核心时态与语态 完成时态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（人教版）

高中人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 知识点全解 高中语法 【专题】完成时态系统讲解 高中语法专项突破 考频分析 人教版高中核心时态与语态中，完成时态是重点语法模块，考频占时态系统的30%左右，贯穿试 卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接 影响句子时态准确性与逻辑连贯性。在语境理解类题目中，完成时态的时间标志词、动作先后关系 及语态结合往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。现在完成时：have/has+过去分词'的基本结构，与”for+时间段”since+时间点”的搭配，以及表 示”过去动作对现在影响？或”动作持续至今”的语境辨析 。过去完成时：had+过去分词”的构成，在含有by叶过去时间”或before+t过去动作”的复合句中的 时态呼应，以及表示”过去某动作之前已完成”的逻辑判断 ·现在完成进行时：”have/has been+-现在分词”的形式，与现在完成时的区别（强调动作持续性与未 完成性)，以及在”recently/lately'等时间状语下的应用选择 知识点一：完成时态的构成及用法 1.现在完成时（表示过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态） 。基本结构：have/has+过去分词（主语为第三人称单数用has,其余用have) 。例句： l.I have finished my homework.（过去动作对现在的影响：作业已完成) 2.She has lived here for 10 years.(动作持续到现在：从过去开始住在这里，一直到现在) 2.过去完成时（表示过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，强调”过去的过去”） 。基本结构：had+过去分词（无人称和数的变化） 。例句： l.When I arrived,the party had already started.(”到达”是过去的动作，”派对开始”在此之前， 即过去的过去) 高中人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】知识点全解 2.He told me he had seen the movie before.(?告诉，是过去的动作，”看电影'在”告诉”之前完 成) 3.现在完成进行时（表示从过去持续到现在且仍在进行的动作） 。基本结构：have/has+been+现在分词 ·例句： l.They have been waiting for you for an hour.(从过去开始等，一直持续到现在，可能还会继续 等) 2.She has been studying English since she was5.(从5岁开始学英语，持续到现在) 4.完成时态的时间标志词 。现在完成时常见标志：already（已经，肯定句)、yet(已经/还，疑问句/否定句)、ever(曾经)、 never(从不)、since（自从，后接时间点)、for(持续，后接时间段)、so far（到目前为止) 。例句： 1.Have you ever been to Beijing? 2.We haven't finished yet. 3.He has worked here since 2018. 。过去完成时常见标志：by the time（到..时候为止)、before（在..之前)、when(当.时候， 主句用过去完成时) ●例句：By the end of last month,we had sold 1000 books. 知识点二：完成时态系统讲解 1.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在) 1.时间标志词 already（已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years)、since+时间点 (如since2020)、so far(到目前为止) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用have) 例句： l.I have finished my homework already..(第一人称，用have+finished) 2.He has lived here for5 years.(三单主语，用has+lived) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词(have/has been体现”现在完成时'，过去分词体现”被 动”) 例句： 2 高中人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】知识点全解 l.My homework has been finished by me already.(主语不可数，用has been+-finished的过去分词 finished) 2.This house has been lived in by him for5 years.(主语单数，用has been-+-lived的过去分词lived; live是不及物动词，需加in) 2.过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，”过去的过去”） 1.时间标志词 by+过去时间点（如by2019、by last Friday)、before+过去时句子（如before he left)、when+一 般过去时句子（如When I arrived) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（无单复数变化，统一用had) 例句： 1.He had finished his work by 5 p.m.yesterday.(had+finished) 2.They had left before I arrived.(had+left;arrived是一般过去时，”离开在”到达”之前) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词(had been体现”过去完成时”，过去分词体现”被动”) 例句： l.His work had been finished by him by5p.m.yesterday.(had been+finished的过去分词finished) 2.The room had been cleaned by them before I arrived.(had been+cleaned的过去分词cleaned) 知识点三：现在完成时 1.基本结构 。肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词 →例句：I have finished my homework.(我已经完成作业了。) ·否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词 →例句：She hasn't visited Beijing yet.(她还没去过北京。) 。一般疑问句：ave/Has+主语+过去分词？ →例句：Has he read this book?(他读过这本书吗？) 2.时间标志词（中考必背) l.already(已经，用于肯定句)→例句：We have already eaten dinner. 2.yet(还，用于否定句/疑问句)→例句：Have you finished your report yet? 3.ever(曾经，用于疑问句)→例句：Have you ever been to Shanghai? 3 高中人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 知识点全解 4.never(从不，用于否定句)→例句：I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.. 5.just(刚刚)→例句：He has just left the office. 6.for+时间段（持续多久）→例句：They have lived here for five years. 7.since+时间点（自从.）→例句：She has studied English since20l8. 3.核心用法（中考核心) 1.表示过去发生的动作持续到现在 →例句：My parents have worked in this factory for 10 years.(我父母在这家工厂工作l0年了。) 2.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响 →例句：I have lost my keys.Ican't open the door.(我弄丢了钥匙，现在打不开门。) 3.表示动作从过去到现在重复发生 一→例句：He has called me three times this morning.（今天早上他给我打了三次电话。) 4.易错点辨析（中考易错) ·have been to(去过某地，已返回)s have gone to(去了某地，未返回) →例句l:I have been to Paris twice.(我去过巴黎两次。) →例句2：She has gone to Paris.She will be back next week.（她去巴黎了，下周▣来。) 。for+时间段vs since+时间点 →例句l:We have waited for two hours.(我们等了两小时。) →例句2：We have waited since8o'clock.(我们从8点等到现在。) 考法精析 考法一：情态动词表推测 核心：根据语境判断对现在或过去情况的推测，选择恰当的情态动词 真题1（语法填空）： The ground is all wet.Itrained heavily last night. 答案：must have 解析：由”地面全湿的语境可知，对过去”下大雨”进行肯定推测，用'must have done'”结构，故 填must have 真题2（单项选择)： -Is that Lucy at the door? -No,itbe her.She has gone to Beijing. A.mustn't B.can't C.may not D.needn't 高中人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 知识点全解 答案：B 解析：根据'她去北京了”可知，对现在情况进行否定推测，”不可能是她”用can't,故选B。 考法二：时态与被动语态结合 核心：根据动作的时间和主被动关系，综合判断时态和语态，填写正确形式 真题1（语法填空）： A new hospital(build)in our city since last year.It will be put into use next month. 答案：has been built 解析：由时间标志词”since last year”可知用现在完成时：主语hospital”与build'是被动关系，现 在完成时被动语态结构为has been+-过去分词'，build的过去分词为built。 真题2（单项选择)： By the time the firemen arrived,the big fire-by the local people A.has been put out B.had been put out C.was put out D.put out 答案：B 解析：由By the time+一般过去时句子”可知主句用过去完成时：fire”与'put out'"是被动关系，过 去完成时被动语态结构为had been+-过去分词”，put的过去分词为put。 考法三：完成时态与情态动词结合 核心：根据语境判断对过去动作的推测或虚拟语气，使用'情态动词+have done''结构 真题1（语法填空)： The ground is all wet.It_(rain)heavily last night. 答案：must have rained 解析：由”ground is all wet'可知是对过去情况的肯定推测，用”must have done'”结构，rain的过去分 词为rained。 真题2（单项选择)： -Why didn't you answer my call? -I'm sorry.I_asleep. A.should have fallen B.must have fallen C.need have fallen D.can have fallen 答案：B 解析：根据语境”没接电话推测，一定是睡着了”，对过去肯定推测用'must have done”,fal的过去 分词为fallen。 考法四：情态动词与被动语态结合 高中人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 知识点全解 核心：根据语境判断情态动词的含义及主被动关系，使用”情态动词+b+过去分词”结构 真题1（语法填空)： This task_(finish)before Friday.We have no time to waste. 答案：must be finished 解析：由We have no time to waste'”可知表”必须”，用must;”tas”与”finish'”是被动关系，结构 为”must be+过去分词'，finish的过去分词为finished。. 真题2（单项选择)： Students-not_to bring mobile phones into the exam room A.may;be allowed B.can;allow C.must;be allowed D.should;allow 答案：C 解析：”students'”与”allow”是被动关系，排除B、D;根据语境？考试不准带手机”表禁止，用'must not be allowed',may not表”可能不”不符合题意。 考法五：完成时态与情态动词表推测的综合应用 核心：结合完成时态（现在完成时过去完成时）的时间标志词及结构，运用情态动词表推测的逻 辑(must have done/can't have done等)判断语境中的动作可能性及时间关系 真题1（单项选择）： She_the movie before,because she can tell the ending now. A.must see B.must have seen C.can see D.can have seen 答案：B 解析：由before”及”can tell the ending now”可知，动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，需用完成时 态：情态动词表肯定推测”一定看过”用'must have+过去分词”，see的过去分词为seen。 真题2（语法填空）： The door was locked when I arrived.They-(leave)already. 答案：must have left 解析：由”arrived,(过去动作)及”already”可知，”离开发生在”到达”之前（过去的过去)，需用 完成时态：结合”门是锁着的”语境，表肯定推测”一定已经离开”用”must have+过去分词'，leave 的过去分词为lef。 解题小妙招 情态动词妙招 情态动词表推测，现在过去要分清： 现在推测用情态+动原”，must一定can可能： 6 高中人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】知识点全解 过去推测情态+have done'”,must肯定can否定： 虚拟语气”should have done”,本应做却未做成： 被动结构情态+be done,完成被动have been done'; 结合语境细判断，情态用法不混淆。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.The students the classroom when the teacher arrived A.have cleaned B.had cleaned C.will clean D.are cleaning 2.By the end of next month,we-this project for two years A.will work B.have worked C.will have worked D.are working 3.You _smoke here.It's a non-smoking area A.needn't B.mustn't C.may not D.couldn't 4.The book_into Chinese by many translators since 2010 A.has translated B.was translated C.has been translated D.is translated 5.-Where is Tom? -He be in the library.I saw him there just now A.must B.can C.might D.would 6.She _the exam if she had studied harder A.should pass B.would pass C.must have passed D.could have passed 7.When I got to the station,the train-already A.left B.has left C.had left D.will leave 8.This song-by millions of people around the world A.is singing B.has been sung C.was singing D.sings 9.You_me the news earlier.I was worried about you A.should have told B.must have told C.need have told D.can have told 10.The meeting-at 3 pm tomorrow.Please arrive on time A.holds B.will hold C.will be held D.is held 演练二：填空试题 1.We(live)in this city since 2015 2.By the time she was 10,she_(learn)three foreign languages. 3.The work_(finish)by next Friday. 7 高中人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 知识点全解 4.You_(not park)here.It's against the rules. 5.They_(wait)for over an hour when the bus finally came. 6.This novel_(translate)into 10 languages so far. 7.You(tell)me the truth yesterday.Now it's too late. 8.The children-(play)outside for two hours and they are still playing. 9.By next summer,we_(study)English for 10 years. 10.The room_(clean)by my mother when I got home. 演练三：语法填空试题 Last month,our school organized a charity run to raise money for children in need.By the time the event started,over 500 students_(sign)up for it.The run-(hold)on a sunny morning,and participants_ (encourage)to wear colorful clothes to make the event more lively. During the run,many volunteers-(stand)along the route to offer water and support.A group of teachers even joined in,which(surprise)all the students.By noon,we_(collect)more than 20,000 yuan.The money-(use)to buy books and stationery for kids in rural areas. After the event,the organizer said,"I-(not expect)such a great response.Everyone's effort-(make)a real difference."Now,we are planning another charity event,which(take place)next semester. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3B4.C5.A6.D7.C8B9.A10.C 1.have lived 2.had learned 3.will be finished 4.mustn't park 5.had been waiting 6.has been translated 7.should have told 8have been playing 9.will have studied 10.was being cleaned 1.had signed 2.was held 3.were encouraged 4.stood 5.surprised 6.had collected 7.will be used 8.didn't expect 9.has made 10.will take place