寒假总动员08 语态（巩固复习·衔接预习）-2025-2026学年江苏译林版英语九年级下册

寒假总动员▪巩固复习·衔接预习 限时巩固复习：45min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假总动员08 专题 语态 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——学习力三步曲 第一步：词 析教材 学知识：紧扣教材复习、突出重点词语 第二步：句 练考点 强知识：核心考点精练、精准句式巩固 第三步：文 · 研话题 抓典例：解题难点突破、快速提升能力 重点归纳 （导图梳理+重点归类） 一、导图梳理 📚英语语态 🌿 主动语态 🌟被动语态 定义： 主语是动作的发出者（谁做了动作） 核心结构：主语 + 谓语动词（主动形式） + 宾语（动作承受者） 标志：无特殊标志，句式直接体现“谁做什么” 注意：初中阶段大部分句子均为主动语态，无需刻意变形，重点掌握与被动语态的转换 定义：主语是动作的承受者（动作作用在谁身上） 核心结构（必记）：主语 + be动词 + 动词过去分词（done） + （by + 动作发出者） 关键提醒：be动词的时态要与原句时态一致 二、重点归类 1.被动语态的用法。当主语为动作的承受者时，用被动语态，动词用被动结构：助动词be加及物动词的过去分词。时态体现在be动词上，即一般现在时为am, is, are，一般过去时为was, were，现在进行时为am, is, are加being，现在完成时为have/has been等等。如：This English song has been taught already in our class.我们班已经教了这首英语歌。 2.主动语态句式中如果时双宾语，改为被动语态时只需要将直接宾语或间接宾语在位被动语态的主语另一个则保留在原来的位置，但如果是间接宾语（表人的宾语）保留原位时则应该在其前面加介词to或for。如：My parents bought me a Giant yesterday.→A Giant was bought for me by parents yesterday.或I was bought a Giant by my parents yesterday. 3.主动语态句式中动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，改为被动语态时，要还原动词不定式符号to。如：We can’t make the students do so much homework.→The students can’t be made to do so much homework. 4.当被动语态的主语为从句时，常位于句子末尾，而句首用形式主语it。常见的句型有It’s said that...“据说……”，It’s reported that...“据报道……”，It’s known to all that...“众所周知……”等等。 能力提高训练 （基础训练+能力提升+思维拓展） 基础训练 一、单项选择 1. The classroom ______ every morning by the students. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. will be cleaned 2. A new bridge ______ in our city last year. A. was built B. built C. is built D. will be built 3. These books ______ to the children in poor areas next month. A. send B. sent C. will be sent D. are sent 4. — How long ______ the meeting room ______? — For about two hours. A. has; borrowed B. has; been borrowed C. has; kept D. has; been kept 5. The window ______ by Tom yesterday. He felt very sorry for it. A. breaks B. broke C. is broken D. was broken 6. English ______ widely ______ in many countries around the world. A. is; spoken B. speaks C. spoke D. will be spoken 7. The work ______ in an hour. Let’s hurry up. A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. is finished 8. This story ______ by my grandma when I was a child. A. tells B. is told C. was told D. will be told 9. — Can you sing this song? — Yes. It ______ many times on TV. A. has been sung B. is sung C. was sung D. sings 10. The accident ______ because of the bad weather. We should be careful in rainy days. A. happens B. happened C. is happened D. was happened 能力提升 二、完形填空 Dear children， How time flies! As your teacher, I'd like to talk about “behaving like a grownup” with you before you leave school. During our lives, we need the strength of other people to achieve our goals. __1__ of us can make it on our own. In an __2__ world, we would all have thoughtful, helpful people to guide us in life. Imagine having a __3__ who is devoted to keeping you healthy. Or imagine having a boss who wants you to enjoy your job and make progress in your __4__. But many of us have difficulty dealing with(打交道) grownups who seem __5__ in their changeable moods. If we have immature(不成熟的) adults __6__ trustworthy adults around us, we will certainly get into real trouble. What's more, if we are always __7__ that we're right all the time, while others are wrong, then we are like those immature adults. Our own personalities could be the __8__. A mature adult is someone who makes problems better, not worse. When this type of people face a bad __9__， they try to find ways to be calm and in control. They keep practicing solving problems __10__ they become members of mature adults. Maybe you're now too young to behave like a mature adult. When you run across a problem, try to stay calm and think more before taking actions, then you're really on the way to be a grownup. Yours faithfully， Vivien 1. A. None B. Most C. Any D. Many 2. A. ancient B. ideal C. unknown D. equal 3. A. director B. teacher C. policeman D. doctor 4. A. dream B. career C. study D. habit 5.A. trapped B. surprised C. bored D. frightened 6. A. in front of B. as well as C. instead of D. along with 7. A. reporting B. guessing C. thinking D. discussing 8. A. problem B. project C. purpose D. power 9. A. production B. suggestion C. instruction D. situation 10.A. unless B. as C. until D. when 思维拓展 三、书面表达 图中女子Nancy是个“手机控”，昨天她在街上因为使用手机发生了交通事故。请根据图片提示，写一篇90词左右的短文，简要描述这件事情，并谈谈自己的看法。 注意：1. 短文已给出的部分不计入总词数； 2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯、通顺； 3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 温故知新·查漏补缺·弯道超车·体悟方法·提升能力·全面突破·赢在寒假！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $寒假总动员▪巩固复习·衔接预习 限时巩固复习：45min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假总动员08 专题 语态 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——学习力三步曲 第一步：词 析教材 学知识：紧扣教材复习、突出重点词语 第二步：句 练考点 强知识：核心考点精练、精准句式巩固 第三步：文 · 研话题 抓典例：解题难点突破、快速提升能力 重点归纳 （导图梳理+重点归类） 一、导图梳理 📚英语语态 🌿 主动语态 🌟被动语态 定义： 主语是动作的发出者（谁做了动作） 核心结构：主语 + 谓语动词（主动形式） + 宾语（动作承受者） 标志：无特殊标志，句式直接体现“谁做什么” 注意：初中阶段大部分句子均为主动语态，无需刻意变形，重点掌握与被动语态的转换 定义：主语是动作的承受者（动作作用在谁身上） 核心结构（必记）：主语 + be动词 + 动词过去分词（done） + （by + 动作发出者） 关键提醒：be动词的时态要与原句时态一致 二、重点归类 1.被动语态的用法。当主语为动作的承受者时，用被动语态，动词用被动结构：助动词be加及物动词的过去分词。时态体现在be动词上，即一般现在时为am, is, are，一般过去时为was, were，现在进行时为am, is, are加being，现在完成时为have/has been等等。如：This English song has been taught already in our class.我们班已经教了这首英语歌。 2.主动语态句式中如果时双宾语，改为被动语态时只需要将直接宾语或间接宾语在位被动语态的主语另一个则保留在原来的位置，但如果是间接宾语（表人的宾语）保留原位时则应该在其前面加介词to或for。如：My parents bought me a Giant yesterday.→A Giant was bought for me by parents yesterday.或I was bought a Giant by my parents yesterday. 3.主动语态句式中动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，改为被动语态时，要还原动词不定式符号to。如：We can’t make the students do so much homework.→The students can’t be made to do so much homework. 4.当被动语态的主语为从句时，常位于句子末尾，而句首用形式主语it。常见的句型有It’s said that...“据说……”，It’s reported that...“据报道……”，It’s known to all that...“众所周知……”等等。 能力提高训练 （基础训练+能力提升+思维拓展） 基础训练 一、单项选择 1. The classroom ______ every morning by the students. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. will be cleaned 2. A new bridge ______ in our city last year. A. was built B. built C. is built D. will be built 3. These books ______ to the children in poor areas next month. A. send B. sent C. will be sent D. are sent 4. — How long ______ the meeting room ______? — For about two hours. A. has; borrowed B. has; been borrowed C. has; kept D. has; been kept 5. The window ______ by Tom yesterday. He felt very sorry for it. A. breaks B. broke C. is broken D. was broken 6. English ______ widely ______ in many countries around the world. A. is; spoken B. speaks C. spoke D. will be spoken 7. The work ______ in an hour. Let’s hurry up. A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. is finished 8. This story ______ by my grandma when I was a child. A. tells B. is told C. was told D. will be told 9. — Can you sing this song? — Yes. It ______ many times on TV. A. has been sung B. is sung C. was sung D. sings 10. The accident ______ because of the bad weather. We should be careful in rainy days. A. happens B. happened C. is happened D. was happened 解析： 参考答案: 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. B 详细解析: 1. 答案：B（is cleaned） 解析：核心考点——一般现在时的被动语态。标志词every morning（一般现在时），主语the classroom是动作（clean）的承受者，需用被动语态；一般现在时被动结构：am/is/are + 过去分词，主语是单数，be动词用is，clean的过去分词是cleaned，故选B。 2. 答案：A（was built） 解析：核心考点——一般过去时的被动语态。标志词last year（一般过去时），主语a new bridge是动作（build）的承受者，用被动语态；一般过去时被动结构：was/were + 过去分词，主语是单数，be动词用was，build的过去分词是built，故选A。 3. 答案：C（will be sent） 解析：核心考点——一般将来时的被动语态。标志词next month（一般将来时），主语these books是动作（send）的承受者，用被动语态；一般将来时被动结构：will be + 过去分词，send的过去分词是sent，故选C。 4. 答案：D（has; been kept） 解析：核心考点——现在完成时的被动语态+延续性动词。标志词how long、for about two hours（现在完成时，持续时间段），主语the meeting room是动作的承受者，用被动语态；borrow是短暂性动词，不能与持续时间段连用，需转化为延续性动词keep，现在完成时被动结构：have/has been + 过去分词，keep的过去分词是kept，故选D。 5. 答案：D（was broken） 解析：核心考点——一般过去时的被动语态。标志词yesterday（一般过去时），主语the window是动作（break）的承受者，用被动语态；一般过去时被动结构：was/were + 过去分词，主语是单数，be动词用was，break的过去分词是broken，故选D。 6. 答案：A（is; spoken） 解析：核心考点——一般现在时的被动语态（客观事实）。句意“英语在世界上许多国家被广泛使用”，是客观事实，用一般现在时；主语English是动作（speak）的承受者，用被动语态，结构为am/is/are + 过去分词，主语是单数，be动词用is，speak的过去分词是spoken，故选A。 7. 答案：C（will be finished） 解析：核心考点——一般将来时的被动语态。标志词in an hour（一般将来时），主语the work是动作（finish）的承受者，用被动语态；一般将来时被动结构：will be + 过去分词，finish的过去分词是finished，故选C。 8. 答案：C（was told） 解析：核心考点——一般过去时的被动语态。标志词when I was a child（一般过去时），主语this story是动作（tell）的承受者，用被动语态；一般过去时被动结构：was/were + 过去分词，主语是单数，be动词用was，tell的过去分词是told，故选C。 9. 答案：A（has been sung） 解析：核心考点——现在完成时的被动语态。标志词many times（多次，强调动作反复发生，对现在有影响），主语it（指代歌曲）是动作（sing）的承受者，用被动语态；现在完成时被动结构：have/has been + 过去分词，主语是单数，用has，sing的过去分词是sung，故选A。 10. 答案：B（happened） 解析：核心考点——被动语态易错点（不及物动词无被动）。happen是不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态（不能说“被发生”），排除C、D；标志词语境（事故发生是过去的事情），用一般过去时，happen的过去式是happened，故选B。（重点提醒：初中常考不及物动词如happen、arrive、appear，均无被动语态） 能力提升 二、完形填空 Dear children， How time flies! As your teacher, I'd like to talk about “behaving like a grownup” with you before you leave school. During our lives, we need the strength of other people to achieve our goals. __1__ of us can make it on our own. In an __2__ world, we would all have thoughtful, helpful people to guide us in life. Imagine having a __3__ who is devoted to keeping you healthy. Or imagine having a boss who wants you to enjoy your job and make progress in your __4__. But many of us have difficulty dealing with(打交道) grownups who seem __5__ in their changeable moods. If we have immature(不成熟的) adults __6__ trustworthy adults around us, we will certainly get into real trouble. What's more, if we are always __7__ that we're right all the time, while others are wrong, then we are like those immature adults. Our own personalities could be the __8__. A mature adult is someone who makes problems better, not worse. When this type of people face a bad __9__， they try to find ways to be calm and in control. They keep practicing solving problems __10__ they become members of mature adults. Maybe you're now too young to behave like a mature adult. When you run across a problem, try to stay calm and think more before taking actions, then you're really on the way to be a grownup. Yours faithfully， Vivien 1. A. None B. Most C. Any D. Many 2. A. ancient B. ideal C. unknown D. equal 3. A. director B. teacher C. policeman D. doctor 4. A. dream B. career C. study D. habit 5.A. trapped B. surprised C. bored D. frightened 6. A. in front of B. as well as C. instead of D. along with 7. A. reporting B. guessing C. thinking D. discussing 8. A. problem B. project C. purpose D. power 9. A. production B. suggestion C. instruction D. situation 10.A. unless B. as C. until D. when 解析： 短文主旨：本文是老师写给即将毕业学生的一封信，围绕“如何表现得像个成年人”展开，告诉学生：人生需要他人帮助，成熟的成年人会冷静解决问题，而非加剧问题，引导学生遇事冷静、学会反思，逐步走向成熟。 参考答案: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C 详细解析: 1. 答案：A（None） 解析：上下文逻辑+不定代词辨析题。前一句“During our lives, we need the strength of other people to achieve our goals.”（人生中，我们需要他人的力量来实现目标），由此可推断，“没有人能独自成功”，表完全否定。 选项辨析：A. None（没有人/物，表完全否定）；B. Most（大多数）、D. Many（许多），均表肯定，与前一句“需要他人帮助”逻辑矛盾；C. Any（任何一个），多用于疑问句/否定句，此处语义不符，故选A。 2. 答案：B（ideal） 解析：形容词辨析+语境逻辑题。后一句“we would all have thoughtful, helpful people to guide us in life.”（我们都会有体贴、乐于助人的人在人生中引导我们），这是一种“理想中的”状态，与现实形成对比。 选项辨析：A. ancient（古代的）、C. unknown（未知的）、D. equal（平等的），均与“有他人引导”的语境无关；B. ideal（理想的），贴合“完美、令人向往的人生状态”，故选B。 3. 答案：D（doctor） 解析：上下文语境+名词辨析题。后一句“who is devoted to keeping you healthy”（致力于保持你健康的人），结合常识，“守护健康”的人是医生。 选项辨析：A. director（导演、主任）、B. teacher（老师）、C. policeman（警察），均不负责“守护健康”；D. doctor（医生），贴合“保持健康”的语境，故选D。 4. 答案：B（career） 解析：名词辨析+语境题。前一句“having a boss who wants you to enjoy your job”（有一个希望你享受工作的老板），结合“工作”，此处指“在事业上取得进步”。 选项辨析：A. dream（梦想）、C. study（学习）、D. habit（习惯），均与“老板、工作”无关；B. career（事业），贴合“工作中取得进步”的逻辑，故选B。 5. 答案：A（trapped） 解析：形容词辨析+语境题。句意“但我们很多人在和那些似乎陷入多变情绪中的成年人打交道时会遇到困难”，“trapped in”是固定搭配，意为“陷入……中”，贴合“情绪多变、难以相处”的语境。 选项辨析：B. surprised（惊讶的）、C. bored（无聊的）、D. frightened（害怕的），均不能与“moods（情绪）”搭配表示“情绪多变”；A. trapped（陷入困境的），trapped in moods 指“陷入情绪中无法自控”，故选A。 6. 答案：C（instead of） 解析：介词短语辨析+逻辑题。前一句说“理想中会有体贴的人引导我们”，此处转折“但现实中，身边的成年人可能不成熟”，即“不成熟的成年人”取代了“值得信任的成年人”，表对比替换。 选项辨析：A. in front of（在……前面）、B. as well as（除……之外还有）、D. along with（和……一起），均无“替换”含义；C. instead of（代替、而不是），表对比，贴合“不成熟成年人取代值得信任的成年人”的逻辑，故选C。 7. 答案：C（thinking） 解析：动词辨析+语境题。句意“此外，如果我们总是认为自己一直是对的，而别人是错的，那么我们就和那些不成熟的成年人一样”，结合“自己对、别人错”，这是一种“想法、看法”。 选项辨析：A. reporting（报道）、B. guessing（猜测）、D. discussing（讨论），均与“自己对别人错”的语境不符；C. thinking（认为、思考），thinking that 引导宾语从句，表“认为……”，贴合语境，故选C。 8. 答案：A（problem） 解析：名词辨析+主旨题。前一句说“总是认为自己对、别人错，就会像不成熟的成年人”，由此推断，“我们自身的性格可能就是问题所在”，贴合“不成熟的问题”这一核心。 选项辨析：B. project（项目）、C. purpose（目的）、D. power（力量），均与“自身性格、不成熟”无关；A. problem（问题），贴合“性格上的问题导致不成熟”，故选A。 9. 答案：D（situation） 解析：名词辨析+语境题。前一句“A mature adult is someone who makes problems better, not worse.”（成熟的成年人会让问题变好，而不是变糟），此处承接“当这类人面对糟糕的情况时，他们会努力保持冷静、掌控局面”，“面对糟糕的情况”是固定搭配。 选项辨析：A. production（生产）、B. suggestion（建议）、C. instruction（指示），均不能与“face（面对）”搭配表示“面对困境”；D. situation（情况、局面），face a bad situation 指“面对糟糕的情况”，贴合语境，故选D。 10. 答案：C（until） 解析：连词辨析+逻辑题。句意“他们不断练习解决问题，直到成为成熟成年人中的一员”，表“持续练习，直到达到某个目标”，即“直到成为成熟的人”。 选项辨析：A. unless（除非）、B. as（当……时、因为）、D. when（当……时），均无“直到”含义；C. until（直到……为止），表动作持续到某个时间/状态，贴合“练习解决问题直到成熟”的逻辑，故选C。 思维拓展 三、书面表达 图中女子Nancy是个“手机控”，昨天她在街上因为使用手机发生了交通事故。请根据图片提示，写一篇90词左右的短文，简要描述这件事情，并谈谈自己的看法。 注意：1. 短文已给出的部分不计入总词数； 2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯、通顺； 3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 解析： 【写作话题】手机控 【常用短语及句型】 be crazy about, only... when..., take a photo of herself, at once, in no time, ...still...when... 【写作范文】 Nancy is crazy about using a mobile phone. She uses it at table, in bed, even at work. Yesterday when Nancy was walking on the street, she took out her mobile phone and wanted to take a photo of herself. She hoped to look best so she moved to the middle of the road. Soon a car drove by. The driver saw Nancy and tried to stop the car, but it was too late. Nancy was hit and she fell over. The drive called 120 at once and an ambulance came in no time. Luckily Nancy wasn't badly hurt. She still kept on taking photos of herself when she was lying on the stretcher! Mobile phones have become a part of our lives. Only when we use mobiles properly can we enjoy the convenience and pleasure. Otherwise we may get hurt, just like Nancy. 温故知新·查漏补缺·弯道超车·体悟方法·提升能力·全面突破·赢在寒假！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $