特殊结构与综合语法 高中阶段常见固定句型与结构-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（人教版）

高中人教版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 语法专版 【专题】高中阶段常见固定句型与结构 特殊结构与综合语法 考频分析 人教版高中语法全解中，特殊结构与综合语法是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-2题、书面表达核心考察，直 接影响句子多样性与表达准确性。在语境理解类题目中，固定句型的结构辨析、时态呼应及逻辑关 系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构识别：It is/was+adj.+for/of sb to do sth中for与of的选用规则；It takes sb some time to do sth 的时态变化：There be句型的主谓一致原则：“疑问词+不定式”结构的句法功能；“so/such...that..” 中s0与such的搭配差异 ·句式转换应用：There be句型的各种时态转换（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等）：主动语 态与被动语态在固定句型中的转换 ·语境意义辨析：不同固定句型表达的逻辑关系（结果、目的、强调等）：结合上下文选择恰当句型 完成句子 ·固定搭配与易错点：“疑问词+不定式”结构中常见疑问词(what,how,where等)的具体用法；“so/such.hat.” 与“so that'”的区别：It is/was+adj.+of sb to do sth中形容词的特征（描述人品质） 知识点一：高中阶段常见固定句型与结构 1.It is/was adj.for/of sb to do sth 1.用法区别： 。for强调事物特征(adj.多为客观描述，如important/difficult) ·of强调人的品质(adj.多为主观评价，如kind/foolish) 2.例句： 。It is important for us to learn English.(for结构，强调学英语的重要性) 1 高中人教版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 ·It was kind of her to help the old man..(of结构，强调她乐于助人的品质) 2.It takes sb some time to do sth 1.基本结构：It作形式主语，真正主语为不定式to do sth,“花费某人时间做某事” 2.时态变化：takes(一般现在时)/took(一般过去时)/will take(一般将来时) 3.例句 ·It takes me30 minutes to walk to school every day..(一般现在时) ●It took them two hours to finish the work yesterday..(一般过去时) 3.There be句型的各种时态与变体 1.基本结构：There be+主语+地点/时间状语（表示“某地/某时有某物”） 2.常见时态：There is/aure(一般现在时)、There was/were(一般过去时)、There will be/There is going tobe(一般将来时)、There has/have been(现在完成时) 3.变体：There seems to be(似乎有)、There stands/.exists(存在，用于特殊动词) 4.例句： ●There are three books on the desk.(一般现在时) 。There has been a big change in our city since2020.(现在完成时) 。There seems to be a mistake in the report.(变体形式) 4.“疑问词+不定式”结构 1.构成：疑问代词(what/who/which)或疑问副词(how/when/where/why)+to do sth,在句中作主语、 宾语或表语 2.功能：相当于名词性从句，表达“做什么如何做何时做”等含义 3.例句： ●Idon't know how to solve this problem.(作宾语，相当于how I can solve..) ·When to start the project is still a question.(作主语，相当于When we will start..) 5.“so/such..that.”结果状语结构 1.用法区别：so+adj./adv.+that.:such+(a/an)+adj.+n.+that.(uch修饰名词，so修饰形容词或 副词) 2.否定结构：so/1ch.that.not.(“如此…以至于不…”) 3.例句： 高中人教版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 He ran so fast that no one could catch him.(so adv.+that...) She is such a kind girl that everyone likes her.(such +a adj.+n.that...) ·The problem was so difficult that I couldn't work it out.(否定结构) 知识点二：高中阶段常见固定句型与结构 1.It is/was adj.for/of sb to do sth 1.用法区别 ·当形容词描述事物特征（如difficult,.important,.necessary)时，用for sb ·当形容词描述人的品质（如kind,clever,,polite)时，用ofsb 2.结构示例 。It is important for students to study hard..(important描述“学习”的特征，用for) ●It was kind of her to help the old man..(kind描述人的品质，用of) 2.It takes sb some time to do sth 1.基本结构：It takes+人+时间+to do sth(“做某事花费某人多少时间”，take有人称和时态变化) 2.时态变化 ●一般现在时：It takes me30 minutes to walk to school.(主语三单，take用takes) ·一般过去时：It took them2 hours to finish the work yesterday.(过去式took) 3.被动语态（较少使用） ·30 minutes is taken by me to walk to school.(主语为时间，用is taken) 3.There be句型的各种时态与变体 1.基本时态 ●一般现在时：There is a book on the desk.(主语单数，用is) ·一般过去时：There were three apples in the basket yesterday..(主语复数，用were) ·一般将来时：There will be a meeting tomorrow./There is going to be a party next week. ·现在完成时：There has been a big change in our city since2020.(主语单数，用has bee) 2.变体结构 ●There seems to be..(似乎有)：There seems to be a mistake in your answer.. 。There used to be..(过去有)：There used to be a park here. 3 高中人教版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 4.“疑问词+不定式”结构 1.常见疑问词：what,how,when,where,.which,whether(不与if互换) 2.语法功能（作主语/宾语/表语) 。作主语：How to solve the problem is a big challenge..(“如何解决问题”作主语) ·作宾语：He doesn't know where to go.(“去哪里”作know的宾语) 。作表语：The question is when to start.(“何时开始”作表语) 3.例句 ·Ican't decide which book to buy.(which后接名词book) 。She asked me whether to attend the meeting.(whether表“是否”，后接不定式) 5.“so/such.that..”结果状语结构 1.用法区别 ●so+形容词/副词+that.:She is so beautiful that everyone likes her.(beautiful为形容词) 。such+(a/an)+形容词+名词+that.:It is such an interesting story that I read it twice.(interesting story为名词短语) 2.否定形式(“如此…以至于不…”) ·He is so young that he can't drive.(so+形容词+that+否定句) ·They are such small children that they can't go alone.(such+名词+that+否定句) 3.倒装结构（so/such位于句首时) ·So fast does he run that no one can catch up with him.(so+副词fast置于句首，主句部分倒装) ·Such a clever boy is he that he solves the problem quickly.(such+名词短语置于句首，主句部分倒 装) 知识点三：There be句型的各种时态与变体 1.一般现在时 1.基本结构：There is+单数可数名词/不可数名词；There are+复数名词 2.必背例句： ·There is a book on the desk.（桌上有一本书。) ·There are two cats in the garden.(花园里有两只猫。) ·There is some water in the bottle..(瓶子里有一些水。) 高中人教版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 2.一般过去时 l.基本结构：There was+单数可数名词/不可数名词：There were+复数名词 2.必背例句： ·There was a park near my home five years ago.(五年前我家附近有一个公园。) ·There were many students in the classroom yesterday..(昨天教室里有很多学生。) 。There was little milk in the fridge this morning.(今天早上冰箱里几乎没有牛奶。) 3.一般将来时 l.基本结构：There will be+名词（单/复/不可数）：There is/are going to be+名词 2.必背例句： ●There will be a football match tomorrow.(明天将有一场足球赛。) ·There are going to be30 students in our class next term.(下学期我们班将有30名学生。) ·There will be heavy rain this weekend.(这个周末将有大雨。) 4.特殊变体结构（中考易错） 1.There be+名词+地点状语/时间状语（强调位置或时间）→例句：There is a girl under the tree.(树 下有一个女孩。) 2.There be+名词+doing sth(表示“有…正在做某事”)→例句：There are some birds singing in the tree..(树上有一些鸟在唱歌。) 3.There be+no+名词（表示“没有…”）→例句：There is no money in my pocket.(我口袋里没有 钱。) 4.There be句型的就近原则→例句：There is a pen and two books on the desk.(桌上有一支笔和两本 书。)(be动词与靠近的名词“apen”保持一致) 考法精析 考法一：强调句型的识别与运用 核心：判断是否为强调句型，正确使用'it is/was..that/who.”结构强调句子成分 真题1（语法填空）： It was yesterday-he told me the news. 答案：that 解析：本句为强调句型，强调时间状语yesterday,指物，用that连接。 真题2（单项选择）： -was in the street that I met an old friend. 5 高中人教版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 AIt B This C That DThere 答案：A 解析：本句为强调句型，基本结构为It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他”，此处强调地点状语in the street,需用it作形式主语。 考法二：非谓语动词与固定句型结合 核心：结合固定句型结构（如It's+adj.+for/of sb to do sth”、”疑问词+不定式”等)，判断非谓语 动词的正确形式（不定式、动名词、分词） 真题1（语法填空)： It's important for us _(learn)English well. 答案：to learn 解析：此处为'Itis+adj.+for sb to do sth”固定句型，for结构后需用不定式作真正主语，故填to learn。 真题2（单项选择)： She doesn't know_(solve)the problem. A.solve B.to solve C.solving D.solved 答案：B 解析：”疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作宾语，how to solve相当于how she can solve,此处应用不 定式形式to solve。 考法三：固定句型与强调/倒装的综合运用 核心：结合"It is/was+adj.+for/of sb to do sth'”等固定句型，判断强调句型(It is/was..that/who.) 和倒装句型的结构及用法 真题1（单项选择)： -was itsaved the little girl from the river yesterday? A.Who that B.It that C.What who D.That who 答案：A 解析：此句为强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，强调主语“人”，结构为“疑问词+is/was+it+hat/who +其他”，疑问词用who,强调人时可用that或who,此处选A符合结构。 真题2（语法填空)： It was not until she got home_she realized she had lost her keys 答案：that 解析：此处考查强调句型中对”not.until.”结构的强调，固定表达为Itis/was not until.that”,故 填that。 解题小妙招 6 高中人教版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 强调句型妙招 强调句型有特点，it is/was置句前： 被强调部分紧随其后，that/who连接是关键： 指人可用who/that,指物只能用that填： 去掉it is/was和that,句子完整即正确。 非谓固定句型妙招 固定句型记心间，非谓形式看结构： It's adj for/ofsb,todo放后作真主： 疑问词加不定式，句中可作宾表语： how to do表方式，what to do表对象。 非谓虚拟综合妙招 疑问词加不定式，how表方式what表内容： so加ad和adv,such修饰名和名短语： so/such后接that,结果状语常相依： 虚拟语气看时间，过去完成表过去： 现在过去都可用，时态倒退一步行。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.It is kind_you to help me carry the heavy box. Afor B of Cwith Dabout 2.-takes me two hours to finish my homework every day. A This B That CIt DWhat 3.There a football match on TV this evening. A will be B was Cis going to have D are 4.She doesn't know to deal with the difficult situation. A what B how Cwhy Dwhere 5.He ran _fast that he won the race easily. A very B such C so Dtoo 6.in the library that I met my English teacher. A It was B This was C That was D There was 7.Never_I seen such a beautiful sunset before. Ahave B has C do D did > 高中人教版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 8.If I_you,I would take the chance. A am B were Cwas Dbe 9.The problem is too hardout. A work B working Cto work Dworked 10.-he is young,he knows a lot. A Though B But CBecause DSo 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.It took me three hours(finish)the work. 2.There_(be)a big park near my home since 2010. 3.Could you tell me how _(get)to the nearest station? 4.She is_a lovely girl that everyone likes her. 5.It was Tom_gave me the book yesterday. 6.(learn)English well is important for us. 7.If I_(study)harder,I would have passed the exam. 8.He came here_(see)his old friend. 9.The girl(read)a book is my sister 10.Only by working hard_we succeed. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,I decided to visit my grandparents.It took me two hours-(get)to their house by bus.When I arrived,I found my grandpa-(work)in the garden.He was so happy to see me-he stopped working at once."It's kind_you to come,"he said with a smile. After lunch,my grandma told me a story about her childhood.She said there_(be)no schools in her village when she was young,so she had to walk a long way to study.I was-moved by her story that I decided to help children in poor areas.I askedmy grandma how_(collect)books for them.She suggested _(ask)my classmates for help IfI(know)about their situation earlier,I would have done something sooner.Now,I plan to start a book donation drive next month.It is_important task that I believe everyone will support me. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3.A4.B5.C6.A7.A8.B9.C10.A 1.to finish 2.has been 3.to get 4.such 5.who/that 6.To learn 7.had studied 8.to see 9reading 8 高中人教版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 10.can 演练三：1.to get2.working3.that4.of5.were6.so7.to collect8.asking9.had known10.s1ch 9