特殊结构与综合语法 主谓一致系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（人教版）

高中人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】主谓一致系统讲解 特殊结构与综合语法 考频分析 人教版高中特殊结构与综合语法中，主谓一致是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核 心考察，直接影响句子结构正确性与逻辑一致性)。在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的语法规则及 特殊结构的应用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·语法规则辨析：语法一致（如单数名词作主语用单数谓语）、意义一致（如集体名词根据含义用单 复数谓语)、就近一致（如there be句型中谓语与邻近主语一致）的核心规则 ·特殊结构应用：“名词+介词短语”作主语、不定代词(each,everyone等)、并列主语(and/or连接)、 分数/百分数修饰名词时的主谓一致原则 ·语境灵活判断：结合时态（如一般现在时第三人称单数）、倒装句、强调句等特殊句式，以及从句 中主谓一致的匹配 知识点一：主谓一致的基本原则 1.语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式) 1.单数主语（第三人称单数/不可数名词等）→谓语用单数形式（加ss): He plays basketball every day. Water is important for life. 2.复数主语（名词复数/人称代词复数等）→谓语用原形： ●They study hard. ●Ve are students. 2.意义一致原则（主语意义单复数决定谓语形式） 高中人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.集合名词表整体（视为单数)： ·The family is watching TV.(强调家庭整体) 2.集合名词表成员（视为复数）： 。The family are having dinner.(强调家庭成员) 3.形式复数、意义单数的名词： Maths is my favourite subject. ●The news is exciting. 3.就近一致原则（谓语与靠近的主语保持一致） 1.常见结构：either..or.neither.nor.not only.but also.there be. 2.例句： 。Either you or he isright.(靠近的主语he为单数，谓语用is) 。There is a book and two pens on the desk.(靠近的主语a book为单数，谓语用is) 知识点二：主谓一致核心规则与特殊用法 1.语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式） 1.规则说明：主语为单数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式：主语为复数时，谓语动词用原形（时态 变化除外) 2.例句： ·The boy plays football every day.(主语the boy为单数，play用三单形式plays) 。These books belong to me.(主语these books为复数，belong用原形) 2.意义一致原则（主语意义上的单复数决定谓语） 1.规则说明：集合名词表示整体时视为单数，谓语用三单；表示成员时视为复数，谓语用原形 2.例句： ·Our class is a good team.(class指整体“班级”，用is) ·Our class are playing basketball on the playground.(class指“班级成员”，用are playing) 3.就近一致原则（谓语与最近的主语保持一致） 1.规则说明：由”either.or.,neither..nor.,not only..but also.”连接两个主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的 主语单复数一致 2 高中人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.例句： ·Either you or he has the key.(靠近谓语的主语he为单数，用has) ·Neither the students nor the teacher was late.(靠近谓语的teacher为单数，用was) 4.特殊主语的主谓一致 1.不可数名词/抽象名词作主语（视为单数）： ·Water is important for life.(water不可数，用is) 2.复数形式的单数名词（如newS,physics,politics): ·The news is very exciting.(news为不可数名词，用is) 3.th+形容词”表示一类人（视为复数）： ·The old are taken good care of here.(the old指“老人”群体，用are) 4.不定代词作主语(somebody,everyone,.nothing等视为单数)： ·Everyone in the room knows the answer.(everyone视为单数，用knows) 5.数量短语作主语的一致规则 1.”a number of+复数名词”（意为“许多，谓语复数）： ●A number of students are from the south.(are与students复数一致) 2.'the number of+复数名词”（意为“..的数量”，谓语单数)： ●The number of students in our class is50.(is与number单数一致) 3.”分数/百分数+of计名词”（谓语与of后的名词单复数一致）： ●Three fourths of the work has been done.(work不可数，用has) 知识点三：主谓一致特殊情况 1.集体名词作主语 l.强调整体时，谓语动词用单数→例句：The class is going to have a picnic tomorrow. 2.强调个体时，谓语动词用复数→例句：The class are discussing the problem actively. 3.family(家庭/家人)→例句：My family is a big one.(整体)/My family are watching TV.(个体) 4.team(团队/队员)→例句：Our team wins the game.(整体)/Our team are celebrating now.(个体) 2.不定代词作主语 3 高中人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 l.指人不定代词(someone,,anyone,.everyone等)作主语，谓语用单数→例句：Everyone in our class likes English. 2.指物不定代词(something,.anything,everything等)作主语，谓语用单数→例句：Something is wrong with my bike. 3.复合不定代词(nobody,nothing等)作主语，谓语用单数→例句：Nobody knows the answer to this question. 3.就近原则与就远原则 1.就近原则(not only..but also.,either..or..等)→例句：Not only he but also I am good at math./Either you or she has the book. 2.就远原则(with,together with,except等)→例句：The teacher with her students is in the classroom./ He except his parents goes to the park. 3.there be句型（就近原则）→例句：There is a pen and two books on the desk./There are two books and a pen on the desk. 考法精析 考法一：语法一致原则的应用 核心：根据主语的单复数形式，直接匹配谓语动词的单复数形式 真题1（语法填空）： The children_(play)games on the playground every afternoon. 解析：主语'the children'”为复数名词，根据语法一致原则，复数主语后的谓语动词用原形，故填play。 真题2（单项选择)： A new library_in our school last year. A.build B.builds C.was built D.were built 解析：主语'a new library”为单数名词，根据语法一致原则，单数主语后的谓语动词用单数形式： 由last year'”可知用一般过去时，被动语态结构为"was+过去分词”，故填was built。. 考法二：并列结构与就近一致原则的综合应用 核心：结合”and’连接并列主语的单复数判定规则与”either.or.”等结构的就近一致原则，判断复 合句中的谓语形式 真题1（语法填空)： Either the teachers or the headmaster_(be)going to attend the meeting tomorrow. 解析：由'either.or.”结构可知，谓语与靠近的主语the headmaster”(第三人称单数)保持一致，用is。 4 高中人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 真题2（单项选择）： A singer and dancer-to perform at the opening ceremony,while either you or your friends_expected to welcome the guests. A.are;is B.is;are C.are;are D.is;is 解析：第一空主语”A singer and dancer"”指同一人，视为单数，用is;第二空由”either.or.…”结构可 知，谓语与靠近的主语”your friends”"(复数)一致，用are。 考法三：多原则混合的主谓一致综合应用 核心：结合语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则，分析复杂结构中主语的单复数概念及谓语形式 真题1（单项选择)： Neither the teacher nor the students-late for the meeting yesterday. A is B are C was D were 解析：句中使用"neither..nor.”结构，需遵循就近一致原则，靠近谓语的主语”students”为复数：由 时间标志词'yesterday”可知用一般过去时，因此谓语用were。 真题2（语法填空)： Three fifths of the money(use)to help the poor last month. 解析：”分数+oft名词”结构中，谓语与of后的名词money”(不可数名词)保持一致，用单数： 由'last month'”可知用一般过去时，且”money”与'use”为被动关系，故填was used。 解题小妙招 主谓一致妙招 语法一致基础牢，主谓单复要配套； 意义一致看含义，单复需随语义变： 就近原则有特点，靠近主语来判断： and连接要分辨，单复同体还是俩： eitherorneithernor,近主单复是准则： 分数百分数作主语，of后名词定单复： 不定代词记特殊，eachneither用单数： 综合运用看语境，多法融合细斟酌。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The familywatching TV when the doorbell rang 高中人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 A.is B.are C.was D.were 2.More than one student_late for class this morning A.was B.were C.have been D.are 3.Tom as well as his classmates_interested in the new film A.is B.are C.am D.be 4.Three fourths of the work_done,and the rest left for tomorrow A.are;is B.is;are C.is;is D.are;are 5.Either you or your brotherresponsible for the mistake,but neither my parents nor I_angry with you A.is;are B.are;is C.is;am D.are;am 6.A writer and teacher-to give us a lecture next week A.come B.comes C.is coming D.are coming 7.The number of books in the library_over 50,000,and a number of them_about science A.is;are B.are;is C.is;is D.are;are 8.What he said and what he didquite different A.was B.were C.has been D.have been 9.Ten years-passed since we graduated,but those days_still clear in my mind A.have;are B.has;are C.have;is D.has;is 10.The oldtaken good care of in our community,and the young-encouraged to volunteer A.is,are B.are;is C.are;are D.is,is 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.Each of the students(have)a new textbook this term. 2.Neither the manager nor the workers_(know)the truth yet. 3.Two thirds of the land(cover)by forests in this area. 4.The police(search)for the missing child all night. 5.Reading books_(help)improve our vocabulary 6.A group of students-(visit)the museum when it started to rain 7.All the information(store)in the computer,but some files-(be)missing 8.Not only the teacher but also his students(like)playing basketball. 9.More than one tree_(plant)in front of the building last month. 10.What you need_(be)patience and courage. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 6 高中人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 English,as a global language,-(play)an important role in international communication.However,the rules of English grammar,especially subject-verb agreement,_(be)often challenging for learners. One basic principle is the"grammatical agreement:a singular subject_(require)a singular verb.For example,"The boy-(study)hard every day."But when a sentence has compound subjects,rules become more complex.A singer and dancer,for instance,_(refer)to one person,so the verb_(use)a singular form Another key rule is the"proximity agreement."Neither the students nor the teacher_(be)late for the meeting yesterday.Additionally,phrases like"three fourths of..."depend on the noun after"of':Three fourths of the money_(be)donated to charity,while three fourths of the books_(be)given to the library. Mastering these rules-(help)learners avoid common mistakes and express themselves accurately. 答案区 演练-：1D2.A3.A4.C5.C6.C7.A8.B9B10.C 1.has 2.know 3.is covered 4.searched/were searching 5.helps 6.were visiting 7.is stored;are 8.like 9.was planted 10.is 演练三：1.plays2.are3.requires4.studies5.refers6.uses7.was8.is9.are10.helps 答案解析（部分典型题） 演练一第7题：主句主语The number of.”表单数概念，谓语用is;”a number of.”表复数概念， 谓语用are。 演练二第5题：动名词短语Reading books'”作主语，视为单数，谓语用helps。 演练三第6题：主语”A singer and dancer''指同一人，谓语用单数uses。 演练三第8题："three fourths of the money'中money为不可数名词，谓语用is。 >