver had been sent to the hospital　(受伤的司机已被送往医院)． 3．过去进行时被动语态的用法 过去进行时被动语态的基本用法如下： (1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的被动动作，即某事正在被做。 句中往往含有表示过去的时间状语then, at that moment, at that time，at the time，this time yesterday等。句子没有时间状语时，需要根据上下文判断是否使用过去进行时的被动语态。 ◆[语境感悟] The road was being repaired when I got there. 我到那儿时，路正在修理。 The house was being cleaned yesterday morning. 昨天上午房子正在打扫。 The flowers were being watered then. 当时正在浇花。 (2)表示在过去某一段时间内一直在进行的被动动作。 ◆[语境感悟] The plan was being discussed by them the whole morning yesterday. 昨天整个上午他们一直在讨论这项计划。 Corn was being harvested all autumn. 整个秋天都在收割玉米。 He realised that he was being cheated. 他意识到自己正在受骗中。 ◆[即学活用3]——语法填空 ①After school we went to the reading room to do some reading，only to be told that it 　was being decorated　(decorate)． ②We didn't get into the room.A thief 　was being questioned　(question)then. ③I had to walk to work because my car 　was being repaired　(repair)． 4．过去将来时被动语态的用法 (1)would be done ◆[语境感悟] I knew that the books would be given to the students. 我知道这些书将发给学生。 She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。 (2)was/were going to be done ◆[语境感悟] I thought Sally was going to make a big dinner. 我认为萨莉会做一顿丰盛的晚餐。 →I thought a big dinner was going to be made by Sally. 我认为一顿丰盛的晚餐会由萨莉来做。 I believed that Jack was going to write a letter to Tom. 我相信杰克会给汤姆写信的。(主动) →I believed that a letter was going to be written to Tom by Jack. 我相信有封信会由杰克写给汤姆。 (3)was/were to be done ◆[语境感悟] The transportation department said the line was to be opened to traffic next week. 交通部门说该线路将在下周通车。 She did so well that she was to be rewarded. 她做得很好，应该得到奖励。 All the questions were to be answered at once. 所有问题都应该立即回答。 ◆[即学活用4]——语法填空/句型转换 ①He told me that his book 　would be published　 (publish) the next month. ②We were going to built a new bridge across the river. →　A new bridge was going to be built　 across the river. ③The government was to carry out a great program. →A great program 　was to be carried out　 by the government. [基础性] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．When the results of our research 　were_analysed　 (analyse), we noticed something very surprising. 2．Because this experiment 　had_been_attempted　 (attempt) before, we were able to use some of the work those researchers did to help us with our experiment. 3．The positive effects of this community on its people 　were_confirmed　 (confirm) by the results of the research we did last year. 4．My parents 　were_being_looked_after　 (look after) in a care home in the community where they had always lived. 5．I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I 　was_shocked　 (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time. 6．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan 　had_been_carried　(carry) out in the past two years. 7．Steam engines 　were_used　 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 8．It was the first time that he 　had_been_bitten　 (bite) by a dog. 9．Li Ping said that his bike 　was_being_repaired　 (repair) then. 10．The flowers were so lovely that they 　were_sold　 (sell) in no time. [应用性] Ⅱ.完成句子 1．This kind of computer 　was_made_in_that_company_last_year　. 这种电脑是去年那家公司生产的。 2．She was unaware that she 　was_being_filmed　. 她不知道有人在拍摄她。 3．I received the sad news that he 　had_been_killed　 in a motorcycle accident. 我得知了这个不幸的消息，说他在一场摩托车事故中丧生。 4．I had to go to work by taxi because my car 　was_being_repaired　 at the garage. 我得乘出租车去上班，因为我的车正在修理厂修理。 5．He said his son 　was_not_allowed_to_use_the_computer　 without permission. 他说在没有许可的情况下他的儿子不能使用这台电脑。 [综合性] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A “Anyone knows single parents who can't afford to get their child's hair done for school? I will braid (编辫子) it for free！” Brittany Starks wrote on a Facebook post. She decided to offer her hair braiding service after a family friend delivered backpacks full of school supplies, clothing and shoes for Cayden and Ceniyah in early August.