基础动词用法 谓语动词分类系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（人教版）

高中基础动词用法人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】谓语动词分类系统讲解 高中基础动词用法人教版 考频分析 人教版高中基础动词用法中，谓语动词分类系统讲解是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的20%左 右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心 考察，直接影响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，动词的时态、语态及词义辨析往往是 解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词分类深化：系动词（状态类、感官类、变化类）的语义辨析与主谓一致：实义动词及物与不及 物的区分及搭配；情态动词(can/may/must/.should/will/would等)的推测用法与虚拟语气表达；助 动词(do/does/did/have/has/had/will/would等)在强调句、疑问句及时态构成中的功能 。时态与语态拓展：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、 过去完成时、将来完成时的时态标志词识别与语境判断，主动语态与被动语态在不同时态中的转换 及主谓一致 。特殊句式中的谓语：倒装句、强调句、省略句中谓语动词的形式与位置：主从复合句（状语从句、 宾语从句、定语从句)中谓语动词的时态呼应（如主将从现、时态一致等） 知识点一：动词的分类及基础用法 1.系动词（无实义，后接表语） 。常见类型：be动词(am/is/are/was/were)、感官动词(look/sound/taste/smell/feel)、变化类动词 (become/get/turn/grow) ·例句： l.The cake tastes sweet.(感官系动词，后接形容词作表语) 2.He became a doctor last year.(变化类系动词，后接名词作表语) 2.实义动词（有具体含义，可独立作谓语） 。及物动词（后接宾语）：eat(吃)、visit(参观)→例句：She visited her grandparents yesterday. 高中基础动词用法人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·不及物动词（不接宾语，或需加介词后接宾语）：un(跑)、listen(听)→例句：He runs fast./ She listens to music every evening 3.情态动词（表语气，后接动词原形） ·常见情态动词：can/could(能力/许可)、may/might(许可/推测)、must/have to(必须)、should (建议) ·例句： 1.You can borrow this book from the library.(表能力) 2.He must finish his homework before9p.m.(表必须) 4.助动词（无实义，辅助构成时态/语态/疑问句) ·常见助动词：do/does/did(辅助实义动词构成疑问句/否定句)、be(辅助构成进行时/被动语 态)、have/has(辅助构成完成时) ·例句： 1.Do you like English?(do辅助构成一般现在时疑问句) 2.They have finished their homework.(have辅助构成现在完成时) 知识点二：谓语动词分类及用法 1.实义动词（有具体动作意义，可独立作谓语） 1.及物动词（后需接宾语) ·常见动词：love(爱)、eat(吃)、teach(教)、buy(买) ·例句： l.She loves music.(love后接宾语music) 2.They bought a new car last month.(bought后接宾语a new car) 2.不及物动词（后不接宾语，或需加介词后接宾语) 。常见动词：un(跑)、arrive(到达)、listen(听)、happen(发生) ·例句： 1.The children are running fast.(un后无宾语) 2.We arrived at the station at7p.m.(arrive后加介词at,再接宾语the station) 2.系动词（连接主语和表语，无实际动作意义） l.状态系动词：be(am/is/are/was/were) 。例句： l.He is a teacher.(is连接主语he和表语a teacher) 高中基础动词用法人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.They were happy yesterday.(were连接主语they和表语happy) 2.感官系动词：look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、feel(摸起来) ·例句： l.The flower looks beautiful..(look后接形容词beautiful作表语) 2.The music sounds great.（sound后接形容词great作表语) 3.变化系动词：become(变得)、get(变得)、um(变成)、grow(变得) 。例句： l.It becomes cold in winter.(become后接形容词cold) 2.The leaves turn yellow in autumn.(tum后接形容词yellow) 3.助动词（辅助实义动词构成时态、语态或疑问/否定句，无实际意义） 1.协助构成时态：be(am/is/are/was/were)用于进行时，have/has/had用于完成时，wil/shall用于将来 时 ·例句： l.She is reading a book.(is协助构成现在进行时) 2.They have finished homework.(have协助构成现在完成时) 2.协助构成被动语态：be(am/is/are/was/were/been) ·例句：The letter was written by Tom.(was协助构成一般过去时被动语态) 3.协助构成疑问/否定句：do/does/did 。例句： 1.Do you like English?(do协助构成一般现在时疑问句) 2.He didn't go to school yesterday.(didn't协助构成一般过去时否定句) 4.情态动词（表示能力、许可、推测等语气，后接动词原形） 1.基本用法： ·常见情态动词：can(能)、may(可以)、must(必须)、should(应该)、would(将要/愿意) 。例句： 1.I can swim.(can表示能力) 2.You may leave now.(may表示许可) 3.We must study hard.(must表示必须) 2.否定式：直接在情态动词后加not(can→can't,may→nay not,.must→must't) 。例句： 3 高中基础动词用法人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.You can't park here.(can't表示不允许) 2.He mustn't be late.(mustn't表示禁止) 3.疑问式：将情态动词提到主语前 ·例句： l.May I come in?(may提到主语I前构成疑问句) 2.Should we go now?(should提到主语we前构成疑间句) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo(不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。afford to do(负担得起做)→例句：We can afford to buy a new car.. 。agree to do(同意做)→例句：She agrees to help me with my project. 。choose to do(选择做)→例句：He chooses to study math instead of history. 。fail to do(未能做)一→例句：I failed to pass the exam last time ·happen to do(碰巧做)→例句：I happened to meet my old friend in the park ●offer to do(主动提出做)一→例句：He offers to carry the heavy box for me. ·prepare to do(准备做)→例句：They prepare to have a picnic next Sunday. ●refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：She refuses to tell me the secret. ◆seem to do(似乎做)→例句：He seems to know the answer. ●wait to do(等待做)→例句：We wait to buy the tickets for the concert. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： 。ask sb.not to do(要求某人不要做)一例句：The teacher asks us not to talk in class. 。tell sb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)→例句：My mother tells me not to eat too much candy. 。warn sb.not to do(警告某人不要做)→例句：The police warn drivers not to drive after drinking 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·consider doing(考虑做)→例句：I consider going to Beijing for vacation. 。delay doing(推迟做)→例句：They delay having the meeting until next week ·feel like doing(想要做)→例句：Do you feel like eating out tonight? ·give up doing(放弃做)→例句：He gives up playing computer games. 4 高中基础动词用法人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。imagine doing(想象做)→例句：I imagine flying in the sky like a bird. ◆keep on doing(继续做)→例句：He keeps on working although he is tired. 。miss doing（错过做)→例句：I miss seeing the movie last night,. ●postpone doing(推迟做)→例句：They postpone holding the party because of the rain, ◆risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risks losing his job by speaking out. ·suggest doing(建议做)→例句：The doctor suggests taking more exercise.. 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 。can't help doing（忍不住做)→例句：Ican't help laughing when I see the funny picture. 。be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：She is busy preparing for the exam. 。spend money doing(花费金钱做)→例句：He spends200 yuan buying the new book, 3.done(过去分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·get done(a被…)→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday. 。have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month ●see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：I see the window cleaned by the boy. 。hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：She hears the song sung in English. 。make sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：He makes his voice heard by everyone. 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考)： 。be covered with(被…覆盖)→例句：The ground is covered with snow in winter. ·be filled with(被…充满)→例句：The bottle is filled with water. 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作宾语的类型判断 核心：根据动词或介词后的固定搭配，判断应使用不定式(todo)还是动名词(doig)作宾语 真题1（语法填空)： She decided(study)abroad next year. 答案：to study 解析：decide为固定接不定式作宾语的动词，“decide to do sth.”表示“决定做某事”，故填to study。 真题2（完形填空）： He enjoys_(play)basketball with his friends after school. 高中基础动词用法人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 答案：C 解析：enjoy为固定接动名词作宾语的动词，“enjoy doing sth.”表示“喜欢做某事”，故填playing。 考法二：谓语动词与非谓语动词的混合辨析 核心：区分句中谓语动词和非谓语动词的语法功能，根据语境选择正确的动词形式（谓语体现时 态/语态/情态，非谓语使用todo/doing/,done形式) 真题1（语法填空）： _(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful. 答案：Seen 解析：句中已有谓语动词looks,设空处需用非谓语动词：主语the city与see为被动关系，且“被 看”的动作先于谓语动作looks发生，故用过去分词Seen作状语。 真题2（短文改错)： We should practice speak English every day to improve our oral skills 答案：speak-→speaking 解析：practice后需接动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配practice doing sth.,故将speak改为speaking (speaking为非谓语动词，作宾语；should practice为谓语动词，体现情态和时态)。 考法三：谓语动词与非谓语动词的辨析及应用 核心：区分谓语动词（受主语限制，有时态/语态变化）和非谓语动词(todo/doing/done形式，不 能独立作谓语)，掌握两者在语境中的正确使用。 真题1（单项选择）： He often practices English in the morning.It helps himbetter. A.speak;learn B.speaking;learn C.speak;to learn D.speaking;to learn 答案：B 解析：第一空“practice”后接动名词作宾语，用“speaking”(非谓语动词)：第二空“help”后接 不带to的不定式作宾补，用“leam”(非谓语动词)。句中“practices”为谓语动词，体现一般现在 时第三人称单数形式。 真题2（语法填空)： -(listen)to music makes her happy.She wants(share)this feeling with others. 答案：Listening;to share 解析：第一空“Listening”为动名词作主语（非谓语动词）：第二空“want”后接不定式作宾语，用 “to share'”(非谓语动词)。句中“makes”为谓语动词，体现一般现在时第三人称单数形式。 6 高中基础动词用法人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 解题小妙招 非谓语动词妙招 非谓作宾看搭配，动词介词后接啥： decide hope接todo,enjoy practice要doing: 主谓宾定状补位，非谓功能细分辨： 谓语时态语态显，非谓形式看关系： 主动doing被动done,动作先后having done: 不定式表将来目的，并列省略o莫忘记。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.She hopes the piano competition next month A.win B.to win C.winning D.won 2.-English every morning is a good way to improve your skills. A.Read B.To read C.Reading D.Reads 3.The girl in the classroom is my best friend. A.sing B.singing C.to sing D.sung 4.He was made_the work again because of his carelessness. A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 5.My parents don't allow meout late on school nights. A.go B.to go C.going D.went 6.-the film twice,she still wants to watch it again. A.Seeing B.To see C.Seen D.Having seen 7.We should practiceEnglish as much as possible A.speak B.to speak C.speaking D.spoken 8.It is necessary for ushard for the coming exam. A.study B.to study C.studying D.studied 9.The teacher entered the room,_a book in her hand A.hold B.holding C.to hold D.held 10.I saw himthe street when I passed by. A.cross B.crossing C.to cross D.crossed 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He decided(visit)his grandparents next weekend. 7 高中基础动词用法人教版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.(swim)is one of my favorite sports. 3.The girl hopes(become)a doctor in the future. 4.I am interested in_(learn)about different cultures. 5.He got up early(catch)the first bus. 6.The novel(write)by Lu Xun is very popular 7.My mother asked me_(clean)my room before dinner. 8.(finish)his homework,he went to bed. 9.We enjoy(play)basketball after school. 10.It is important for students(develop)good study habits. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Learning English well is important for students.Here are some useful tips.First,try (read)English articles every day.This helps you_(improve)your reading skills.Second,don't be afraid_(speak) English in public.Practice_(talk)with others,and you will make progress.Third,remember(review) new words regularly.(memorize)words without review is useless. Last week,I met a foreigner on the street.I wanted_(communicate)with him,but I was too shy.He smiled at me and said,"Don't worry.Just try!"His words encouraged me_(open)my mouth.We talked for 10 minutes,and I felt very happy. Now,I know the key to learning English is-(practice)as much as possible.-(learn)a language requires patience and hard work. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3B4B5.B6D7.C8B9.B10.B 1.to visit 2.Swimming 3.to become 4.learning 5.to catch 6.written 7.to clean 8.Having finished 9.playing 10.to develop 1.to read 2.(to)improve 3.to speak 4.talking 5.to review 6.Memorizing 7.to communicate 8.to open 9.practicing 10.Learning 8