2025-2026学年人教版七年级英语下册同步语法讲解（祈使句和选择疑问句）

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了祈使句与选择疑问句的核心语法内容，涵盖祈使句的作用意义、主要句式结构和选择疑问句的结构与回答，配套中考题型练习（单项选择、完形填空、句型转换），搭建从基础语法理解到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过表格对比呈现句式结构（如祈使句肯定式、否定式等），标注核心要点（如“谓语动词用原形”），分层精炼30道中考题，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计“核心要点”提示和题型分类练习，不同基础学生可高效掌握，教师可直接用于课堂讲解与巩固，提升教学实效。

祈使句与选择疑问句 (语法讲解+分层精炼） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一） 祈使句 1 1. 祈使句的作用与意义 1 2. 祈使句的主要句式结构 1 （二）选择疑问句 2 1. 选择疑问句的作用与意义 2 2. 选择疑问句的结构与回答 2 二、中考题型练习（30道） 2 （一）单项选择（15题） 2 （二）完形填空（10题） 4 （三）句型转换（5题） 4 一、语法讲解 （一） 祈使句 1. 祈使句的作用与意义 祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告或建议，目的是直接影响听者的行为。通常省略主语 you，直接以动词原形开头。 2. 祈使句的主要句式结构 句式类型 结构 例句 说明 肯定式 动词原形 + 其他 Open the door, please. （请开门。） 最常用形式，语气直接。 否定式 Don't/Never + 动词原形 + 其他 Don't be late. （别迟到。） Never give up. （永不放弃。） Don't 用于一般否定，Never 语气更强。 委婉式 Please + 动词原形… / 动词原形…, please Please sit down. / Sit down, please. 加 please 使语气更礼貌。 带主语式 某人 + 动词原形 + 其他 Tom, come here. （汤姆，过来。） 为明确对象，可加上人名作主语。 Let's 引导 Let's + 动词原形 + 其他 Let's go home. （我们回家吧。） 表示建议，包括说话者和听者。 核心要点：无论主语是谁，祈使句的谓语动词永远用原形。否定句中 don't 后也必须跟动词原形。 （二）选择疑问句 1. 选择疑问句的作用与意义 选择疑问句提出两个或多个选项供对方选择，选项间用 or 连接。回答时不能用 yes 或 no，必须选择其中一个选项。 2. 选择疑问句的结构与回答 句型 结构 例句与回答 说明 一般疑问句 + or + 选项 一般疑问句 + or + 另一选项？ — Is this a pen or a pencil? — (It's) A pencil. 由一般疑问句引出选择。 特殊疑问句 + 选项A or B 特殊疑问句 + 选项A + or + 选项B？ — Which do you like, tea or coffee? — (I like) Coffee. 由特殊疑问词引导选择。 核心要点：听清 or 是关键，回答时需直接给出选择，可省略重复部分。 二、中考题型练习（30道） （一）单项选择（15题） 1. ______ late for school again, Tom. A. Not be B. Don't be C. Be not 2. — Would you like tea ______ coffee? — Coffee, please. A. and B. but C. or 3. Let's ______ football after school. A. play B. to play C. playing 4. ______ on the grass. Look at the sign. A. Not walk B. Don't walk C. Walk not 5. — Is your brother tall ______ short? — He is tall. A. and B. but C. or 6. Please ______ me your homework tomorrow. A. to bring B. bring C. bringing 7. — Shall we go out for dinner ______ eat at home? — Let's eat at home. A. and B. or C. then 8. ______ talk loudly in the library. A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't 9. — ______ go and help her. — Good idea. A. Let we B. Let's C. Let 10. — Do you go to school by bus ______ by bike? — By bike. A. and B. or C. but 11. ______ careful with your words. A. Do be B. Be C. To be 12. — What would you like, juice ______ milk? — Milk, thanks. A. and B. but C. or 13. It's raining. ______ forget your umbrella. A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't 14. ______ to me carefully, boys and girls. A. Listen B. Listening C. To listen 15. — Is this bag yours ______ Lucy's? — It's Lucy's. A. and B. but C. or （二）完形填空（10题） It's the first day of the school trip. The teacher says to everyone, “ 16 up, please! Listen to me carefully. 17 run around. It's not safe.” Then she asks, “Are we going to the museum first 18 the park?” We all choose the museum. On the bus, she says, “ 19 talk too loudly. 20 look out of the window and enjoy the view.” Later she asks, “Do you want to have lunch at 12:00 21 12:30?” We choose 12:00. After lunch, she says, “ 22 litter everywhere. 23 put it in the bin.” Finally, she asks, “Shall we go back at 4 p.m. 24 5 p.m.?” We are tired, so we choose 4 p.m. She smiles and says, “OK. 25 a good time today!” 16. A. Stand B. Standing C. To stand 17. A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't 18. A. and B. but C. or 19. A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't 20. A. Not B. Don't C. Just 21. A. and B. but C. or 22. A. Not throw B. Don't throw C. Doesn't throw 23. A. Please B. To please C. Pleasing 24. A. and B. but C. or 25. A. Have B. To have C. Having （三）句型转换（5题） 26. You should sit down. (改为祈使句) ______ ______, please. 27. You mustn't smoke here. (改为祈使句否定形式) ______ ______ here. 28. We are going to play basketball. (改为以Let's开头的祈使句) ______ ______ basketball. 29. Is he a teacher? Is he a doctor? (合并为一句选择疑问句) Is he a teacher ______ ______ ______? 30. You can have an apple. You can have a pear. (用or连接成选择疑问句) ______ you have an apple ______ a pear? 答案与解析 （一）答案 1-5: BCABC 6-10: BBBBB 11-15: BCBAC 解析： 第1、4、8题：考查祈使句否定式。固定结构为 Don't + 动词原形，故均选B。 第11题：考查祈使句的强调形式。在肯定祈使句的动词原形前加 Do 可表示强调，意为“务必，一定”，故选A。 第2、5、7、10、12、15题：均考查选择疑问句的连词。连接两个供选择的选项，必须用 or，故全部选C。 （二）答案 16-20: ABCBC 21-125: CBACA 解析： 本篇通过春游记叙，集中练习在真实语境中判断使用祈使句和选择疑问句。 16， 20， 25：肯定祈使句，动词原形开头。 17， 19， 22：否定祈使句，用Don't。 18， 21， 24：选择疑问句中的连接词，用or。 23：表示请求的肯定祈使句，句首加Please。 （三）答案 26. Sit down 27. Don't smoke 28. Let's play 29. or a doctor 30. Can, or 解析： 第26题：去掉情态动词should，直接用动词原形Sit开头。 第30题：将两个陈述句用选择疑问句结构连接，用Can you... or...？的句式。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 祈使句与选择疑问句 (语法讲解+分层精炼） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一） 祈使句 1 1. 祈使句的作用与意义 1 2. 祈使句的主要句式结构 1 （二）选择疑问句 2 1. 选择疑问句的作用与意义 2 2. 选择疑问句的结构与回答 2 二、中考题型练习（30道） 2 （一）单项选择（15题） 2 （二）完形填空（10题） 3 （三）句型转换（5题） 4 一、语法讲解 （一） 祈使句 1. 祈使句的作用与意义 祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告或建议，目的是直接影响听者的行为。通常省略主语 you，直接以动词原形开头。 2. 祈使句的主要句式结构 句式类型 结构 例句 说明 肯定式 动词原形 + 其他 Open the door, please. （请开门。） 最常用形式，语气直接。 否定式 Don't/Never + 动词原形 + 其他 Don't be late. （别迟到。） Never give up. （永不放弃。） Don't 用于一般否定，Never 语气更强。 委婉式 Please + 动词原形… / 动词原形…, please Please sit down. / Sit down, please. 加 please 使语气更礼貌。 带主语式 某人 + 动词原形 + 其他 Tom, come here. （汤姆，过来。） 为明确对象，可加上人名作主语。 Let's 引导 Let's + 动词原形 + 其他 Let's go home. （我们回家吧。） 表示建议，包括说话者和听者。 核心要点：无论主语是谁，祈使句的谓语动词永远用原形。否定句中 don't 后也必须跟动词原形。 （二）选择疑问句 1. 选择疑问句的作用与意义 选择疑问句提出两个或多个选项供对方选择，选项间用 or 连接。回答时不能用 yes 或 no，必须选择其中一个选项。 2. 选择疑问句的结构与回答 句型 结构 例句与回答 说明 一般疑问句 + or + 选项 一般疑问句 + or + 另一选项？ — Is this a pen or a pencil? — (It's) A pencil. 