同步语法讲解（一般过去时）-2025-2026学年人教版七年级英语下册

一般过去时 (语法讲解+分层精炼） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）基本定义 1 （二）句式构成 1 （三）动词过去式的构成 2 二、中考题型练习（30道） 2 （一）单项选择（15题） 2 （二）完形填空（10题） 4 （三）句型转换（5题） 4 一、语法讲解 （一）基本定义 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。它常与明确的过去时间状语连用，例如：yesterday（昨天），last week/month/year（上周/上个月/去年），... ago（……以前），in 2020（在2020年），just now（刚才）等。 （二）句式构成 一般过去时的构成根据句中谓语是be动词还是实义动词而不同。 表1：含be动词与实义动词的一般过去时句式对比 句式类型 含be动词的句子 含实义动词的句子 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他。 I/He/She/It 用 was；We/You/They 用 were。 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。 注意：所有人称都用过去式，第三人称单数不加-s。 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 其他。 缩写：wasn 't, weren 't。 主语 + did not (didn 't) + 动词原形 + 其他。 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他? Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 简略答语 Yes, 主语 + was/were. No, 主语 + wasn 't/weren 't. Yes, 主语 + did. No, 主语 + didn't. （三）动词过去式的构成 表2：动词过去式的规则与不规则变化 变化类型 构成规则 示例 规则变化 一般在动词词尾加 -ed work → worked, play → played 以不发音的字母e结尾，直接加 -d live → lived, hope → hoped 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i再加 -ed study → studied, carry → carried 以重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）结尾，双写末尾辅音字母再加 -ed stop → stopped, plan → planned 不规则变化 需特殊记忆（中考重点） 必背例子： am/is → was, are → were do → did, have → had, go → went see → saw, take → took, read → read come → came, get → got, write → wrote 注：did 是助动词，在否定句和疑问句中，用了 did 后，后面的主要动词必须用原形。 二、中考题型练习（30道） （一）单项选择（15题） 1. I ______ an interesting movie with my parents last night. A. watch B. watched C. will watch 2. — ______ you at home yesterday evening? — Yes, I ______. A. Were; were B. Were; was C. Was; was 3. Tom ______ his homework at 8 p.m. yesterday. He finished it early. A. didn 't do B. wasn 't do C. doesn 't do 4. — What ______ you ______ last weekend? — I visited my grandparents. A. do; do B. did; do C. will; do 5. It ______ heavily last Saturday, so we stayed at home. A. rain B. rains C. rained 6. My father ______ to Shanghai on business last week. A. flies B. flew C. fly 7. — Where ______ you born? — I ______ born in Beijing. A. were; was B. was; were C. are; am 8. The little boy ______ a nice picture in art class yesterday. A. draws B. drew C. drawing 9. We ______ any apples on the farm last month. They were all green. A. don 't pick B. didn 't pick C. not pick 10. — Who ______ the window? It 's so clean. — Mary ______. A. cleaned; did B. clean; did C. cleaned; cleaned 11. They ______ a great time at the party last night. A. have B. had C. has 12. — How ______ your summer vacation? — It ______ wonderful. A. was; was B. is; is C. did; was 13. I ______ to the music when my mother came in. A. listen B. am listening C. was listening 14. — Did Lucy ______ to your advice? — No, she ______. A. listen; didn 't B. listened; didn 't C. listen; did 15. The story ______ in a small village many years ago. A. happens B. happened C. will happen （二）完形填空（10题） Last Sunday was a sunny day. My family and I 16 to the park. We 17 a picnic there. My mother 18 some sandwiches and fruit. My father 19 a kite with me. I 20 very high! In the afternoon, we 21 boating on the lake. The water 22 very clear. We 23 some beautiful swans. I 24 lots of photos. We 25 back home until 6 p.m. We all had a wonderful day. 16. A. go B. went C. are going 17. A. have B. had C. has 18. A. makes B. made C. is making 19. A. flies B. flew C. fly 20. A. runs B. ran C. run 21. A. go B. went C. are going 22. A. is B. was C. will be 23. A. see B. saw C. sees 24. A. take B. took C. am taking 25. A. don 't come B. didn 't come C. came （三）句型转换（5题） 26. I was busy last week. (改为否定句) I ______ ______ busy last week. 27. They played basketball yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) ______ they ______ basketball yesterday? 28. She did her homework at home. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ she ______ her homework? 29. The students had an English class. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the students ______? 30. It was sunny yesterday. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the weather ______ yesterday? 三、答案与解析 （一）答案 1-5: BBABC 6-10: BABBA 11-15: BACAB 精选解析： 第3题：选A。句中有过去时间点“at 8 p.m. yesterday”，且后半句提示“已完成”，因此前半句应为否定。主语是第三人称，需用助动词didn 't，后接动词原形do。 第13题：选C。当“妈妈进来”这个过去动作发生时，“听音乐”的动作正在持续，需用过去进行时（was/were doing）。这是常考点。 第14题：选A。Did开头的一般疑问句，后接动词原形listen；否定回答用No, she didn 't。 （二）答案 16-20: BBBBB 21-25: BBBBB 解析：本段叙述上周日的事，全文时态需为一般过去时。