句法 定语从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（人教版）

高中语法人教版 【句法专版】 定语从句全解 语法专版 定语从句系统讲解 人教版高中句法核心考点 考频分析 人教版高中句法中，定语从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心 题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子结 构的复杂性与逻辑性。在语境理解类题目中，定语从句的关系代词、关系副词选用及限制性与非限 制性定语从句的区分往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。关系词选用：关系代词(which、that、who、whom、whose)与关系副词(where、.when、why)的 指代对象及句法功能辨析 ·限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、语义差异及关系词选用限制（如tht、wy不 可用于非限定性定语从句) 。特殊用法：”介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择依据，as引导定语从句的固定句式（如as is known to all),以及先行词为不定代词/抽象名词时的关系词选用规则 知识点一：定语从句的构成及基本用法 1.定义（修饰名词/代词，补充信息） ·构成要素：先行词（被修饰的名词/代词）+关系词（连接主句和从句） 。例句：口I like the book which you lent me.(先行词the book,指物：关系词which)口This is the girl who helped me.(先行词the girl,指人：关系词who) 2.关系代词（指代先行词，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语） 1.指人：who(主语/宾语)、whom(宾语)、whose(定语) 例句：口The teacher who teaches us math is kind..(who作主语) 口The boy whom you met yesterday is my brother.(whon作宾语，可省略) 口This is the student whose pen was lost..(whose作定语) 高中语法人教版 【句法专版】 定语从句全解 2.指物：which(主语/宾语)、that（主语/宾语，可指人/物) 例句：口The desk which stands by the window is new.(which作主语) The story that he told me is interesting.(that作宾语，可省略) 3.关系副词（指代先行词，在从句中作状语） 1.when(时间状语，先行词为时间名词) 例句：I still remember the day when we first met. 2.where(地点状语，先行词为地点名词) 例句：This is the school where I studied. 3.why（原因状语，先行词为reason) 例句：Can you tell me the reason why you were late? 4.注意事项（关系词的省略与选择) 。省略规则：关系代词作宾语时可省略 例句：The movie(that/which)we watched last night was great. 。that特殊用法：先行词为不定代词(all/nothing等)或被最高级/序数词修饰时，用hat不用which 例句：口All that glitters is not gold.☐This is the first book that I bought myself. 知识点二：定语从句基础及应用 1.定语从句的定义及构成（修饰名词代词，补充信息） 1.核心要素 先行词（被修饰的名词/代词）、关系词（连接主句和从句，代替先行词） 2.基本结构 先行词+关系词+从句（关系词在从句中作成分） 例句： 口This is the book(that/which)I bought yesterday.(先行词the book,关系词that/which指代物，在从 句中作宾语) 口The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(先行词the girl,关系词who指代人，在从句中作 主语) 2.关系代词的用法（指人/物，作主语/宾语/定语） 1.指人：who/whom/that -who(作主语/宾语)：The teacher who teaches us math is very kind.(作主语) -whom(作宾语，可省略)：The boy(whom)we met yesterday is Tom.(作宾语) -that(可指人/物，作主语/宾语，口语中常用)：The man that helped me was a stranger.（指人，作主 语) 2 高中语法人教版 【句法专版】 定语从句全解 2.指物：which/that -which(作主语/宾语)：The car which is parked outside is new.(作主语) -that（可指物，作主语/宾语，避免与先行词which重复)：This is the pen that I lost.(作宾语) 3.whose(作定语，指人/物的”..的) 例句： 口This is the boy whose father is a doctor.(whose修饰father,指'男孩的父亲”) ☐I live in a house whose windows face south.(whose修饰windows,指'房子的窗户) 3.关系副词的用法（指时间地点/原因，作状语） 1.when（指时间，先行词为时间名词) 结构：先行词（时间）+when+从句(when在从句中作时间状语) 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school..(先行词the day,when指代时间，从句 意为”我第一次来这所学校的时候”) 2.where(指地点，先行词为地点名词) 结构：先行词（地点）+where+从句(where在从句中作地点状语) 例句：This is the park where we played last Sunday.（先行词the park,where指代地点，从句意为'我 们上周日玩的地方”) 3.why（指原因，先行词为reason) 结构：先行词(reason)+why+从句(why在从句中作原因状语) 例句：The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(先行词the reason,why指代原因，从句 意为”他迟到的原因) 4.定语从句的注意事项（关系词省略/只用that的情况) 1.关系词省略（关系代词作宾语时可省略） 例句： 口The book(that/which)I read yesterday is interesting.(that/which作read的宾语，可省略) ☐The girl(whom)you talked to is my classmate.(whom作to的宾语，可省略) 2.只用hat的情况（避免歧义或固定用法） -先行词被最高级/序数词修饰：This is the best film that I have ever seen. -先行词为al/everything/nothing等不定代词：Everything that he said is true. -先行词既有人又有物：I will never forget the people and places that I visited last year. 知识点三：定语从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句（中考核心） 1.wh0(指人，作主语/宾语) 例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister..(作主语) 高中语法人教版 【句法专版】 定语从句全解 2.whom(指人，作宾语) 例句：The teacher whom we met yesterday is very kind.（作宾语) 3.which（指物，作主语/宾语) 例句：This is the book which I bought last week.(作宾语) 4.that(指人/物，作主语/宾语，可替换who/which) 例句：He is the boy that helped me.(指人，作主语)/This is the pen that I lost.(指物，作宾语) 5.whose(指人/物，作定语) 例句：Do you know the girl whose hair is long?(指人)/This is the house whose windows are broken. (指物) 2.关系副词引导的定语从句（中考常考） 1.where（指地点，作状语) 例句：This is the school where I studied five years ago. 2.when(指时间，作状语) 例句：I still remember the day when we first met.. 3.why(指原因，作状语，先行词常为reason) 例句：That's the reason why he was late for class. 3.定语从句的特殊用法（中考易错） 1.介词+关系代词(which/whom) This is the room in which I lived last year.(=This is the room which I lived in last year.)/The man with whom she talked is my father.(The man whom she talked with is my father. 2.只用hat的情况（先行词为不定代词/最高级/序数词等） 例句：Everything that you said is true.(不定代词)/This is the best movie that I have ever seen.(最高 级) 3.省略关系代词（关系代词作宾语时) 例句：The book(which/hat)I read yesterday is very interesting. 考法精析 考法一：关系代词与关系副词的选择 核心：根据先行词类型及从句成分（主语/宾语/状语），选择正确的关系代词(who/which/that等) 或关系副词(when/where/why) 真题1（语法填空）： I still remember the day_we first met at the school gate. 4 高中语法人教版 【句法专版】 定语从句全解 答案：when 解析：先行词the day为时间名词，从句主干完整(we first met at the school gate),需用关系副词 when作时间状语。 真题2（完形填空）： The girl is standing under the tree is my best friend. A.which B.who C.whose D.where 答案：B 解析：先行词he girl指人，从句缺少主语，需用关系代词who作主语：which指物，whose作定语， where作状语，均不符合语境。 考法二：非限制性定语从句与”介词+关系代词”结构融合 核心：识别非限制性定语从句特征，结合从句中动词或形容词搭配的介词，选择”介词+关系代 词”结构（不可用hat,关系词不可省略） 真题1（语法填空）： Our English teacher,we often ask for help,is very patient with us. 答案：whom 解析：逗号隔开判断为非限制性定语从句，先行词teacher指人，从句中”ask for help”搭配介词 from,此处”from whom''结构中whom作介词from的宾语，不可用that且不可省略。 真题2（单项选择）： The house,-windows face south,is where I spent my childhood. A.whose B.which C.of which D.that 答案：C 解析：逗号隔开为非限制性定语从句，不可用hat:先行词house与windows为所属关系，'"the windows of the house'”转化为”of which windows'”,相当于”whose windows”,但选项中无whose正确搭配形 式，故用of which。 考法三：定语从句关系词综合选择与结构辨析 核心：结合先行词类型（人/物/时间/地点/原因）、从句成分（主语/宾语/状语）及特殊规则（如分 隔结构、复合先行词)，选择正确关系词并区分定语从句与强调句。 真题1（单项选择）： The girlis standing under the tree is my sister.She bought a book-tells interesting stories yesterday. A.who which B.whom that C.which who D.that where 高中语法人教版 【句法专版】 定语从句全解 答案：A 解析：第一空先行词"the girl''指人，从句中”is standing'”缺主语，用who:第二空先行词”a book' 指物，从句中”tells'”缺主语，用which/that,选项中A符合。 真题2（语法填空）： I still remember the day_we visited the museum一was built in 1:980.(每空限填一词) 答案：when which/that 解析：第一空先行词'the day”表示时间，从句中不缺主干成分，用关系副词when作时间状语；第 二空先行词'the museum'”指物，从句中”was built''缺主语，用关系代词which/that。 解题小妙招 定语从句解题妙招 先行词类型先判断，人用who/whom,物用which/that: 从句成分是关键，缺主宾用代词，不缺成分用副词： 时间用when地点where,.原因why紧跟reason: 非限制性有逗号，hat不用要记牢： 介词加代词结构，代词宾格不可少： 所属关系whose替，of which也能表； 综合应用看标点，逗号隔开是非限： 特殊先行找规则，准确选择不犯难。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.This is the museum-we visited last summer. A.where B.which C.who D.whose 2.The girlhair is black is from China. A.whom B.which C.whose D.who 3.I still remember the time_we studied together in college. A.when B.that C.which D.where 4.He is the only student in our class_has won the first prize. A.whom B.which C.who D.what 5.The novel,_was written by a famous writer,has been translated into 20 languages. A.that B.which C.who D.what 6.This is the reason he refused to attend the meeting. A.why B.which C.when D.where 6 高中语法人教版 【句法专版】 定语从句全解 7.The house_windows are broken needs to be repaired immediately. A.which B.of which C.that D.what 8.We visited the factorycars are made. A.which B.where C.when D.whom 9.As is known to all,the earth is a planet-goes around the sun A.who B.where C.that D.what 10.The days are gonewe had to rely on letters to communicate. A.that B.when C.which D.why 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The man_you met at the party yesterday is my uncle. 2.This is the park_we used to play basketball when we were kids. 3.I can't find the book cover is blue 4.The reason_she was absent from class is still unknown. 5.He told me a story,-made me laugh for hours. 6.The cityI was born has changed a lot in recent years. 7.This is the first English song-I learned by heart. 8.The girl with you talked just now is our monitor. 9.All glitters is not gold. 10.We will never forget the days we spent together in the countryside. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Dear Tom, I'm writing to share my experience in the small town-I lived last summer.The town,-is surrounded by mountains,has a history of over 500 years.The local people,-are friendly and honest,often invite visitors to their homes. One day,I visited an old library_I found many ancient books.The librarian,-I asked for help,told me about a special book-pages were written in traditional Chinese.He also mentioned the story_this book was discovered.It was hidden in a wall during a war,-saved it from being destroyed. The most unforgettable part was the night_we watched the stars on the top of the mountain.Everyone was quiet,enjoying the peaceful moment_would stay in our memories forever. Best wishes, LiHua 7 高中语法人教版 【句法专版】 定语从句全解 参考答案 演练-：1.B2.C3.A4.C5B6.A7B8B9.C10B 演练二： 1.(whom/that/who)2.where 3.whose 4.why 5.which 6.where 7.that 8.whom 9.that 10.(that/which) 演练三： 1.where 2.which 3.who 4.where 5.whom 6.whose 7.how 8.which 9.when 10.that/which