基础词法 介词与连词系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（人教版）

高中人教版 基础词法知识点全解 语法精讲 介词与连词系统讲解 人教版高中语法全解 考频分析 人教版高中基础词法中，介词与连词是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所 有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-2题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响 句子逻辑性与连贯性。在语境理解类题目中，介词的搭配及连词的逻辑关系辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。介词分类应用：时间介词(in/on/at)、地点介词(in/on/at)、方式介词(by/with/through)的辨析与 固定搭配 ·连词功能辨析：并列连词(and/but/or)、从属连词(if/because/although)、关系连词(which/that/who) 的句法作用与逻辑关系判断 ·介词与连词的综合运用：介词短语作定语/状语的句法功能，连词引导状语从句（时间/条件/原因） 与定语从句的语境匹配 知识点一：介词与连词的分类及基础用法 1.介词（表示词与词之间的关系，后接名词/代词/动名词） 1.常见类型 。时间介词(at/in/on) 。地点介词(in/on/under) 。方式介词(by/with/through) ·关系介词(of/about/for) 2.例句： 。We will meet at3p.m.（时间介词，接具体时刻) 。The book is on the desk.(地点介词，接具体位置) 高中人教版 基础词法知识点全解 2.连词（连接词/短语/句子，分为并列连词和从属连词) 1.并列连词（连接并列成分）： 。and(和)、but(但是)、or(或者)、so（所以) ·例句：She likes singing and dancing./I tried hard,but I failed. 2.从属连词（引导从句)： 。when（当…时)、because(因为)、if(如果)、hat(引导宾语从句) 。例句：I was reading when he came in./He did't go to school because he was ill. 知识点二：介词与连词的分类及用法 1.常用介词（表示时间、地点、方式等关系） 1.时间介词： ·at（具体时刻)：at7:00am.(在早上7点)、at noon(在中午) 。in(年/月/季节/泛指上午/下午/晚上)：in2023(在2023年)、入in March(在三月)、in summer(在 夏天)、in the morning(在早上) 。on(具体日期/星期/节日)：on June lst(在6月1日)、on Monday(在周一)、on Teachers'Day (在教师节) ·for（持续时间段)：for two hours(持续两小时) ●since(从过去时间点开始)：since2010(自从2010年起) 2.地点介词： ·in(大地点/容器内)：in China（在中国)、in the box(在盒子里) ·on(表面接触)：on the desk(在桌子上)、on the street(在街上) ·at（小地点/具体位置)：at the station(在车站)、at home(在家) 。under(正下方)：under the chair(在椅子下面) 。behind(在后面)：behind the door(在门后面) ·between(两者之间)：between the two trees(在两棵树之间) 。among(三者及以上之间)：among the students（在学生们中间) 3.方式介词： ·by(交通工具/方式)：by bus(乘公交车)、by reading(通过阅读) ·with(用工具/伴随)：write with a pen(用钢笔写)、play with friends(和朋友一起玩) ·in(用语言/材料)：in English(用英语)、in red(穿红色衣服) 高中人教版 基础词法 知识点全解 2.常用连词（连接词、短语或句子） 1.并列连词（连接并列关系的成分）： 。and(和，表并列/顺承)：I like apples and bananas.(我喜欢苹果和香蕉。) ·but(但是，表转折)：She is young but clever.(她很年轻但很聪明。) ·or(或者，表选择；否则，表条件)：Would you like tea or coffee'?(你想要茶还是咖啡？)/HuIy p,or you'll be late.(快点，否则你会迟到。) 。so(所以，表结果)：He studied hard,so he passed the exam.（他努力学习，所以通过了考试。) 2.从属连词（引导从句）： ·because(因为，引导原因状语从句)：I didn't go out because it rained..(因为下雨，我没出去。) ·if(如果，引导条件状语从句)：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨，我们 就待在家里。) ●when(当…时，引导时间状语从句)：I was reading when he came in.(他进来时我正在看书。) ·that(引导宾语从句，无意义可省略)：I think(hat)he isright.(我认为他是对的。) ·though/although(虽然，引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用)：Though it was cold,he still went out.(虽然天气冷，他还是出去了。) 3.关联连词（成对使用)： 。both...and.(两者都)：Both Tom and Mary like music.(汤姆和玛丽都喜欢音乐。) 。either.or.（要么…要么…)：Either you or he is wrong.(要么你错了，要么他错了。) 。neither.nor.(既不…也不…)：Neither I nor she has been there.(我和她都没去过那里。) 。not only..but also..(不仅…而且…)：He not only reads books but also writes stories.(他不仅 读书，还写故事。) 知识点三：介词与连词系统讲解 1.常用介词（基础必背） l.imn(在…里/后)→例句：There is a book in the bag./We will meet in two days. 2.on(在…上/具体某天)→例句：The cup is on the table./She was born on July 1st. 3.at(在…地点/时间点)→例句：He arrives at school at7:30a.m. 4.with(和.一起/用…工具)→例句：I go to park with my friend./Cut the apple with a knife 5.for（为了/持续…时间)→例句：This gift is for you./She waited for two hours. 6.fom(从…/来自…)→例句：He comes from Beijing./We study from Monday to Friday. 7.to(到…/向…)→例句：I go to school by bus../Please listen to me carefully. 3 高中人教版 基础词法 知识点全解 8.about(关于…)→例句：They are talking about the movie. 9.by(通过…方式/被…)→例句：I learn English by reading./The book was written by Lu Xun. l0.between(在…之间)→例句：There is a river between the two villages. 2.常用连词（基础必背) 1.and(和/并且)→例句：I like apples and bananas./She is tall and thin. 2.but(但是)→例句：He is young but clever./I tried hard but failed. 3.or(或者/否则)一例句：Do you like tea or coffee?/Hurry up,or you will be late 4.so(所以)→例句：It is raining,so we stay at home../He studied hard,so he passed the exam. 5.because(因为)一例句：Ican't go out because I am ill./She was sad because she lost her bag. 6.if(如果/是否)→例句：If it rains,.we won'tgo./Idon't know if he will come. 7.when(当…时)→例句：I was reading when he came in./When do you usually get up? 8.though/,although（虽然)一→例句：Though he is poor,he is happy../Although it's hard,I will try. 9.until(直到…)→例句：I waited until he came back./She didn't sleep until midnight,. l0.so.that.(如此…以至于…)→例句：He is so tiredthat he can't walk./The book is so interesting that I read it twice 3.介词与连词混合易错点（中考高频） l.arrive in+大地点/arrive at+小地点→例句：She arrived in Beijing yesterday./They arrived at the station at 3 p.m. 2.listen to(听)/hear(听见)→例句：Listen to the teacher carefully../I hear someone singing. 3.look at(看)/see(看见)→例句：Look at the blackboard./I see a bird in the tree. 4.different from(与…不同)→例句：My book is different from yours. 5.be good for(对…有益)/be good to(对…友好)→例句：Vegetables are good for health./She is good to her students. 6.in front of(在…外部前面)/in the front of(在…内部前面)一→例句：There is a tree in front of the house./He sits in the front of the classroom. 7.between..and.(在…和…之间)/among(在…之中，三者及以上)→例句：I sit between Tom and Mary./He is popular among his classmates. 8.spend..on sth.spend...(in)doing sth.:I spend 10 yuan on the book.She spends an hour (in) reading every day. 9.thanks to(幸亏)/thanks for(因…感谢)→例句：Thanks to your help,I succeeded./Thanks for your gift. 4 高中人教版 基础词法 知识点全解 解题小妙招 时间介词看名词，年季月前用in:具体日期要用on,时刻前面搭配at。 形似介连看功能，介词后接名代短，连词连接句与句：though/although表让步，不与but一起用。 复杂语境先辨类，介词名短连，连词引从句：despite接短语，though跟句子；because表原因，so 不与连用。 固定搭配要牢记，secret to success,lie in努力：by表手段through媒介，综合运用需仔细。 考法精析 考法一：介词in/on/at的时间用法辨析 核心：根据时间名词（年/月/日/时刻等）的类型，选择正确的时间介词in/on/at 真题1（语法填空）： We usually have a school trip-spring 答案：in 解析：由时间名词“spring（春天)”可知，季节前用介词in。 真题2（完形填空）： My birthday is_July 10th.What about yours? A.in B.on C.at D.for 答案：B 解析：由时间名词“July10th(7月10日)”可知，具体日期前用介词on。 考法二：介词与连词的易混点综合辨析 核心：结合语境区分形似介词与连词的用法差异，判断并列句与复合句中连接词的正确使用 真题1（语法填空)： -she is young,she has rich experience in teaching 答案：A1 though 解析：根据句意”虽然她年轻，但教学经验丰富”，此处需用让步连词Although表转折：注意不可 与but连用，且句首首字母大写。 真题2（完形填空）： We can communicate with friends-email or-making phone calls. A.by,through B.with;by C.through;with D.by,with 答案：A 解析：第一空通过邮件”是方式介词by+手段(by email):第二空'通过打电话'是方式介词hrough+ 媒介(through making phone calls),符合知识点二中by/through的用法区分。 考法三：介词与连词的综合辨析与应用 5 高中人教版 基础词法 知识点全解 核心：结合语境区分易混介词（如except/besides,.across/through)和连词（如though/.but,if/as long as)的用法，掌握固定搭配及从句引导词选择。 真题1（单项选择)： We all went to the park yesterday-Tom.He was ill at home. A.except B.besides C.between D.among 答案：A 解析：句意为“除了汤姆，我们昨天都去公园了。他生病在家。”except表排除“Tom”,符合语境： besides表包含，意为“除了…还有”，不符合句意；between和among为地点介词，不符合此处 逻辑。 真题2（语法填空)： She didn't go to school_she had a bad cold.You should take an umbrella_it rains. 答案：because;in case 解析：第一空后“她感冒了”是“没上学”的原因，用从属连词because引导原因状语从句；第二 空表示“以防下雨”，用in case引导条件状语从句，符合语境“带伞的目的是防备下雨”。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.We usually have dinner_7:00 p.m.every day. A in B on C at D for 2.My sister is goodplaying the piano and often wins prizes. A at B in C on D for 3.-it was raining heavily,they still went hiking. A Because B Though C So D If 4.You can improve your English-reading English novels every day. A by B with C through D in 5.He didn't go to school yesterday-he was seriously ill. A so B but C because D or 6.Taiwan is_the southeast of China. A in B on Cto D at 7.I like both swimming-running. A or B but C and D so 8.I was walking home,I met an old friend of mine. A When B While C As D Since 9.The accident resultedhis carelessness. A in B from C of D on 6 高中人教版 基础词法 知识点全解 10.Everyone passed the exam_Tom.He was too lazy. A besides B except C between D among 演练二：填空试题 1.We will have a party_New Year's Eve. 2.Please write the lettera black pen. 3.She is interested_learning Chinese history. 4.-he is young,he knows a lot about computers. 5.We can communicate with each other-the Internet. 6.The key_success is hard work and persistence 7.I was reading a book_my mother came back. 8.He got up earlythat he could catch the first bus. 9.They go to work_bike every morning. 10.-the help of my teacher,I have made great progress in English 演练三：语法填空试题 It was a sunny morning.My friends and I planned to go hiking-the mountains.We set out_8:00 a.m. -our bikes.On the way,we saw many beautiful flowers and birds singing-the trees.When we arrived at the foot of the mountain,we started climbing.it was a bit tiring,we all enjoyed the fresh air and beautiful views.Some of us took photos-our phones,while others were talking and laughing.We had lunch at a small restaurant-the top of the mountain.The food there was simple-delicious.After lunch,we played games and shared stories.We started to go back home_4:00 p.m.Although we were tired,we felt very happy.This trip was unforgettable-it helped us relax and strengthen our friendship 答案区 演练-：1.C2.A3B4.C5.C6.A7.C8B9.B10B 演练二：1.on2.with3.in4.Although/Though5.through6.to7.when8.so9.by10.With 演练三：1.in2.at3.by4.in5.Although/Though6.with7.on8.but9.at10.because 7