关键在于判断每个空的行为是否发生在过去，并选择正确的过去式。 （三）答案 26. was not (或 wasn 't) 27. Did, play 28. Where did, do 29. What did, have 30. How was, like 解析： 第28题：对地点“at home”提问用Where。注意：原句中的did是实义动词“做”的过去式，变疑问句时需要助动词Did，原动词恢复原形do。 第29题：对事物“an English class”提问用What。 第30题：对天气状况“sunny”提问用How。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 一般过去时 (语法讲解+分层精炼） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）基本定义 1 （二）句式构成 1 （三）动词过去式的构成 2 二、中考题型练习（30道） 2 （一）单项选择（15题） 2 （二）完形填空（10题） 3 （三）句型转换（5题） 4 一、语法讲解 （一）基本定义 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。它常与明确的过去时间状语连用，例如：yesterday（昨天），last week/month/year（上周/上个月/去年），... ago（……以前），in 2020（在2020年），just now（刚才）等。 （二）句式构成 一般过去时的构成根据句中谓语是be动词还是实义动词而不同。 表1：含be动词与实义动词的一般过去时句式对比 句式类型 含be动词的句子 含实义动词的句子 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他。 I/He/She/It 用 was；We/You/They 用 were。 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。 注意：所有人称都用过去式，第三人称单数不加-s。 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 其他。 缩写：wasn 't, weren 't。 主语 + did not (didn 't) + 动词原形 + 其他。 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他? Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 简略答语 Yes, 主语 + was/were. No, 主语 + wasn 't/weren 't. Yes, 主语 + did. No, 主语 + didn't. （三）动词过去式的构成 表2：动词过去式的规则与不规则变化 变化类型 构成规则 示例 规则变化 一般在动词词尾加 -ed work → worked, play → played 以不发音的字母e结尾，直接加 -d live → lived, hope → hoped 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i再加 -ed study → studied, carry → carried 以重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）结尾，双写末尾辅音字母再加 -ed stop → stopped, plan → planned 不规则变化 需特殊记忆（中考重点） 必背例子： am/is → was, are → were do → did, have → had, go → went see → saw, take → took, read → read come → came, get → got, write → wrote 注：did 是助动词，在否定句和疑问句中，用了 did 后，后面的主要动词必须用原形。 二、中考题型练习（30道） （一）单项选择（15题） 1. I ______ an interesting movie with my parents last night. A. watch B. watched C. will watch 2. — ______ you at home yesterday evening? — Yes, I ______. A. Were; were B. Were; was C. Was; was 3. Tom ______ his homework at 8 p.m. yesterday. He finished it early. A. didn 't do B. wasn 't do C. doesn 't do 4. — What ______ you ______ last weekend? — I visited my grandparents. A. do; do B. did; do C. will; do 5. It ______ heavily last Saturday, so we stayed at home. A. rain B. rains C. rained 6. My father ______ to Shanghai on business last week. A. flies B. flew C. fly 7. — Where ______ you born? — I ______ born in Beijing. A. were; was B. was; were C. are; am 8. The little boy ______ a nice picture in art class yesterday. A. draws B. drew C. drawing 9. We ______ any apples on the farm last month. They were all green. A. don 't pick B. didn 't pick C. not pick 10. — Who ______ the window? It 's so clean. — Mary ______. A. cleaned; did B. clean; did C. cleaned; cleaned 11. They ______ a great time at the party last night. A. have B. had C. has 12. — How ______ your summer vacation? — It ______ wonderful. A. was; was B. is; is C. did; was 13. I ______ to the music when my mother came in. A. listen B. am listening C. was listening 14. — Did Lucy ______ to your advice? — No, she ______. A. listen; didn 't B. listened; didn 't C. listen; did 15. The story ______ in a small village many years ago. A. happens B. happened C. will happen （二）完形填空（10题） Last Sunday was a sunny day. My family and I 16 to the park. We 17 a picnic there. My mother 18 some sandwiches and fruit. My father 19 a kite with me. I 20 very high! In the afternoon, we 21 boating on the lake. The water 22 very clear. We 23 some beautiful swans. I 24 lots of photos. We 25 back home until 6 p.m. We all had a wonderful day. 16. A. go B. went C. are going 17. A. have B. had C. has 18. A. makes B. made C. is making 19. A. flies B. flew C. fly 20. A. runs B. ran C. run 21. A. go B. went C. are going 22. A. is B. was C. will be 23. A. see B. saw C. sees 24. A. take B. took C. am taking 25. A. don 't come B. didn 't come C. came （三）句型转换（5题） 26. I was busy last week. (改为否定句) I ______ ______ busy last week. 27. They played basketball yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) ______ they ______ basketball yesterday? 28. She did her homework at home. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ she ______ her homework? 29. The students had an English class. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the students ______? 30. It was sunny yesterday. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the weather ______ yesterday? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $