特殊结构与综合语法 强调与倒装系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（人教版）

高中人教版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 语法精讲 【专题】强调与倒装系统讲解 特殊结构与综合语法 考频分析 人教版高中语法全解中，强调与倒装是特殊结构与综合语法模块的重要内容，考频占句法总量的 15%左右，主要分布在核心题型中：单项选择(1-2题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（长难句分 析辅助)、书面表达（提升句式多样性与表达效果）。在结构分析类题目中，强调句型的判断、倒装 的条件及还原技巧往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。强调句型：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分的基本结构与辨别（区分定语从句） ·倒装结构：完全倒装(here/there引导、表语提前等)与部分倒装（否定词置于句首、only+状语置 于句首、so/neither/nor引导等)的构成规则 。语境应用：在阅读理解中识别强调与倒装结构对句意的突出作用，在书面表达中正确运用以增强语 势与表达多样性 知识点一：强调与倒装的基本结构及用法 1.强调结构（突出句子特定成分) 1.基本句型：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分（被强调部分指人时可用who) 2.例句： ·It was Mary who helped me yesterday.(强调主语May) 。It is in the park that we will meet..(强调地点状语in the park) 2.部分倒装（将助动词/情态动词提到主语前） 1.常见触发词：否定副词(never/seldom/hardly)、”only+状语”、so/neither/hor(表，也/也不') 2.例句： 。Never have I seen such a beautiful place.(否定副词never置于句首) 1 高中人教版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 ·Only by working hard can we succeed.("only+介词短语”置于句首) 3.完全倒装（将谓语动词完全提到主语前） 1.常见情况：地点状语置于句首且主语为名词、there be句型 2.例句： 。On the hill stands a tall tree.(地点状语On the hill置于句首，主语a tall tree为名词) ●There are three books on the desk.(there be句型表存在) 知识点二：强调句型与倒装结构 1.强调句型（强调句子中的主语、宾语、状语） 1.基本结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其余部分（被强调部分指人时可用who,指物/时 间/地点等用that) 2.例句： ●It is Tom who helped me yesterday.(强调主语Tom,指人用who) ●It was in the park that I met her last Sunday..(强调地点状语in the park,指物用that) ·It was a book that he bought yesterday.(强调宾语a book,指物用that) 3.注意事项：去掉It is/was.…that/who后，句子仍完整（如例句(1）去掉后为'Tom helped me yesterday', 语法正确)：强调时间/地点时不用when/where,必须用hat 2.部分倒装（将谓语的一部分提到主语前，常见于否定词/半否定词位于句首 时) 1.否定词/半否定词位于句首： ·常见词：never(从不)、hardly(几乎不)、seldom(很少)、scarcely(几乎不)、rarely(很少)、 little(几乎没有)、by no means(绝不)、in no way(绝不) ·结构：否定词/半否定词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其余部分 ·例句： l.Never have I seen such a beautiful place.(否定词never位于句首，助动词have提到主语I前) 2.Hardly did he speak English in class.(半否定词hardly位于句首，助动词did提到主语he前) 3.Seldom does she go to the cinema.(半否定词seldom位于句首，助动词does提到主语she前) 2.”oy+状语”位于句首： ·结构：Only+状语（副词/介词短语/从句）+be/助动词情态动词+主语+谓语其余部分 ·例句： 2 高中人教版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 l.Only then did I realize my mistake.(only+副词hen位于句首，助动词did提到主语I前) 2.Only in this way can we solve the problem.(only+介词短语in this way位于句首，情态动词 can提到主语we前) 3.全部倒装（将整个谓语提到主语前，常见于方位副词/介词短语位于句首时） 1.方位副词位于句首（表示地点、方向的副词：here,there,out,in,up,dowm,away,of): ·结构：方位副词+谓语动词+主语（主语为名词时：主语为代词时不倒装） ●例句： l.Here comes the bus.(方位副词here位于句首，主语the bus是名词，谓语comes提到主语前) 2.There goes the bell.(方位副词there位于句首，主语the bell是名词，谓语goes提到主语前) 3.Here it is.（主语it是代词，不倒装) 2.表示地点的介词短语位于句首： 。结构：介词短语+谓语动词+主语（主语为名词，谓语多为不及物动词：lie,stand,sit,come,go) ●例句： l.In front of the house stands a big tree.(介词短语in front of the house位于句首，主语a big tree 是名词，谓语stands提到主语前) 2.On the wall hang two maps..(介词短语on the wall位于句首，主语two maps是名词，谓语 hang提到主语前) 知识点三：强调句型与倒装结构 1.强调句型（中考核心) 1.基础结构（必背）： ·Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他→例句：It was Tom who helped me yesterday..(强调主 语) ·It is/was+时间状语+that+其他→例句：It was in2020 that we moved to this city.(强调时间) 。It is/was+地点状语+that+其他→例句：It is in the park that we often meet..(强调地点) 2.特殊考点（易错)： ●强调句的疑间句形式→例句：Was it you who called me last night?? ●强调句与定语从句的区别→例句：It is the house where I lived(定语从句)vs.It is in the house that I lived(强调句) 2.部分倒装（中考常考) 3 高中人教版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 1.否定词开头倒装（必背）： ·Never+助动词+主语+动词原形→例句：Never have I seen such a beautiful place. 。Seldom+助动词+主语+动词原形→例句：Seldom does she go to the cinema. 。Not only..but also..(前倒后不倒)一→例句：Not only does he study hard,but he also helps others. 2.副词开头倒装（拓展)： ●Here/There+动词+主语→例句：Here comes the bus. 。Out+动词+主语→例句：Out rushed the children. 3.全部倒装（中考了解) 1.方位词开头倒装（基础）： ·In front of the house stood a big tree.（房子前有棵大树) ●On the wall hang two maps.(墙上挂着两张地图) 2.时间/条件状语从句倒装（特殊)： 。Only then did I realize my mistake.(只有那时我才意识到错误) ·Only if you work hard can you succeed.(只有努力才能成功) 考法精析 考法一：强调结构的判断与运用 核心：识别被强调部分（主语、宾语、状语等），正确使用'It is/was+被强调部分+that/who”结构 真题1（语法填空）： It was yesterday_I met my old friend in the supermarket. 答案：that 解析：被强调部分为时间状语”yesterday”,强调结构中连接词用that（非指人时)。 真题2（单项选择)： -helped me solve the problem was my teacher. A.It was who B.Who it was that C.It was that who D.It was my teacher who 答案：B 解析：强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为”疑问词+is/was+it+hat+其他成分”，此处还原为陈述句 为'It was my teacher who helped me solve the problem”,对主语'my teacher''提间用who。 考法二：非谓语动词与强调结构结合 核心：识别被强调部分是否包含非谓语动词，结合强调结构It is/was+被强调部分+that/who”和 非谓语动词的功能（作主语、宾语、状语等）进行综合判断 4 高中人教版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 真题1（语法填空)： It was _(learn)English well that made her confident in communication. 答案：learning 解析：被强调部分在句中作主语，应用动名词形式；lean的动名词为learning。 真题2（单项选择)： It is to protect the environment_we should take immediate action. A.what B.that C.how D.why 答案：B 解析：本句为强调结构，强调目的状语”to protect the environment”,应用that连接：强调结构中被 强调部分为非谓语动词短语时，仍需遵循强调句型基本结构。 考法二：虚拟语气与倒装结构结合 核心：当虚拟语气中if从句省略if时，需将were/had/should置于句首构成倒装，结合虚拟语气不 同时间范畴的时态要求判断动词形式 真题1（语法填空）： -(be)I you,I would take the chance to study abroad. 答案：Were 解析：本句为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，原句为IfI were you;省略if后将were置于句首构成倒 装。 真题2（单项选择）： -he studied harder,he would have passed the exam. A.Had B.Were C.Should D.Did 答案：A 解析：由主句'would have passed”可知为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，原句if从句为”If he had studied”;省略if后将had置于句首构成倒装。 考法二：非谓语动词与虚拟语气结合 核心：在虚拟语气的建议/命令类从句中，判断非谓语动词是否符合”(should)+动词原形的虚拟语 气要求，或在非谓语作状语时体现虚拟含义 真题1（语法填空)： The teacher suggested that we_(finish)the task on time. 答案：finish 解析：suggest后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为'(should)+动词原形”，should可省略，故填finish。 真题2（单项选择)： It is important that we_(keep)calm in danger. A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep 答案：A 解析：”It is important+that从句'需用虚拟语气，结构为”(should)+动词原形”，should可省略，故 填keep。 5 高中人教版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 考法三：强调句型、倒装结构与虚拟语气的综合运用 核心：结合语境判断强调对象、倒装触发条件及虚拟语气的时间范畴，综合运用三种结构的语法规 则 真题1（单项选择）： It was only if we had taken the early bus that we _the accident.Now we have to wait for the next one. A.would avoid B.avoided C.had avoided D.would have avoided 答案：D 解析：本题包含强调句型和虚拟语气。去掉It was.that后还原为”Only if we had taken the early bus wethe accident'',”only+条件状语从句'置于句首需部分倒装（此处因在强调句型中已调整语序， 还原后正常)：从句用过去完成时(had taken)表与过去事实相反，主句应用'would have+过去分 词”，故选D。 真题2（语法填空）： Never-she(imagine)that it was Tom who_(save)her dog yesterday.If he hadn't been there,the dog would have run away. 答案：did imagine saved 解析：第一空考查部分倒装，否定词Never置于句首，需将助动词did提到主语she前：第二空 imagine用原形（因有助动词did);第三空为强调句型，被强调部分是主语Tom,去掉It was..who 后还原为”Tom一her dog yesterday”,由时间状语yesterday可知用一般过去时saved。.后句为虚拟语 气（与过去事实相反），进一步验证语境为过去时间范畴。 解题小妙招 强调结构妙招 强调句型有特点，It is was放前面： 被强调部分跟着走，that who连接紧相连： 主语宾语状语均能强调，指人用who物用hat: 特殊疑问要变化，疑问词提前t置中间： 非谓短语作强调，结构不变照此办。 非谓动词妙招 非谓形式有三种，to do doing和done: 作主语用动名词，todo也可放句首： by后动词要加ing,介词宾语动名担： suggest后接宾从句，(should)加原形记心间： 重要句型Itis加adj,hat从句虚拟现，(should加原形是关键。 虚拟语气妙招 虚拟语气表假设，三种时间要记清： 与现在相反动词用过去，be动词一律用were: 6 高中人教版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 与过去相反had加done,主句would have加过分： if省略要倒装，were had should放句首： 建议命令类从句，(should)加原形莫忘记。 综合应用妙招 强调非谓虚拟合，分步拆解是上策： 先找强调结构It is was,再看非谓成分担； 虚拟语气辨时间，动词时态要选对： by后动名莫用错，suggest宾从原形落： 强调句型末that补，综合题目轻松破。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.It was in the library_I found the lost book yesterday. A.where B.that C.which D.when 2.Never_such a difficult problem in my life A.Ihave met B.have I met C.I met D.met I 3.-the early bus,he got up at 5 o'clock this morning. A.Catch B.Catching C.To catch D.Caught 4.My parents suggested that I_a foreign language next semester. A.learn B.learned C.learning D.to learn 5.I known the truth,I would have told you earlier A.Have B.Had C.Were D.Should 6.It is necessary that weattention to the details in the experiment. A.pay B.paid C.paying D.to pay 7.The girl_in the park is my classmate Mary. A.dance B.danced C.dancing D.to dance 8.IfIyou,I would choose the red dress for the party A.be B.am C.was D.were 9.She enjoys_music while doing homework. A.listen to B.listening to C.to listen to D.listened to 10.It was only after three hours_the meeting came to an end. A.when B.that C.which D.what 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 高中人教版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 1.It was Tom_(help)me with my math last night. 2.(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful. 3.She decided(study)abroad after graduation. 4.If I(have)time yesterday,I would have joined you for the picnic. 5.-(not make)the same mistake again,he took notes carefully. 6.The teacher ordered that all students_(hand)in their homework before Friday. 7.(be)there no water,all living things would die 8.My hobby is_(collect)old coins from different countries. 9.It is important that we_(keep)the environment clean. 10.(work)hard is the key to success. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Many students find English grammar challenging,but mastering it is essential for effective communication. Here are some tips to improve your skills: First,.focus on 1.一(practice)basic structures daily.For example,when learning the强调结构，remember that2._is/was+被强调部分+that/who is used to突出key information. Second,pay attention to非谓语动词.3.一(leam)to use”todo”,”doing'”,and”done'correctly can make your sentences more precise.For instance,”I want4.-(improve)my writing"'uses不定式作宾语，while 'I am interested in5._(read)novels”uses动名词after a preposition. Third,虚拟语气is crucial for expressing unreal situations.If you6.一(be)to take an English exam tomorrow,you should review the rules for"if'clauses.Teachers often suggest that students 7.(spend) more time on exercises involving虚拟语气and倒装，such as"8.had)I studied harder last term,I would have passed the exam." Finally,remember that consistency is key.It was through daily practice 9.many students 10.-(achieve) progress.Keep trying,and you will see results! 答案区 演练-：1B2.B3.C4.A5B6.A7.C8D9B10B 1.who helped 2.Seen 3.to study 4.had had 5.Not to make 6.(should)hand 7.Were 8.collecting 9.(should)keep 10.Working 1.practicing 2.it 3.Learning 4.to improve 5.reading 6.were 7.(should)spend 8.Had 9.that P 高中人教版高中语法全解 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 10.achieved 9