由一般疑问句引出选择。 特殊疑问句 + 选项A or B 特殊疑问句 + 选项A + or + 选项B？ — Which do you like, tea or coffee? — (I like) Coffee. 由特殊疑问词引导选择。 核心要点：听清 or 是关键，回答时需直接给出选择，可省略重复部分。 二、中考题型练习（30道） （一）单项选择（15题） 1. ______ late for school again, Tom. A. Not be B. Don't be C. Be not 2. — Would you like tea ______ coffee? — Coffee, please. A. and B. but C. or 3. Let's ______ football after school. A. play B. to play C. playing 4. ______ on the grass. Look at the sign. A. Not walk B. Don't walk C. Walk not 5. — Is your brother tall ______ short? — He is tall. A. and B. but C. or 6. Please ______ me your homework tomorrow. A. to bring B. bring C. bringing 7. — Shall we go out for dinner ______ eat at home? — Let's eat at home. A. and B. or C. then 8. ______ talk loudly in the library. A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't 9. — ______ go and help her. — Good idea. A. Let we B. Let's C. Let 10. — Do you go to school by bus ______ by bike? — By bike. A. and B. or C. but 11. ______ careful with your words. A. Do be B. Be C. To be 12. — What would you like, juice ______ milk? — Milk, thanks. A. and B. but C. or 13. It's raining. ______ forget your umbrella. A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't 14. ______ to me carefully, boys and girls. A. Listen B. Listening C. To listen 15. — Is this bag yours ______ Lucy's? — It's Lucy's. A. and B. but C. or （二）完形填空（10题） It's the first day of the school trip. The teacher says to everyone, “ 16 up, please! Listen to me carefully. 17 run around. It's not safe.” Then she asks, “Are we going to the museum first 18 the park?” We all choose the museum. On the bus, she says, “ 19 talk too loudly. 20 look out of the window and enjoy the view.” Later she asks, “Do you want to have lunch at 12:00 21 12:30?” We choose 12:00. After lunch, she says, “ 22 litter everywhere. 23 put it in the bin.” Finally, she asks, “Shall we go back at 4 p.m. 24 5 p.m.?” We are tired, so we choose 4 p.m. She smiles and says, “OK. 25 a good time today!” 16. A. Stand B. Standing C. To stand 17. A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't 18. A. and B. but C. or 19. A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't 20. A. Not B. Don't C. Just 21. A. and B. but C. or 22. A. Not throw B. Don't throw C. Doesn't throw 23. A. Please B. To please C. Pleasing 24. A. and B. but C. or 25. A. Have B. To have C. Having （三）句型转换（5题） 26. You should sit down. (改为祈使句) ______ ______, please. 27. You mustn't smoke here. (改为祈使句否定形式) ______ ______ here. 28. We are going to play basketball. (改为以Let's开头的祈使句) ______ ______ basketball. 29. Is he a teacher? Is he a doctor? (合并为一句选择疑问句) Is he a teacher ______ ______ ______? 30. You can have an apple. You can have a pear. (用or连接成选择疑问句) ______ you have an apple ______ a pear? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $