基础动词用法 非谓语动词分类系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（人教版）

高中人教版高中语法全解 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 语法专项 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 人教版高中语法全解 考频分析 人教版高中基础动词用法中，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试 卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-2题、书面表达核心考察，直接 影响句子多样性与高级感。在语境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择、逻辑主语及固定搭配往 往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·形式与句法功能：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done)作主 语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法辨析 ·逻辑关系与语态：非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主动/被动关系，不定式的一般式(todo)、进行式(to be doing)、完成式(to have done)及被动式(to be done)的语境应用 。固定搭配与语义区分：接不定式与动名词的动词/短语固定搭配（如want to do,enjoy doing),不定 式表目的/结果与分词表伴随/原因的语义差异 知识点一：非谓语动词的分类及基础用法 1.动词不定式（(t0+动词原形，有时省略to) 1.功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 2.例句： ·To learn English well is important..(作主语) ·He wants to go shopping.(作宾语) ●Her job is to teach.(作表语) 。I have a book to read.(作定语) 。She came here to see me..(作目的状语) 。My mother asked me to clean the room.(作宾语补足语) 1 高中人教版高中语法全解 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 2.动名词（动词原形+ing,具有名词性质） 1.功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 2.例句： ·Swimming is good for health.(作主语) ·He enjoys playing basketball..(作宾语) 。His hobby is collecting stamps.(作表语) 。There is a swimming pool in our school..(作定语) 3.分词（分为现在分词和过去分词） 1.现在分词（动词原形+ing,表主动、进行） 。功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 ·例句： 1.The running boy is my brother..(作定语) 2.She sat there reading a book.(作状语) 3.The story is interesting.(作表语) 4.I saw him playing football.(作宾语补足语) 2.过去分词（动词-ed形式，表被动、完成） ·功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 。例句： l.The broken window needs repairing.(作定语) 2.Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(作状语) 3.The cup is broken.(作表语) 4.I had my hair cut yesterday.（作宾语补足语) 知识点二：非谓语动词分类及用法 1.动词不定式(to+动词原形，有时省略o) 1.功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 2.结构及例句： 。作主语：To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要) ·作宾语：She wants to go shopping..（她想去购物) 。作宾语补足语：My mother asks me to finish homework first..(妈妈让我先完成作业) 高中人教版高中语法全解 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 。省略to的情况：let/make/have sb.do sth.(让某人做某事)，如He made me laugh.(他让我笑了) 2.动名词（动词原形+-ing,具有名词性质） 1.功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 2.结构及例句： ·作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康) ·作宾语：I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书) ●固定搭配：be good at doing sth.(擅长做某事)，give up doing sth.(放弃做某事)，如She is good at singing.(她擅长唱歌) 3.现在分词（动词原形+-ing,表主动或进行） 1.功能：作定语、状语、宾语补足语 2.结构及例句： ·作定语：a running boy(一个正在跑步的男孩)，interesting books（有趣的书) ·作状语：He sat there,.reading a newspaper..(他坐在那里看报纸，表伴随) ·作宾语补足语：I heard her singing in the room.(我听见她在房间里唱歌) 4.过去分词（动词原形+-ed或不规则变化，表被动或完成） 1.功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 2.结构及例句： ·作定语：a broken window(一扇破窗户)，boiled water(开水) ·作表语：The door is closed..(门是关着的) ·作宾语补足语：I found the door locked.（我发现门锁了) 。作状语：Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(从山上看，这座城市很美，表被动) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo（不定式) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： I.prepare to do(准备做)→例句：They prepare to have a picnic next Sunday. 2.offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to help me carry the books. 3.seem to do(似乎做)→例句：She seems to know the answer 高中人教版高中语法全解 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 4.forget to do(忘记去做)→例句：Don't forget to turn off the lights. 5.remember to do(记得去做)→例句：Remember to buy some milk on your way home. 6.agree to do(同意做)→例句：My parents agree to take me to the zoo. 7.refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：He refuses to tell me the secret. 8.promise to do(承诺做)→例句：She promises to come on time. 9.help sb.todo(帮助某人做)→例句：I help my mother to wash the dishes. l0.wish to do(希望做)→例句：I wish to travel around the world. 特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： l.ask sb.not to do(要求某人不要做)→例句：The teacher asks us not to talk in class. 2.tellsb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)→例句：My father tells me not to play computer games too late. 3.would like to do(想要做)→例句：I would like to drink some water. 2.doing（动名词/现在分词) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 1.feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream now. 2.give up doing(放弃做)→例句：He gives up playing video games.. 3.keep on doing(继续做)→例句：She keeps on studying even when she is tired. 4.think about doing(考虑做)一例句：I am thinking about buying a new bike. 5.prevent sb.from doing(阻止某人做)→例句：The heavy rain prevents us from going out. 6.stop sb.from doing(阻止某人做)一→例句：My mother stops me from watching TV. 7.be busy doing(忙于做)一例句：They are busy preparing for the exam. 8.consider doing(考虑做)→例句：He is considering moving to a new city. 9.suggest doing(建议做)→例句：She suggests going for a walk after dinner. l0.be worth doing(值得做)→例句：The movie is worth watching. 固定短语搭配（中考常考）： l.have fun doing(做某事很开心)→例句：We have fun playing games together,. 2.be tired of doing(厌倦做)→例句：He is tired of listening to the same song. 3.can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句：Ican't help laughing when I see the funny picture 3.done（过去分词) 4 高中人教版高中语法全解 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 1.get sth.done(使某事被做)一→例句：I get my hair cut every month. 2.have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：My father has his car repaired. 3.see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：I see the window broken, 4.hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：I hear the song sung in English. 5.find sth.done(发现某事被做)→例句：She finds her homework finished. 特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： 1.be interested in done(无此搭配，仅为格式示例，实际应为be interested in doing)→例句：（此 处无正确例句，仅作结构展示) 2.be surprised at done(无此搭配，仅为格式示例，实际应为be surprised at doing)→例句：（此处 无正确例句，仅作结构展示) 3.be excited about done(无此搭配，仅为格式示例，实际应为be excited about doing)→例句：（此 处无正确例句，仅作结构展示) 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作定语的用法辨析 核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的主被动关系及动作时间，选择不定式、现在分词或过去分词 作定语 真题1（语法填空）： I have a lot of homework-(do)this evening. 答案：todo 解析：不定式作定语表将来未完成的动作，homework与do为逻辑动宾关系，用主动形式表被动含 义 真题2（完形填空）： The_(fall)leaves covered the whole ground in autumn A.fall B.falling C.fallen D.to fall 答案：C 解析：过去分词作定语表完成，fallen leaves表示“已经落下的叶子”，强调动作完成的状态 考法二：非谓语动词作定语时的时态语态辨析 核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的主被动关系及动作发生时间，选择正确的非谓语动词形式 (不定式、现在分词、过去分词及其时态语态变化) 真题1（语法填空)： 5 高中人教版高中语法全解 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 The building_(build)last year is our new library. 答案：built 解析：名词“building”与非谓语动词“build”是被动关系，且动作“去年被建造”己完成，用过去 分词表被动和完成，故填built。 真题2（单项选择)： Do you have anything_(buy)in the supermarket? A.to buy B.buying C.bought D.to be bought 答案：A 解析：句中“anything”与“buy”是逻辑上的动宾关系，但此处表示“你有东西要去买”，即主语 “you”是“buy”的逻辑主语，不定式用主动形式表被动含义，故填to buy。 考法三：非谓语动词作定语的用法辨析 核心：根据被修饰词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作状态（进行完成/将来），区分 不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的用法 真题1（单项选择)： I have a lot of homework_tonight. A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 答案：B 解析：此处需用非谓语动词作定语修饰homework,“作业”与“做”是逻辑上的被动关系，但不定 式作定语时表将来或未完成的动作，符合“今晚要做的作业”这一语境，故选B。 真题2（语法填空)： The girl_(read)a storybook in the classroom is my best friend. 答案：reading 解析：句中已有谓语动词s,需用非谓语动词作定语修饰gl。“女孩”与“读”是主动关系，且表 示正在进行的动作，故用现在分词reading。 解题小妙招 非谓语作定妙招 主谓关系用现分，动宾关系看情况： 动作未发用不定，主动形式表被动： 动作已完用过分，强调状态很关键： 被修饰词是逻辑主，主动形式来使用： 被修饰词是逻辑宾，被动形式要记牢。 非谓时态语态妙招 动作先后看时间，先于谓语用完成： 同时进行用进行，一般情况用一般： 6 高中人教版高中语法全解 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 主动关系直接用，被动关系加“ed”: 不定被动“to be done”,现分被动“being done”: 完成被动“having been done”,牢记形式别混淆。 固定搭配妙招 动词搭配要记清，to do doing分分明： admit enjoy后接doing,promise decide to do跟； forget接todo表未做，接doing表已发生： lead to中to是介词，后接doing不能变： 结合语境辨含义，固定结构记心间。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The teacher asked the students_quiet during the exam. A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.kept 2.-English every day is a good way to improve your language skills. A.Practise B.To practise C.Practising D.Practised 3.The novel_by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 4.He seems in the room now because the light is on A.to study B.studying C.to be studying D.studied 5.-the early bus,he got up at 5:00 a.m. A.Catch B.To catch C.Catching D.Caught 6.I remember_him somewhere before,but I can'trecall his name. A.meet B.to meet C.meeting D.met 7.-for three hours,they decided to take a break. A.Working B.Having worked C.Worked D.To work 8.The children were heard-happily in the garden when I passed by. A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sung 9.This is the first time I such a beautiful sunset. A.see B.to see C.seeing D.have seen 10.The problem_at the meeting yesterday is still under discussion A.being raised B.raising C.to be raised D.raised 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 7 高中人教版高中语法全解 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 1.She hopes_(become)a doctor when she grows up. 2.(read)aloud in the morning helps improve pronunciation. 3.The girl_(wear)a red dress is my classmate 4.I'm sorry(trouble)you,but could you help me carry this box? 5.(not know)his address,I couldn't send him the invitation. 6.He spent two hours(finish)his homework last night 7.The house(build)in 1990 needs to be repaired now. 8.My parents often encourage me_(study)hard. 9.(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful. 10.I have a lot of books (read)during the summer vacation. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） A group of students decided_(organize)a charity event to help children in need.They started by_ (collect)donations from local businesses.(inspire)by their teacher's support,they worked day and night_(prepare)for the event.One student suggested_(sell)hand-made crafts,while another proposed (hold)a talent show. On the day of the event,many people came(watch)and donate.A famous singer even volunteered (perform)for free,which attracted more visitors.By the end of the day,they had raised over 10,000 yuan. (realize)their goal,the students felt proud of_(achieve)something meaningful.They promised_ (continue)their efforts to help others in the future. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3.C4.C5B6.C7.B8.C9.D10.D 1.to become 2.Reading 3.wearing 4.to trouble 5.Not knowing 6.finishing 7.built 8.to study 9.Seen 10.to read 1.to organize 2.collecting 3.Inspired 4.to prepare 5.selling 6.holding 7.to watch 8.to perform 9.Having realized 10.to continue P