特殊结构与综合语法 省略与替代系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（人教版）

高中人教版高中语法全解 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 语法专版 【专题】省略与替代系统讲解 特殊结构与综合语法 考频分析 人教版高中特殊结构与综合语法中，省略与替代是重要语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空3-4题、阅读理解（间接考察，影 响上下文逻辑连贯性)。在语境理解类题目中，省略的条件限制、替代词的指代一致性往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 。基本省略规则：简单句中主语、谓语、宾语的承前省略：并列句中相同成分的省略；复合句中从句 主语与主句一致时的主语和be动词省略 。替代词应用：one/ones指代前文可数名词；that/those指代前文不可数名词或特指可数名词；it作形 式主语/宾语及指代上文提到的事物：so/ot替代前文内容构成省略回答 。语境中的灵活运用：对话场景中的省略表达（如省略主语、助动词）：状语从句中的省略(when/while/.if 等引导的从句省略主语和b动词)：不定式符号to的省略（感官动词、使役动词后作宾补时） 知识点一：省略与替代系统讲解 1.省略（避免重复，使语言简洁) 1.常见类型： ·主语省略（祈使句） ·谓语省略（上下文已知） ·宾语省略（动词后） ●状语省略（时间/地点状语从句) 2.例句： ·(I)(You)Open the door,.please.(祈使句省略主语you) 。(2)He likes swimming and she(likes)dancing.(省略重复谓语likes) 1 高中人教版高中语法全解 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 2.替代（用替代词替换前文内容） 1.常见替代词： ·one/ones(替代可数名词) ·that/hose(替代不可数名词/可数名词复数) 。do/does/did(替代实义动词) ·$0(替代前文内容或宾语从句) 2.例句 。(I)I want a red per,not the black one.(one替代可数名词pen) ·(2)A:Do you like this book?B:Yes,Ido.(do替代实义动词like) 3.常见结构：so/neither/nor引导的倒装句（表”也/也不） 1.结构： ·$0+助动词+主语（肯定) 。neither/nor+助动词+主语（否定） 2.例句： ·(I)He can speak English,so can I.(so替代”也能说英语”，表肯定) ·(2)She didn't go to school,,nor did he.(nor替代”也没上学”，表否定) 4.特殊省略：f引导的条件句省略（主情从现，省略ts) 1.结构：if+adj.(=if it is adj.) 2.例句：If(itis)necessary,.I will help you..(省略itis,条件句更简洁) 知识点二：省略与替代句式 1.不定式省略（保留to) 1.适用场景：上文已出现实义动词，下文再次提及同一动作时，可省略动词原形，保留不定式符号0 2.例句： ·(l)-Would you like to go shopping with me?-I'd love to..(省略go shopping,保留to) ●(2)She wanted to join the club,but her parents didn't allow her to.(省略join the club,保留to) 2.so/nor/neither替代（倒装结构） 2 高中人教版高中语法全解 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 1.规则： ·$0用于肯定句，替代上文肯定内容 ·nor/neither用于否定句，替代上文否定内容 2.结构：so/nor/neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语 3.例句： ●(I)Tom likes English,and so does Mary..(May也喜欢英语，so+does+主语May) ·(2)I have never been to Beijing,nor has my brother..(我弟弟也没去过，nor+has+主语my brother) 3.one/ones替代（指代可数名词） 1.规则： ·one替代单数可数名词 ·ons替代复数可数名词，避免重复上文名词 2.例句： ·(I)I prefer the red pen to the blue one.(one替代pen,单数) ·(2)These apples are better than the ones in the basket..(ones替代apples,,复数) 4.that/hose替代（指代不可数名词或特指复数名词） 1.规则： ·hat替代不可数名词或特指单数名词 ·hose替代特指复数名词 2.例句： ●(I)The weather in Kunming is warmer than that in Harbin.(that替代不可数名词weather) ·(2)The books on the shelf are newer than those on the desk.(those替代特指复数名词books) 5.状语从句省略（主从句主语一致且含be动词） 1.省略条件：当状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语含be动词时，可省略从句主语和be动词 2.例句： ·(I)While(he was)reading,he fell asleep.(省略主语he和was,保留reading) ·(2)If(tis)necessary,.I will help you.(省略itis,保留necessary) 6.do/does/did替代（替代前文实义动词） 3 高中人教版高中语法全解 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 1.规则：用于避免重复上文出现的实义动词，根据时态和主语人称选择do/does/did 2.例句： ·(I)-He studies hard.-So he does..(does替代studies,强调确实如此) ●(2)She didn't finish her homework,but I did.(did替代finished,过去时态) 知识点三：省略与替代系统 1.不定式省略（保留o,省略动词原形) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。want to→例句：He wants to go shopping,and I want to too. ●plan to→例句：They plan to visit Beijing,and we plan to as well.. ·hope to一→例句：She hopes to pass the exam,and I hope to too. ●decide to→例句：He decides to study abroad,and his brother decides to as well.. ●tyto→例句：I try to finish homework early,.and she tries to too. ·need to→例句：We need to buy milk,and they need to as well.. ·like to→例句：She likes to dance,and her sister likes to too. ●love to→例句：They love to travel,.and we love to as well. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： ·感官动词/使役动词后省略to一例句：I saw her dance yesterday.(主动语态省略to) ·被动语态还原to→例句：She was seen to dance yesterday:.(被动语态需加to) ·助动词/情态动词后省略动词原形→例句：Do you like swimming?Yes,Ido.(do替代like swim- ming) 2.代词替代（避免重复名词） 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。it替代前文单数名词/不可数名词→例句：The book is interesting.I want to read it. ●they/them替代前文复数名词→例句：The flowers are beautiful.I like them very much. 。one替代前文可数名词单数（泛指）→例句：I need a pen.Can you lend me one? ·ones替代前文可数名词复数（泛指）→例句：These apples are small.I want the red ones. 。that替代前文不可数名词/特指单数名词→例句：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shang- hai 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 4 高中人教版高中语法全解 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 ·so替代前文肯定句内容→例句：He likes English,and so do I. ●neither/nor替代前文否定句内容→例句：She can't swim,and neither can I. 。the same..as替代同类事物→例句：My bag is the same color as yours. 3.从句替代（简化复合句) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。用不定式替代目的状语从句→例句：He studies hard to get good grades.(替代He studies hard so that he can get good grades.) 。用分词短语替代定语从句→例句：The girl standing there is my sister.(替代The girl who is standing there is my sister.) 。用'疑问词+不定式”替代宾语从句→例句：I don't know what to do..(替代Idon't know what I should do.) 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： 。用it作形式主语替代主语从句→例句：It's a pity that he didn't come..(替代That he didn't come is a pity.) ·用it作形式宾语替代宾语从句→例句：I find it easy to learn English.(替代I find that learning English is easy.) 。用as替代前文整句内容引导定语从句→例句：Ie passed the exam,as we expected.(as替代He passed the exam这件事) 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作状语辨析 核心：根据语境判断非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）作状语的用法差异，重点区分表 目的、伴随、原因等逻辑关系 真题1（语法填空)： -(solve)this problem,we need to collect more data and analyze it carefully. 答案：To solve 解析：句意为”为了解决这个问题，我们需要收集更多数据并仔细分析”，表目的，用动词不定式作 目的状语。 真题2（完形填空）： _by the beautiful scenery,many tourists stopped to take photos. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Attract 答案：B 解析：句中'many tourists'”与”attract'”是被动关系（被美景吸引)，用过去分词作原因状语：A项表 主动，C项表目的，D项为谓语动词形式，均不符合语境。 5 高中人教版高中语法全解 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 考法二：非谓语动词与省略结合 核心：在语境中识别非谓语动词的正确形式，并结合省略规则判断是否省略to或其他成分 真题1（语法填空)： The teacher made us_(clean)the classroom after school. 答案：clean 解析：make后接宾语补足语时需省略to,构成'make sb.do sth.”结构，此处应用动词原形clean。 真题2（单项选择)： English well,he practices speaking every day. A.Learn B.To learn C.Learning D.Learned 答案：B 解析：句意为”为了学好英语，他每天练习口语”，表目的应用动词不定式To learn:此处省略了主 语he(因与主句主语一致)，符合状语从句的省略规则。 考法三：名词性从句中的省略与替代现象 核心：识别名词性从句中常见的省略（如hat省略、f条件句itis省略）和替代（如so/it替代从句 内容)现象，结合语境判断语法正确性 真题1（单项选择)： The teacher saidnecessary we should review the new words before the exam. A.if B.that if C.that it D.it if 答案：B 解析：said后接宾语从句，从句中包含if引导的条件句（省略itis),完整结构应为'that if(itis necessary we should.”,that引导宾语从句不可省略，if引导条件句省略itis,故选B。 真题2（语法填空)： He promisedhelp me if possible,but I don't think he will keepword. 答案：to,his 解析：第一空考查不定式省略，上文出现实义动词help,下文用to替代to help me;第二空考查代 词替代，keep one's word为固定搭配，用his替代he's,指代”他的承诺”。 解题小妙招 非谓语作状看关系，目的要用不定式：主谓主动现分词，动宾被动用过去： 使役感官接宾补，省o原形记清楚：被动还原to莫忘，主从一致可省略： 名从中whether接不定式，suggest后接动名词：疑问词加不定式，简化从句省should。. 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 6 高中人教版高中语法全解 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 1.the early bus,he got up at 5 o'clock in the morning. A.Catch B.To catch C.Catching D.Caught 2.The girl was seen_the library with a lot of books in her hand just now. A.leave B.to leave C.leaving D.left 3.by his words,many students decided to work harder. A.Encouraging B.Encouraged C.To encourage D.Encourage 4.I don't know the meeting will start,but please tell me as soon as you know it. A.when B.that C.what D.where 5.The teacher suggested more time on listening practice to improve English. A.spend B.to spend C.spending D.spent 6.-is important for us teamwork in daily life. A.That;learning B.It;to learn C.This;learn D.What;learned 7.He asked me whether-to the party the next day,and I said I would A.go B.to go C.going D.went 8.the homework,he went out to play basketball with his friends. A.Finishing B.Finished C.To finish D.Finish 9.The news_our team won the match made everyone excited. A.that B.which C.what D.when 10.She didn't pass the exam,made her parents very disappointed. A.which B.that C.what D.this 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The doctor advised him_(take)more exercise to keep healthy. 2.-(improve)her writing skills,she keeps a diary every day. 3.I heard him_(sing)in the next room when I passed by. 4.The question is whether(accept)the invitation or not. 5.(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks even more beautiful 6.My parents always tell me(not talk)to strangers. 7.He is looking forward to(visit)his grandparents during the holiday. 8.-(be)late for class,he ran all the way to school. 9.The teacher told us that the earth _(go)around the sun. 10.-(necessary),we will hold a meeting to discuss the problem. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) > 高中人教版高中语法全解 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 It is well known that reading is one of the most effective ways-1(learn)knowledge.2(read)widely can not only open our minds but also improve our language skills.Many students ask mehow-3-(choose) good books.In my opinion,the first step is to find books4(interest)you.If_5-(possible),you can make a list of books you want to read and set a goal for each week. Some students complain that they don't have enough time6(read).However,7(spend)just 15-30 minutes a day on reading can make a difference.Remember,8(form)a good reading habit is more important than reading a lot at once. Last week,my teacher suggested9(join)a reading club.There,we can share ideas and learn from each other.-10-(encourage)more students to read,our school will hold a reading festival next month. 答案区 演练-：1B2.B3B4.A5.C6B7.B8.A9.A10.A 1.to take 2.To improve 3.singing 4.to accept 5.Seen 6.not to talk 7.visiting 8.Being 9.goes 10.If necessary 1.to learn 2.Reading 3.to choose 4.interesting 5.possible 6.to read 7.spending 8.forming 9.joining 10.To encourage 8