基础动词用法 谓语动词分类系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 语法精讲 【专题】谓语动词分类系统讲解 高中外研版·基础动词用法 考频分析 高中外研版中，基础动词用法是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的20%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心 题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子 完整性与准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，动词的时态、语态及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·谓语动词分类及功能：行为动词（及物与不及物）、系动词、情态动词、助动词的特征辨析及在句 中作谓语的核心功能 ·时态与语态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过 去完成时、将来完成时的时态结构、时间标志词及语境应用，主动语态与被动语态在不同时态下的 转换规则 ·主谓一致：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致原则在各类句式（含从句、倒装句）中的具体应用 知识点一：动词的分类及基础用法 1.系动词（无实义，后接表语） 1.常见类型： ·be动词(am/is/are/was/were) ·感官动词(look/sound/taste/smell/feel) 。变化类动词(become/get/hurm/grow) 2.例句： ·The cake tastes sweet..(感官系动词，后接形容词作表语) 。He became a doctor last year.(变化类系动词，后接名词作表语) 2.实义动词（有具体含义，可独立作谓语） 高中外研版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 1.及物动词（后接宾语)： ·eat(吃)、visit(参观) 。例句：She visited her grandparents yesterday.. 2.不及物动词（不接宾语，或需加介词后接宾语）： ●un(跑)、listen(听) ●例句：Ie runs fast../She listens to music every evening. 3.情态动词（表语气，后接动词原形） 1.常见情态动词： ·can/could(能力/许可) 。may/might（许可/推测) ●must/have to(必须) ●should(建议) 2.例句： 。You can borrow this book from the library.(表能力) ●He must finish his homework before9p.n.(表必须) 4.助动词（无实义，辅助构成时态/语态/疑问句) 1.常见助动词： ·do/does/did(辅助实义动词构成疑问句/否定句) ·be(辅助构成进行时/被动语态) 。have/has(辅助构成完成时) 2.例句： ·Do you like English?(do辅助构成一般现在时疑问句) ·They have finished their homework.(have辅助构成现在完成时) 知识点二：谓语动词分类与基本用法 1.实义动词（有具体动作或状态意义的动词） 1.及物动词（需接宾语，宾语可以是人、物或从句）： ·结构：主语+及物动词+宾语 高中外研版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 。例句： 1.She eats an apple every morning.(eat后接宾语an apple) 2.They visited their grandparents last week.(visit后接宾语their grandparents) 2.不及物动词（无需接宾语，本身意义完整)： ·结构：主语+不及物动词（可接状语修饰动作） 。例句： l.The sun rises in the east.(ise后无宾语，in the east是地点状语) 2.Birds fly high in the sky.(fy后无宾语，high和in the sky是状语) 2.系动词（连接主语和表语，说明主语的性质、状态或特征） 1.常见系动词： 。be(是)、look(看起来)、sond(听起来)、taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、feel(感觉)、 become(变得)、get(变得) 2.结构：主语+系动词+表语（名词、形容词、介词短语等) 3.例句： ●He is a student..(be动词+名词表语a student) ●The flowers look beautiful.(look+形容词表语beautiful) ·The music sounds great.(sound+形容词表语great) ●She became a doctor in2020.(become+名词表语a doctor) 3.助动词（协助主要动词构成时态、语态、否定或疑问，无实际意义） 1.常见助动词： be (am/is/are/was/were) ·do/does/did ●have/has/had 。will/would ●shall/should 2.用法分类： ●构成时态：He is reading a book.(is协助构成现在进行时) ●构成被动语态：The letter was written by her.(was协助构成一般过去时被动语态) 。构成否定句：Idon't like coffee.(don't协助构成一般现在时否定句) 。构成疑问句：Does she live here?(Does协助构成一般现在时疑问句) 3 高中外研版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 3.例句： ●They have finished the work.(have协助构成现在完成时) 。We will go to Beijing tomorrow.(will协助构成一般将来时) ·Did you see him yesterday?(Did协助构成一般过去时疑问句) 4.情态动词（表示能力、许可、可能、必须等情感或态度，后接动词原形） 1.常见情态动词： ●can/could(能/会) ·may/might(可以/可能) ●nust(必须) ●should(应该) ·need(需要) 。will/would(将要/愿意) 2.结构：主语+情态动词+动词原形 3.例句： ·She can speak English well.(can表示能力，后接动词原形speak) 。You must finish your homework on time.(must表示必须，后接动词原形finish) ·May I borrow your pen?(may表示许可，后接动词原形boIrow) ·They should study hard.(should表示建议，后接动词原形study) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo(不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ◆forget to do(忘记去做)→例句：Don't forget to turn off the lights when you leave. 。remember to do(记得去做)→例句：Remember to buy some milk on your way home. ·choose to do(选择做)→例句：She chooses to study math in college. 。seem to do(似乎做)→例句：He seems to know the answer to the question. 。offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：They offer to help the old man. 。plan to do(计划做)→例句：We plan to visit the museum next Sunday. ·prepare to do(准备做)→例句：She prepares to take the exam next week 。promise to do(承诺做)→例句：He promises to come on time. 4 高中外研版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 ·refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：The boy refuses to eat vegetables. 。want to do(想要做)→例句：I want to buy a new bike. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： 。ask sb.todo（要求某人做)→例句：The teacher asks us to finish the task by Friday. 。tellsb.todo(告诉某人做)→例句：My father tells me not to swim in the river. 。teach sb.todo(教某人做)→例句：She teaches me to play the guitar: 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： 。consider doing(考虑做)→例句：They consider moving to a new city. 。delay doing(推迟做)→例句：He delays finishing the project, 。deny doing(否认做)→例句：She denies stealing the money. ◆discuss doing(讨论做)→例句：We discuss going on a picnic 。imagine doing(想象做)→例句：Can you imagine flying in the sky? 。keep on doing(继续做)→例句：He keeps on working despite the rain, 。mention doing(提及做)→例句：She mentions visiting her aunt ·miss doing(错过做)一例句：I miss seeing the movie last night. ●postpone doing(推迟做)→例句：They postpone holding the meeting 。risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risks climbing the high mountain. 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考)： ·be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner. 。feel like doing（想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream now. ·give up doing(放弃做)→例句：She gives up learning to dance. 3.done（过去分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。get done(被做)→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday. ●have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month. ·keep sth.done(使某事保持被做的状态)→例句：Please keep the door closed.. 。see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：He saw the letter posted. ●want sth.done(想要某事被做)→例句：I want the work finished by Friday. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： 5 高中外研版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 ·be+done(被动语态)→例句：The book is written by him. ·get+done(被做)→例句：The window got broken. 。have sth.done(让别人做某事)→例句：She has her car washed every week. 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作宾语辨析 核心：根据动词后的固定搭配，判断接不定式(todo)还是动名词(doing)作宾语 真题1（语法填空)： She enjoys_(read)novels in her free time. 答案：reading 解析：由知识点二可知，enjoy后接动名词作宾语，read的动名词形式为reading。 真题2（完形填空）： He decided(join)the English club to improve his speaking skills. A.join B.joining C.to join D.joined 答案：C 解析：由知识点二可知，decide后接不定式作宾语，即decide to do sth.,故选to join。 考法二：非谓语动词与谓语动词的混合填空 核心：根据句子结构及语境，区分谓语动词与非谓语动词，结合时态、语态及非谓语功能选择正确 形式 真题1（语法填空)： The teacher asked us_(finish)the task before class,but some students_(not hand)it in yet. 答案：to finish;have not handed 解析：第一空，ask后接不定式作宾补，用to finish:第二空，but连接并列句，设空处作谓语，由 yet可知用现在完成时，主语students为复数，否定形式为have not handed.。 真题2（完形填空)： -(learn)a foreign language well,we need-(practice)it every day.My brother(stick)to this rule and now he speaks English fluently. A.Learning:to practice:sticks B.To learn;practicing:stuck C.To learn:to practice;sticks D.Learn;practicing;has stuck 答案：C 6 高中外研版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 解析：第一空，用不定式To learn作目的状语：第二空，need后接不定式to practice作宾语(need为 实义动词)：第三空，由now及后句谓语speaks可知用一般现在时，主语brother为三单，用sticks 考法三：谓语动词与非谓语动词的综合辨析及运用 核心：区分谓语动词（受时态、人称影响，作谓语）与非谓语动词（不受主语影响，作主语、宾语、 定语等)，掌握非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的基本用法 真题1（单项选择）： -English is important for us.We should spend more time on it. A.Learn B.Learning C.Learned D.To learning 答案：B 解析：空格处需填入主语，非谓语动词中的动名词可作主语，leam的动名词形式为learning。A项 为动词原形，不能直接作主语；C项为过去分词，通常表被动或完成，不符合语境；D项to后应接 动词原形构成不定式，形式错误。 真题2（语法填空）： My brother likes(play)basketball after school.It makes him strong. 答案：playing 解析：1ike后接动名词作宾语，play的动名词形式为playing。此处表示习惯性动作，用playing符 合“1 like doing sth.”的固定搭配。 解题小妙招 非谓语动词妙招 非谓作宾看搭配，to do doing记心怀： enjoy doing是习惯，decide to do记明白： 目的状语todo来，practice doing莫忘怀； 主动关系用现分，后置定语常见它： 谓语非谓要分清，时态标志先看清： 一般现在动词三单，现在完成have/has添： 目的用tod0,作宾看固定，分词表主动，时态要呼应。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.She suggesteda picnic in the park this weekend. A.have B.to have C.having D.had 7 高中外研版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 2.-English grammar is necessary for improving writing skills. A.Learn B.Learning C.Learned D.To learning 3.My parents always tell me-too much time playing video games. A.not to spend B.not spending C.don't spend D.not spend 4.The novel_by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 5.He hurried to the station,only_that the train had left. A.finding B.to find C.find D.found 6.We must avoidthe same mistake in the next exam. A.make B.to make C.making D.made 7.the project on time,the team worked day and night. A.Finish B.Finishing C.To finish D.Finished 8.The little boy was seen-into the river yesterday. A.fall B.to fall C.falling D.fallen 9.I have no difficulty this problem. A.solve B.solving C.to solve D.solved 10.She_her homework when her mother came back. A.doing B.did C.was doing D.has done 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He wants_(buy)a new bike for his birthday. 2.-(swim)in the lake is dangerous. 3.The girl_(read)a book over there is my best friend. 8 高中外研版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 4.They decided(not go)to the party because of the rain. 5.My brother practices_(play)the piano every evening. 6.We need(finish)the work before Friday. 7.-(learn)a second language is good for brain development. 8.The workers refused_(work)overtime without extra pay. 9.I enjoy_(listen)to music while studying. 10.He got up late,_(miss)the first bus. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) 文章主题：英语学习方法 English learning is a long journey that requires patience and practice.Here are some useful tips: First,-(read)aloud every morning helps improve pronunciation.Many students find it helpful-(repeat) after native speakers.Second,don't be afraid of(make)mistakes.Mistakes are part of the learning process.Third,try-(watch)English movies or TV shows.They can make learning more enjoyable and help you get used to_(hear)natural conversations. It's also important_(set)clear goals.For example,you might plan_(memorize)10 new words each day.Remember,consistency is key-even 15 minutes of daily practice is better than-(study)for hours once a week.Finally,don't forget_(review)what you've learned regularly.This will help you avoid _(forget)the knowledge you've gained.With these methods,you'll see progress soon! 参考答案 演练-：1.C2.B3.A4.C5.B6.C7.C8B9.B10.C 1.to buy 2.Swimming 3.reading 4.not to go 5.playing 6.to finish 7Learning 8.to work 9.listening 10.missing 1reading 2.to repeat 3.making 4.to watch 5.hearing 6.to set 7.to memorize 8.studying 9.to review 10.forgetting 9