“At the time, I didn't have anything for my kids to start school，” said Starks, who is in between homes and staying with her mother.“It meant so much to me.” The unexpected gift made a big difference to Starks and her children, and it motivated her to pay it forward.Starks, who works two receptionist jobs, also braids hair part­time.“The hair­braiding process involves washing, blow­drying, and finally dividing the hair into small sections and braiding it.It also requires multiple supplies—including combs, brushes, hair jam and additional pieces of hair to weave in.It costs anywhere from $150 to $400 at a salon (美发厅), depending on the style，”Starks explained.“But it can last for months and is a huge timesaver in the mornings.” When she wrote the Facebook post, she assumed only a handful of people would reach out, but before she knew it, she had 35 appointments booked.Her Facebook inbox was suddenly full of messages from single parents, whose stories of hardship and financial challenges mirrored her own. “There's a huge need for this.I could really relate to a lot of the women who reached out, and it made me realize that what I was doing was really important，” said Starks.“What got me the most was seeing the kids smile.” Given that there was less than two weeks before the start of school, Starks knew she needed to enlist help. [语篇解读]　本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了单亲妈妈Brittany Starks为那些支付不起孩子编头发辫子费用的单亲家庭的孩子免费编辫子的故事。 1.What got Brittany Starks to offer her hair braiding service? A．A post on Facebook. B．Her friend's timely help. C．Her mother's advice. D．A trip to her kids' school. 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“She decided to offer her hair braiding service after a family friend delivered backpacks full of school supplies, clothing and shoes for Cayden and Ceniyah in early August.”和第三段第一句“The unexpected gift made a big difference to Starks and her children, and it motivated her to pay it forward.”可知，朋友的及时帮助对Brittany Starks产生了重大影响，促使她为孩子提供免费编辫子服务。故选B。] 2.What does Starks say about hair braiding? A．It's a bit dear. B．It's time­wasting. C．It's an easy job. D．It's a mother's duty. 解析：A　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“‘The hair­braiding process involves washing，...It costs anywhere from$150 to $400 at a salon (美发厅), depending on the style，...”可推知，编辫子并不是一件简单的事情，还有一点儿贵。故选A。] 3.How does Starks feel about the response to her Facebook post? A．Rather disturbing. B．Beyond expectation. C．Far from satisfactory. D．Very disappointing. 解析：B　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段“When she wrote the Facebook post, she assumed only a handful of people would reach out, but before she knew it, she had 35 appointments booked.Her Facebook inbox was suddenly full of messages from single parents，...”可知，Starks认为Facebook上的回应出乎意料。故选B。] 4．What can we infer about Brittany Starks from the text? A．She is single with one child. B．She is ambitious and arbitrary. C．She is in need of helping hands. D．She is free from financial worries. 解析：C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“There's a huge need for this.”和“Given that there was less than two weeks before the start of school, Starks knew she needed to enlist help.”可推知，Starks需要寻求帮助来进行自己的服务。故选C。] B I was out for my usual morning run and found myself in the late summer heat，wishing I had taken a water bottle.When I stopped under a bridge for a moment of shade，I saw two young，scruffy men standing next to their sleeping bags.One smiled and gently raised his hand as if motioning “hello” but didn't say a word.He wasn't asking for anything.I smiled and made the same motion back to him. As I started back on my run，I thought about how much we all 　crave　 a connection.In that moment，this homeless man seemed to want to connect more than he wanted food or money.We have all had experiences of feeling separate and lonely.I have felt lonely being in a relationship that was void of emotional connection.Feeling separation doesn't have anything to do with being alone.Being with people is about the human desire to feel connected by being seen and valued by another person.If your tendency is to spend time alone，practice saying yes to invitations.Practice moving towards rather than away from people. We all benefit from connections.That homeless man impacted my day.After encountering him，I felt more grateful—appreciating all that I have.He triggered my compassion—I found myself feeling empathy for him.I had the choice to move towards separation or connection.Were there many ways in which he and I are very different？Absolutely！Are there many ways in which we are alike？Absolutely！I can reflect on times when I was in a situation I had never expected，times when I felt broken，times when I felt at a low point，and times when I needed someone to stop and acknowledge me as he may have been feeling this morning. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者在晨跑中遇到的流浪汉这件小事，明白了人需要与外界保持联系。 5．Why did the author stop under a bridge? A．To greet two homeless people. B．To take a break. C．To get a water bottle. D．To ask for help. 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When I stopped under a bridge for a moment of shade”可知，作者在晚夏时跑步，炎热难耐，希望喝一杯水。所以，其在桥下停下来是为了躲避炎热，进行短暂的休息。故选B。] 6．What does the underlined word “crave” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Praise. B．Describe. C．Have a desire for. D．Develop a dislike in. 解析：C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子的下文“In that moment，this homeless man seemed to want to connect more than he wanted food or money.”可知，作者感慨人类渴望与他人联系，画线词表示“渴望”。故选C。] 7．Which word can describe the author's feeling after meeting the homeless people? A．Sorrowful.　　　　　 B．Relieved. C．Embarrassed. D．Thankful. 解析：D　[观点态度题。根据文章第三段中的“After encountering him，I felt more grateful—appreciating all that I have.He triggered my compassion—I found myself feeling empathy for him.”可知，在遇见他之后，作者更加珍惜感恩所拥有的。故选D项。] 8．What is the best title of the passage? A．Connection！We Need It! B．Homeless People Need Care C．A Meaningful Day D．Ask for Separation 解析：A　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了人需要与外界保持联系。故选A。] Ⅱ.完形填空 Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful. I chose this 　__1__　 because of my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid.Although the doctors and nurses did a great job, hospitals weren't really designed for 　__2__　. I stayed there feeling 　__3__　 and a little bored. After years' special training, I work as part of a programme known as “hospital clowning”．Being a clown doctor means I can help people by 　__4__　 them. One day, 　__5__　 my curly rainbow wig and big red nose, I walked into the waiting area, where there was a familiar atmosphere of 　__6__　 and tension.At that time I spotted a small girl 　__7__　 in pain, with her ankle was twice its 　__8__　 size.Her 　__9__　 parents were sitting uncomfortably on plastic chairs, trying their best to comfort the nervous and crying girl. While the doctor concentrated on 　__10__　 her ankle, I got her 　__11__　 by doing a magic trick.Although she was clearly still in some pain，her scared and anxious look had been 　__12__　－first by a small smile and then by loud laughter as I magically produced her sock from out of my pocket.Seeing their daughter so much happier 　__13__　 made her parents more relaxed.My magic medicine did indeed seem to do the trick. Even today, I still 　__14__　 a big smile as I remember all the fun and laughter of the day.After all, it is true that 　__15__　 is the best medicine. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从事小丑医生这个职业的原因和作者给患者与自己带来的快乐。 1.A.responsibility　　　 B．burden C．dream D．career 解析：D　[句意为：我选择这个职业是因为我小时候去医院的经历。根据下文中的“Although the doctors and nurses did a great job, hospitals weren't really designed for 　____2____　. I stayed there feeling 　____3____　 and a little bored.”和第三段中的“Being a clown doctor means I can help people by 　____4____　 them.”可知，儿时去医院时体验到的害怕和无聊使作者选择小丑医生这个能让病人心情变好的职业。故选D]。 2.A.patients B．clowns C．children D．parents 解析：C　[句意为：尽管医生和护士做得很好，但医院的确不是为儿童设计的。根据空前的“I chose this 　____1____　 because of my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid.”和空后一句“I stayed there feeling 　____3____　 and a little bored.”以及常识可知，孩子喜欢去开心的地方，作者小时候觉得医院是个令孩子们害怕和无聊的地方，不是给孩子们设计的。故选C。] 3.A.frightened B．absorbed C．tired D．confused 解析：A　[句意为：我待在那里感到害怕，有点无聊。根据下文中的“I walked into... a familiar atmosphere of 　____6____　 and tension.”可推知，作者小时候去医院会有紧张和害怕的感觉。故选A。] 4.A.teasing B．entertaining C．comforting D．educating 解析：B　[句意为：作为一个小丑医生意味着我可以通过逗人们开心来帮助他们。根据第五段中的“Although she was clearly still in some pain，her scared and anxious look had been 　____12____　－first by a small smile and then by loud laughter as I magically produced her sock from out of my pocket.”可知，作者作为小丑医生的职责就是逗人们开心。tease意为“戏弄”；entertain意为“使快乐；娱乐”。故选B。] 5.A.putting on B．working on C．taking on D．relying on 解析：A　[句意为：有一天，我戴上我的彩虹卷假发和大红鼻子，走进等候区，那里有一种熟悉的无聊和紧张的气氛。根据下文中的“my curly rainbow wig and big red nose”可知，为了达到搞笑效果，小丑医生工作之前会戴上彩虹卷假发和红鼻子。put on意为“穿上；戴上”；take on意为“承担；呈现”；rely on意为“信赖”。故选A。] 6.A.sacrifice B．embarrassment C．boredom D．criticism 解析：C　[句意见上一题解析。根据第二段中的“I stayed there feeling 　____3____　and a little bored.”可知，作者熟悉这种无聊的气氛。sacrifice意为“牺牲”；embarrassment意为“尴尬”；boredom意为“无聊”；criticism意为“批评”。故选C。] 7.A.crying B．running C．reading D．standing 解析：A　[句意为：那时，我注意到一个小女孩痛苦地哭着，她的脚踝是正常脚踝大小的两倍。根据下文中的“trying their best to comfort the nervous and crying girl”可知，小女孩在哭泣。故选A。] 8.A.normal B．formal C．accurate D．appropriate 解析：A　[句意见上一题解析。根据语境可知，小女孩是来医院看脚踝的，她的脚踝应是肿到正常脚踝的两倍大。故选A。] 9.A.ambitious B．anxious C．careful D．disappointed 解析：B　[句意为：她焦急的父母不安地坐在塑料椅子上，正尽力安慰这个紧张的、正在哭泣的女孩。根据上文中的“At that time I spotted a small girl 　____7____　 in pain, with her ankle was twice its 　____8____　 size”和下文中的“trying their best to comfort the nervous and crying girl”可知，小女孩脚踝肿得很厉害，一直在哭，她的父母此时应是感到焦虑。故选B。] 10.A.operating B．experiencing C．controlling D．examining 解析：D　[句意为：当医生集中精力检查她的脚踝时，我用一个魔术吸引了她的注意。根据语境可知，孩子脚踝出问题了，医生应给她检查脚踝。故选D项。] 11.A.attraction B．admission C．attention D．assumption 解析：C　[句意见上一题解析。根据下文中的“Although she was clearly still in some pain，her scared and anxious look had been 　____12____　－first by a small smile and then by loud laughter as I magically produced her sock from out of my pocket.”可知，作者用魔术吸引了孩子的注意。故选C。 ] 12．A.replaced B．relieved C．removed D．reflected 解析：A　[句意为：虽然她显然还有些疼痛，但她恐惧和焦虑的神情首先被一个微笑取代了，然后当我魔法般地从我的口袋里拿出她的袜子时，她发出了响亮的笑声。根据空后的“first by a small smile and then by loud laughter”可知，孩子原来的恐惧和焦虑被开心取代了。故选A。] 13．A.in return B．in turn C．in vain D．in question 解析：B　[句意为：看到他们的女儿如此快乐，相应地，也让她的父母更放松。根据上文中的“Seeing their daughter so much happier”可推知，看到孩子开心，家长也会感到放松。in return 意为“作为回报”；in turn 意为“相应地”；in vain 意为“徒劳”；in question意为“讨论中的”。故选B。] 14．A.stick B．strengthen C．enter D．wear 解析：D　[句意为：即使在今天，当我想起那天所有欢乐和笑声时，我仍然面带笑容。根据下文中的“as I remember all the fun and laughter of the day”可知，作者想到那天的欢乐和笑声时，自然也会面露笑容。故选D。] 15．A.pain B．magic C．laughter D．behaviour 解析：C　[句意为：毕竟，笑确实是最好的良药。根据文章第一段“Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.”由文章内容可知，小丑医生通过逗人们开心帮助孩子和家长，给他们带来了笑声，抚慰了他们紧张不安的心灵，所以，笑是灵丹妙药。此处为原词复现。故选C。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $