核心时态与语态 被动语态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（人教版）

人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 语法专版 【专题】被动语态系统讲解 高中英语核心语法 考频分析 人教版高中核心时态与语态中，被动语态是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试 卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察，直接 影响句子规范性与表达多样性。在语境理解类题目中，被动语态的时态搭配、主谓一致及语义逻辑 往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基本结构与构成：不同时态下被动语态的构成（一般现在时am/is/are+done、一般过去时was/were+done、 一般将来时will be+-done、现在完成时have/has been+done等) ·主动与被动转换：含不同宾语类型（直接宾语、间接宾语、双宾语、复合宾语）的主动句变被动句 规则 ·语境应用与辨析：主动语态与被动语态的语义区别，被动语态在新闻报道、科技文献等正式语境中 的使用场景，及固定结构（如be worth doing、It is said that.)中的被动表达 知识点一：被动语态的构成及用法 1.基本结构(be+过去分词) 。一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词→例句：English is spoken by many people 。一般过去时：was/were+过去分词→例句：The letter was written yesterday. 。一般将来时：will be+过去分词→例句：The project will be completed next month, ●现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词一例句：The work has been finished. 2.主动语态变被动语态 ·步骤：(1)将主动语态宾语变为主语(2)谓语动词变为b+过去分词”(3)By引出原主语（可省 略) ●例句：主动：He wrote a letter.→被动：A letter was written (by him). 1 人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 3.被动语态的使用场景 ·强调动作承受者：The book was written by Lu Xun. 。动作执行者不明确：My bike was stolen last night.. 。正式文体中避免主观：Smoking is not allowed here. 4.特殊结构的被动语态 。情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词→例句：This task must be finished on time. ●感官动词：be+过去分词+todo→例句：He was seen to enter the room 知识点二：被动语态的特殊用法与考点 1.情态动词的被动语态（表达能力、许可、必要性等) 。结构：情态动词(can/nay/must/.should等)+be+动词过去分词 ·例句： 1.The work can be finished by tomorrow.(can表示“能够”，be+过去分词finished) 2.This rule must be followed by everyone.(must表示“必须”，be+过去分词followed) 3.Your homework should be handed in on time.(should表示“应该”，be+过去分词handed) 2.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态(see/hear/make/let等) ●主动结构：感官动词/使役动词+宾语+动词原形（主动语态不带to) ·被动结构：宾语（被动主语）+be+感官动词/使役动词过去分词+to+动词原形（被动语态还 原to) ●例句： l.主动：We often see him play basketball.→被动：He is often seen to play basketball by us.(see sb.do sth.被动还原to) 2.主动：The teacher made her clean the classroom.→a被动：She was made to clean the classroom by the teacher.(make sb.do sth.被动还原to) 3.被动语态的省略(y短语的省略情况) ·省略条件：动作执行者不明确、不重要或上下文已暗示 ·例句： 1.The bridge was built in2010.（未提及“谁建造”，执行者不重要) 2.English is spoken all over the world.（未提及“谁讲英语”，执行者不明确) 3.This book was written last year.(上下文若已知作者，可省略by短语) 4.主动表被动的特殊情况（无需使用被动语态的场景) 2 人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 ·不及物动词短语(happen/take place/break out等)无被动语态例句：The accident happened yesterday. (happen为不及物动词，无被动) ·系动词(look/sound/taste等)主动形式表被动意义例句：The flowers smell sweet..（smell主动表 “被闻起来”) 。某些动词(sell/write/wash等)与well/easily连用表被动例句：This kind of pen writes smoothly.. (wite主动表“被写起来”) 5.被动语态与时态的综合运用（中考高频考点） 。结构：时态助动词+be+动词过去分词（结合时态特点） ·例句： l.现在完成时被动：The problem has been solved.(has been+solved) 2.过去进行时被动：The song was being sung when I came in..(was being+sung) 3.一般将来时被动：A new hospital will be built here next year.(will be+built) 知识点三：被动语态的构成与用法 1.一般现在时被动语态 ·基础构成（必背结构)： l.am/is/are+过去分词一例句：English is spoken in many countries. 2.肯定句：主语+am/is/are+done→例句：The classroom is cleaned every day. 3.否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+done一→例句：This question isn't answered correctly 4.疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+done→例句：Is the letter written by her? 2.一般过去时被动语态 ·基础构成（必背结构）： l.was/were+过去分词→例句：The bridge was built in20l0. 2.肯定句：主语+was/were+done→例句：The book was bought yesterday 3.否定句：主语+was/were+not+done→例句：The party wasn't held last week. 4.疑问句：Was/Were+主语+done→例句：Were the flowers planted by your mother? 3.情态动词被动语态 ●中考常考搭配（易错点）： 1.can be done(能被…)→例句：This work can be finished in an hour. 2.must be done(必须被…)→例句：Iomework must be handed in on time. 3.should be done(应该被…)→例句：The rules should be followed by everyone 4.may be done(可能被…)→例句：The meeting may be held tomorrow. 3 人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓’，被动必带be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动'am/is/are'”,一过被动was/were”: 进行被动要用being'”,完成被动have/has/had been”: 将来被动will be'”,最后加上一个done。 考法精析 考法一：被动语态基本结构及时态匹配 核心：根据时态的时间标志词或语境，确定正确的被动语态结构(b动词形式+过去分词) 真题1（语法填空)： The meeting_(hold)tomorrow afternoon,so please prepare the materials in advance. 答案：will be held 解析：由时间标志词“tomorrow afternoon”可知，动作发生在将来，用一般将来时被动语态，结构 为“will be+过去分词”，hold的过去分词为held。 真题2（单项选择）： A new hospital in our city now.It will be completed next year. A.is building B.is being built C.was built D.will be built 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词“now”可知，动作正在进行，用现在进行时被动语态，结构为“am/is/are being-+ 过去分词”，主语“a new hospital'”为单数，be动词用is,build的过去分词为built。 考法二：时态与被动语态结合 核心：根据时间标志词或上下文语境，判断动作发生的时间和语态，匹配正确时态的被动结构 真题1（语法填空)： A new library_(build)in our school last year.It is very beautiful now. 答案：was built 解析：由时间标志词“last year'”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时；主语“A new library”是 动作承受者，用被动语态；一般过去时被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为单数，用 was,build的过去分词为built。 真题2（完形填空）： Many trees_(plant)in the park every spring to make our city greener. A.plant B.are planted C.planted D.will be planted 答案：B 4 人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 解析：由时间标志词“every spring”可知，动作是常态，用一般现在时；主语“Many trees'”是动 作承受者，用被动语态：一般现在时被动语态结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语为复数，用are, plant的过去分词为planted。 考法三：情态动词与被动语态的综合运用 核心：结合语境判断情态动词含义，掌握情态动词+b+过去分词的被动结构及否定、疑问形式 真题1（单项选择)： Your homework_before class.You must finish it on time. A.must hand in B.must be handed in C.can hand in D.can be handed in 答案：B 解析：主语“your homework”是动作“hand in”的承受者，需用被动语态；由后句“must finish”可 知，前句强调“必须被提交”，情态动词用must,被动结构为“must be+过去分词”，hand in的过 去分词为handed in。 真题2（语法填空)： This problem_(should solve)immediately.It's very serious. 答案：should be solved 解析：主语“this problem”是动作“solve”的承受者，用被动语态；情态动词should后接“be+过 去分词”，solve的过去分词为solved。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.A lot oftrees_in our neighborhood every spring A.plant B.are planted C.planted D.will be planted 2.The Olympic Games_every four years. A.hold B.are held C.were held D.will be held 3.By the end of last year,this bridge-for ten years A.built B.was built C.has been built D.had been built 5 人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 4.The meeting_at 3 p.m.yesterday,but it was delayed because of the rain. A.holds B.is held C.was being held D.will be held 5.This problemimmediately,or it will get worse. A.must solve B.must be solved C.should solve D.can be solving 6.A new museum_in the city center now.It will open next month A.builds B.is building C.is being built D.was built 7.These books_to the library by next Friday. A.must return B.must be returned C.must have returned D.must be returning 8.When I arrived at the station,the train already. A.left B.was left C.has been left D.had been left 9.This secret-to anyone,or you will be in trouble. A.can tell B.can be told C.must not be told D.must tell 10.The old temple since 1950 and now it is still in good condition A.protects B.is protected C.has been protected D.was protected 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.English(speak)by more than 400 million people around the world. 6 人教版高中语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 2.The letter(write)by my brother yesterday afternoon. 3.Anew school_(build)in our town next year. 4.The room_(clean)when I came back home yesterday 5.This novel_(translate)into ten languages so far. 6.The problem-(must solve)before the meeting starts. 7.By the time we got there,the cake(eat)by the children. 8.The windows_(need repair)because they are broken. 9.These photos_(take)in Paris last summer. 10.Smoking_(not allow)in public places in many countries. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Solar Energy:A Clean Solution Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources today.It-(use)to generate electricity, heat water,and even power cars.The first solar panel(invent)in the 1950s,but it was not widely used until recent years. Now,solar farms _(build)in many countries,especially in sunny areas.In China,for example,a large solar farm(complete)in the Gobi Desert last year.It can provide electricity for over one million homes. By 2030,it is estimated that 30%of the world's electricity_(produce)by solar energy.However,solar panels-(must clean)regularly to work efficiently.If they are covered with dust,their performance_ (reduce)by 20%. Scientists say that solar energy-(become)the cheapest energy source by 2050.It-(not pollute)the environment,so it is called "green energy."More research_(do)now to improve the efficiency of solar technology. 答案区 演练-：1B2.B3D4.C5B6.C7.B8D9.C10.C 1.is spoken 2.was written 3.will be built 4.was being cleaned 5.has been translated 6.must be solved 7.had been eaten 8.need to be repaired 9.were taken 10.is not allowed 1.is used 2.was invented 3.are being built 4.was completed 5.will be produced 6.must be cleaned 7.will be reduced 8.will become 9.does not pollute 10.is being done 7