句法 名词性从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（人教版）

高中句法人教版高中语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 名词性从句系统讲解 语法专项突破 考频分析 人教版高中句法中，名词性从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题 型：单项选择(2-3题)、阅读理解（长难句分析关键）、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（复杂句式 构建核心，影响表达丰富性与逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中，名词性从句的连接词选择、语序及 与主句的逻辑关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。从句类型辨析：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的识别与功能 ·连接词选用：that、whether、if、what、who、which、when、where、why、how的语义辨析与语法 功能 。语序与时态：陈述句语序的坚持，主句与从句时态呼应规则（如主句过去时从句用相应过去时态） 知识点一：名词性从句的分类及基础用法 1.主语从句（在句中作主语，常用t作形式主语） 1.引导词：that(无意义，不充当成分)、whether(是否)、连接代词(what/who/which等)、连接副词 (when/where/why/how) 2.例句： ·That she passed the exam surprised us all.(that引导，无意义) 。What he said is true.(what引导，作said的宾语) ·It is important whether we can arrive on time.(it作形式主语，whether引导真正主语) 2.宾语从句（在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语) 1.引导词：that(可省略)、if/whether(是否)、连接代词、连接副词 2.例句： 高中句法人教版高中语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·I think(hat)he will come tomorrow.(that省略，作think的宾语) ●She asked if I knew the answer.(if表'是否'，作asked的宾语) ·We are talking about where to go for vacation.(where引导，作about的宾语) 3.表语从句（在句中作系动词的表语） 1.引导词：hat(不可省略)、whether、连接代词、连接副词 2.例句： 。The fact is that he lied to us.(that引导，说明fact的内容) 。The question is whether we should accept the offer..(whether表'是否') ·This is how he solved the problem.(how引导，表方式) 4.同位语从句（在名词后补充说明该名词的具体内容) 1.引导词：that(无意义，不充当成分)、whether、连接代词、连接副词 2.例句： ●He made a promise that he would help us.(that引导，说明promise的内容) ·We heard the news that our team won the game..(that引导，解释news的具体内容) ·There is some doubt whether they will agree.(whether引导，表'是否') 知识点二：名词性从句分类及用法 1.主语从句（在句中作主语，引导词位于句首） 1.常用引导词：hat(无意义，不可省略)、whether(是否)、what(什么，所…的事物)、who(谁)、 when(何时)、where(何地)、why(为何)、how(如何) 2.基本结构：引导词+陈述句语序+谓语动词（主语从句视为单数，谓语用三单形式） 3.例句： ●That she will come tomorrow is certain.(that引导，无意义，不可省略；谓语用is) ·What he said made me angry.(what在从句中作宾语，意为'他所说的话'；谓语用made) 。Whether we can succeed depends on our effort.(whether表'是否”，不可用if替换；谓语用depends) 2.宾语从句（在句中作动词或介词的宾语) 1.常用引导词：that(无意义，可省略)、if/whether(是否)、what(什么)、who(谁)、which(哪一 个)、when(何时)、where(何地)、how(如何) 2 高中句法人教版高中语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.时态规则：主句为一般现在时，从句用任意时态：主句为一般过去时，从句用过去相关时态（客观 真理用一般现在时) 3.例句： 。I know(hat)she likes English.(that可省略，主句现在时，从句现在时) ·He asked if/whether I had finished my homework.(if/whether表”是否'，主句过去时，从句过去完 成时) ●She told me what she did yesterday.(what在从句中作宾语，主句过去时，从句一般过去时) 。The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun..(客观真理，从句用一般现在时) 3.表语从句（在句中作系动词的表语） 1.常用引导词：that(无意义，不可省略)、whether（是否，不可用if)、what(什么)、who(谁)、how (如何)why(为何)、because(因为) 2.基本结构：主语+系动词+引导词+陈述句语序 3.例句： 。The fact is that he has left.(that引导，不可省略) 。The question is whether we should accept the offer..(whether表”是否'，不可用if) ·That's why she was late..(why表原因，意为”那就是她迟到的原因”) ·My hope is that I can pass the exam.(that引导，表语从句说明hope的内容) 4.同位语从句（在名词后解释说明该名词的具体内容) 1.常用引导词：hat(无意义，不可省略)、whether(是否)、how(如何)、when(何时)等 2.与定语从句的区别：同位语从句中引导词不作成分，定语从句中引导词在从句中作主语/宾语/状语 3.例句： 。The news that he won the game surprised us.(that引导同位语从句，解释news内容，that不作成 分) ·I have no idea whether she will come.(whether引导，说明idea的内容) 。The question how we can solve the problem is difficult.(how在从句中作方式状语，引导同位语从 句) ●The fact that he told me is true.(that在从句中作宾语，此为定语从句，非同位语从句) 知识点三：名词性从句 1.主语从句 3 高中句法人教版高中语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.基础用法（中考必背)： ·That+陈述句→例句：That she passed the exam makes her parents happy.. 。What+陈述句一→例句：What he said is very important 。How+陈述句→例句：How we solve the problem is still unknown. 。Whether+陈述句→例句：Whether he will come tomorrow is not sure. 2.形式主语结构（中考常考）： ·It+be+adj.+that从句→例句：It's clear that he is right.. ●It+be+n.+that从句→例句：It's a pity that you can't join us. 2.宾语从句 1.连接词选择（中考核心)： 。陈述句用that(可省略)→例句：I think(hat)she is a good student.. 。一般疑问句用if/whether→例句：He asks if/whether we will go to the park, 。特殊疑问句用疑问词(what/when/how等)→例句：Do you know where he lives? 2.语序规则（中考易错)： 。从句用陈述语序→例句：She wants to know what his name is.(误：what is his name) 。时态一致（主句过去时，从句用相应过去时态）→例句：He said he would visit Beijing 3.表语从句 1.基础连接词（中考必背)： 。That引导→例句：The fact is that he lied to us.. ●What引导→例句：My idea is what we should start early. ·Why☑引导→例句：The reason is why she was late for class. 。Whether引导→例句：The question is whether we can finish on time, 2.常见句型（中考拓展）： 。The problem is that..→例句：The problem is that we have no money. ●It seems that..→例句：It seems that it will rain soon.(注：此处it为形式主语，that从句为表语 从句) 考法精析 考法一：连接词hat与what的区别 高中句法人教版高中语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 核心：根据从句是否缺成分及语义需求，区分that（无意义不充当成分)与what(表”…的事物” 且充当成分) 真题1（语法填空)： I can't remember_he said at the meeting yesterday. 答案：what 解析：从句中said缺宾语，需用what表示”他说的内容”，that不充当成分，故填what。 真题2（单选题)： -he failed the exam surprised everyone in his class. A.That B.What C.When D.Where 答案：A 解析：从句he failed the exam'结构完整（主语he+谓语failed),不缺成分，需用that仅起连接作 用，故选A。 考法二：连接词选择与语序结合 核心：根据从句类型及语法规则选择正确连接词，并确保名词性从句使用陈述语序 真题1（语法填空)： Could you tell me_the nearest post office-(be)?I need to send a letter. 答案：where is 解析：第一空引导宾语从句，询问地点用连接副词where:第二空从句需用陈述语序，主语the nearest post office后接谓语is。 真题2（单选题)： The teacher didn't tell us_we should do next. A.how B.what C.that D.if 答案：B 解析：从句中缺少do的宾语，需用连接代词what(表示”…的事情”)：how为连接副词不充当成 分，hat无意义不充当成分，f表”是否”不符合语境。 考法三：名词性从句引导词选择及时态一致 核心：根据从句类型和语境选择合适引导词，结合主句时态判断从句时态 真题1（单项选择)： She asked meI would go to the party with her tomorrow. A that B if C what D how 答案：B 解析：此处为宾语从句，根据语境”她问我是否会和她一起去派对”，表”是否”含义，应用引导词 高中句法人教版高中语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 f,符合宾语从句中f表”是否”的用法。 真题2（语法填空)： The teacher told us that the earth_(go)around the sun. 答案：goes 解析：此处为宾语从句，主句时态为一般过去时，但从句表述的是客观真理，根据时态规则中客观 真理例外原则，从句仍用一般现在时，主语the earth为第三人称单数，谓语动词用goes。 解题小妙招 连接词选择妙招 that无义不成分，what表物作成分； if/whether表是否，whether才与or not配； 名词性从句要注意，陈述语序是根基： 缺主宾表用wat,缺状就选副连词： 多空综合看三要素，连接词功能时态与语序。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.we will have a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.What 2.The teacher told us _the earth moves around the sun. A.if B.whether C.that D.what 3.I don't knowhe will come or not. A.if B.whether C.that D.how 4.-he said at the meeting surprised everyone present A.That B.What C.When D.Where 5.The problem is_we can solve it in such a short time. A.that B.if C.whether D.how 6.She asked meI had seen her keys. A.that B.if C.what D.which 7.-you have done is very important for us. A.That B.What C.Which D.How 8.I think necessary that we should learn English well. A.it B.that C.this D.what 6 高中句法人教版高中语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 9.The news_our team won the game made us excited. A.that B.what C.which D.when 10.He didn't tell me_he would come back. A.when B.that C.what D.if 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.Can you tell me_the nearest bank is? 2.she will attend the party is still unknown. 3.I wonderhe has finished his homework. 4.The facthe lied to us made us angry. 5.She asked me I could help her with her English. 6.-you said just now is very interesting. 7.It is important_we should protect the environment. 8.I don't know _to choose between the two books. 9.The question is-we can get enough money. 10.He made a promise-he would come back soon. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) It is known to all_(1)learning a foreign language is important.But many students wonder_(2)they can learn it well.Some think_(3)the key is to memorize as many words as possible,while others believe -(4)practicing speaking is more useful. Many teachers suggest-(5)students should listen to English every day.They also say_(6)it is necessary to read English articles regularly.However,the problem is_(7)some students don't have enough time to do these things. A recent study shows_(8)students who combine listening,speaking,reading and writing make greater progress.It also finds-(9)the most effective way is to use the language in real life.So,remember(10) practice makes perfect. 答案区 演练-：1.B2.C3B4.B5.D6B7B8.A9.A10.A 1.where 2.Whether 3.if/whether 4.that 5.if/whether 6.What 7.that 8.which 9.how/whether 10.that 演练三：1.that2how3.that4.that5.that6.that7.that8.that9.that10.that 7