基础动词用法 情态动词系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 语法精讲 【专题】情态动词系统讲解 冀教版高中英语语法全全解 考频分析 冀教版高中英语基础动词用法中，情态动词是重要语法点，考频占动词法总量的15%左右，涉及 试卷多个核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察，直 接影响语气表达与语境适配。在语境理解类题目中，情态动词的推测用法、虚拟语气及词义辨析往 往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本词义辨析：can/could、may/might、.must/have to、shal/should、wil/would、need/dare的核心语 义与语气强弱对比 ·推测用法：对现在、过去、将来情况推测的情态动词+动词原形have done结构及反义疑问句搭配 。特殊用法：情态动词表能力、许可、义务、意愿、必要性的语境匹配，以及need/dare的半情态动词 属性（既可接todo也可直接加动词原形） 知识点一：情态动词系统讲解 1.情态动词的定义与特点（表语气，后接动词原形） 1.核心特征 ·本身无实义，不能独立作谓语，需与动词原形构成谓语 。无人称和数的变化（除have to) 。例句： 1.She can speak three languages.(can后接原形speak) 2.They must follow the rules.(must后接原形follow) 2.常见情态动词的基本用法 1.can/could(能力/许可/推测)： 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 。I can swim across the river.(能力) ·Could I use your phone?(委婉许可) ●This could be the right answer.(可能性推测) 2.nay/might（许可/推测)： ●You may leave now.(许可) 。It might rain tomorrow.(较低可能性推测) 3.must/have to(必须/不得不)： ●We must wear uniforms at school.（主观必须) ·She has to work late today.(客观不得不，有人称变化) 4.should/ought to(建议/义务)： ·You should study harder..(建议) ●We ought to help the poor..(义务) 3.情态动词的否定形式 1.直接加not: ●can→can't,must-→mustn't,should-一→shouldn't ·例句： 1.You can't park here.（禁止) 2.He shouldn't eat too much sugar.(不应该) 4.情态动词表推测的用法区别 1.肯定推测： ●must(一定)>may(可能)>night/could(或许) 。例句： 1.The light is on,so he must be at home..(极肯定) 2.She may come to the party.(不确定) 2.否定推测： 。can't(不可能) ●例句：He can't be in Beijing now.(有把握否定) 知识点二：情态动词基本用法及常见搭配 l.can/could（能力、许可、推测) 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 1.基础含义： ·cn:表示“能、会”（能力）：“可以”（许可，口语中常用）：“可能”（推测，用于否定句/疑问句） 。could:can的过去式，表过去能力：也可表委婉请求（此时could无过去含义） 2.常用结构： 。肯定句：主语+can/could+动词原形 ●否定句：主语+can't/couldn't+动词原形 。疑问句：Can/Could+主语+动词原形？ 3.例句： 。I can speak English.(能力：我会说英语。) ·You can go now.(许可：你现在可以走了。) ·It can't be true.(推测：这不可能是真的。) 。Could you help me?(委婉请求：你能帮我吗？) ·She could swim when she was five.(过去能力：她五岁时就会游泳了。) 2.may/might(许可、推测) 1.基础含义： 。my:表示“可以”（许可，较正式）：“可能”（推测，常用于肯定句） ●might:may的过去式，表过去许可；也可表推测，可能性比may小 2.常用结构 。肯定句：主语+may/might+动词原形 。否定句：主语+may not/might not+动词原形（注意：may not表示“不可以”，might not表示 “可能不”) ·疑问句：May+主语+动词原形？（表请求许可，night一般不用于疑问句表请求） 3.例句： ·You may come in.(许可：你可以进来。) 。It may rain tomorrow.(推测：明天可能会下雨。) ·She might not agree.(推测：她可能不会同意。) ·May I use your pen?(请求许可：我可以用你的钢笔吗？) 3.must/have to(必须、肯定推测) 1.基础含义： 。ust:表示“必须”（主观义务）：“一定”（肯定推测，语气强) 3 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 。have to:表示“不得不”（客观需要，有人称、时态变化，过去式为had to) 2.常用结构： ●must肯定句：主语+nust+动词原形 ●must否定句：主语+nustn't+动词原形（表“禁止”，而非“不必"） 。“不必”表达：主语+needn't/don't have to+动词原形 ●have to:主语+have/has/had to+动词原形 3.例句： ·You must finish your homework first.(主观必须：你必须先完成作业。) 。He must be at home..(肯定推测：他一定在家。) ·You mustn't smoke here.(禁止：你不许在这里抽烟。) 。You needn't come early.(不必：你不必早来。) 。She has to work on weekends.(客观需要：她周末不得不工作。) 4.need/had better(需要、建议) 1.need用法： ·作情态动词（多用于否定句/疑问句）：主语+needn't+动词原形（不必）：Need+主语+动词原 形？（需要吗？） ·作实义动词（可用于各种句式）：主语+need to do sth.(需要做某事)：主语+need sth.(需要某 物) 2.had better用法： ·结构：主语+had better+动词原形（最好做某事）：主语+had better not+动词原形（最好不要 做某事) 3.例句： ·You needn't wait for me.(情态动词：你不必等我。) ·Does he need to go now?(实义动词：他现在需要走吗？) ●We need more time.(实义动词：我们需要更多时间。) 。You had better go to bed early.(建议：你最好早点睡觉。) 。You had better not play computer games too late.（建议否定：你最好不要玩电脑游戏太晚。) 5.should/ought to(应该、建议) 1.基础含义： ·should:表示“应该”（责任、义务或建议) 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 ·ought to:与should含义相近，语气稍正式，结构为“ought to+动词原形” 2.常用结构： ·肯定句：主语+should/ought to+动词原形 ·否定句：主语+shouldn't/ought not to+动词原形 ·疑问句：Should+主语+动词原形？ 3.例句： ●You should study hard.(建议：你应该努力学习。) ·We ought to help each other.（义务：我们应该互相帮助。) 。You shouldn't talk in class.(否定建议：你不应该在课堂上说话。) 。Should I tell him the truth?(疑问建议：我应该告诉他真相吗？) 知识点三：情态动词 1.基础含义与用法（中考必背） l.can(能/会)→例句：She can speak three languages. 2.may(可以/何能)一→例句：You may leave the room now. 3.must（必须/一定)→例句：We must follow the school rules. 4.must(必须/一定)→例句：We must follow the school rules.. 5.should(应该)→例句：You should eat more vegetables. 6.will(将要/愿意)→例句：I will help you with your English 7.would(将要/愿意，will的过去式)→例句：He said he would come. 8.need(需要)→例句：You need finish your homework first. 9.dare(敢)→例句：She dare not go out alone at night, 2.否定形式（中考核心) 1.can→can't(不能)→例句：Ican't swim across the river. 2.may->may not(不可以)→例句：You may not park here. 3.must→nustn't(禁止)→例句：You mustn't smoke in public 4.should-→shouldn't(不应该)→例句：You shouldn't be late for class. 5.wil→won't(不会)→例句：He won't agree with your idea. 6.need→needn't(不必)→例句：You needn't come so early. 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 3.疑问形式与回答（中考常考） 1.Can you.?→Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.→例句：一Can you ride a bike?-Yes,Ican. 2.MayI.?→Yes,you may../No,you may not.→例句：-May I borrow your pen?-Yes,you may. 3.Must I..?→Yes,you must../No,you needn't.→例句：Must I hand in my homework today?-No,you needn't. 4.Should we.?→Yes,we should./No,we shouldn't.→例句：一Should we help the old man?-Yes,we should. 4.推测用法（中考易错) 1.must(一定，肯定)一例句：He must be at home now 2.may/might(可能)→例句：She may come to the party tonight. 3.can't(不可能)→例句：That can't be true. 考法精析 考法一：情态动词表推测的用法区别 核心：根据语境判断推测的肯定程度或否定含义，选择正确的情态动词(must/may/might/can't)及 对应形式 真题1（语法填空）： The ground is all wet.It_(rain)last night. 答案：must have rained 解析：由“地面全湿了”这一语境可对过去情况进行极肯定推测，用“must+have done”结构，rain 的过去分词为rained。 真题2（单项选择)： -Is Tom in the classroom now? -He be there.I saw him go to the library just now. A.mustn't B.may not C.can't D.needn't 答案：C 解析：由“刚看见他去图书馆”可知对“他现在在教室”进行有把握否定推测，应用can't(不可 能)。mustn't表禁止，may not表可能不，needn't表不必，均不符合语境。 考法二：情态动词与非谓语动词结合 核心：根据语境判断情态动词后接的非谓语动词形式，区分表推测、虚拟语气等用法中情态动词与 非谓语的搭配 真题1（语法填空）： 6 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 She might_(finish)her homework already,but I'm not sure. 答案：have finished 解析：由语境“不确定她是否已经完成作业”及“already”可知，是对过去情况的推测，情态动词 might表推测时后接have done,finish的过去分词为finished。 真题2（单项选择)： You shouldmore attention to the teacher carefully in class. A.pay;listen to B.pay,listening to C.to pay,listening to D.to pay,listen to 答案：B 解析：情态动词should后接动词原形，故第一空用pay;“pay attention to”中to为介词，后接动名 词作宾语，listen to的动名词形式为listening to,所以选B。 考法三：情态动词表推测及虚拟语气综合应用 核心：结合语境区分情态动词对现在/过去情况的推测(must/may/might/can't+do/have done),掌握 should have done等虚拟语气用法 真题1（单项选择)： The ground is all wet.Itrained heavily last night A.must have B.might have C.can have D.should have 答案：A 解析：根据“地面全湿了”的语境，对过去情况进行肯定推测，用must have done(一定做过)，符 合“极肯定”语气；might have done表“可能做过”可能性较弱，此处证据明确故用must have。. 真题2（语法填空）： You_(tell)me the news earlier.I missed the chance to prepare for it. 答案：should have told 解析：根据“错过准备机会”可知，此处表达“本应该做但未做”，用虚拟语气should have done结 构，tell的过去分词为told。 解题小妙招 情态动词解题妙招 推测用法看语境，肯定must否cant,may might不确定； 过去推测加完成，must may might have done; 情态动词后接原，虚拟should可省略： 非谓搭配要记牢，to为介词跟doing,have sth done表被动； 固定句型需注意，It's adj to do真正主。 7 高中冀教版 【语法专版】基础动词用法 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The door is locked.He have gone out for a walk. A.must B.may C.can't D.needn't 2.-I borrow your dictionary for a moment? —Sure,you-· A.Could;could B.Might;might C.Could;can D.Must;needn't 3.Youhave told her the news yesterday.She was very upset when she heard it today. A.should B.should have C.must D.must have 4.I heard him-the song in the next room.He has a beautiful voice. A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sung 5.Remember_the lights before leaving the classroom A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn off D.turned off 6.The bookby many students is very popular in our school. A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 7.She suggested that we_a picnic this weekend. A.have B.had C.will have D.are having 8.He seems _the truth.We should tell him immediately A.know B.to know C.knowing D.known 9.Youworry about me.I can take care of myself. A.mustn't B.needn't C.can't D.may not 10.English well,we need to practice speaking every day. A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Learned 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The children ought to _(finish)their homework by now,but I'm not sure. 2.My parents always tell me(not talk)to strangers. 3.The movie was so boring that I couldn't help(fall)asleep. 4.You have called me earlier.I was waiting for you all morning 5.I saw a girl(cry)in the park yesterday.What happened to her? 6.It's important_(protect)the environment for future generations. 7.He(can)speak French fluently when he was in France. 8.The teacher asked us_(hand)in our papers before the end of class 8 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 9.This sweater needs(wash).It's dirty. 10.They(must)have arrived at the station by now.The train left 30 minutes ago. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last weekend,I decided(visit)my grandparents in the countryside.On the way,I met a boy who seemed _(lose).He told me he couldn't find his way home.I thought I_(help)him,so I asked for his parents' phone number. While(wait)for his mother,we talked about his hobbies.He said he enjoyed(play)basketball and wanted(become)a player like Yao Ming.I encouraged him-(keep)practicing When his mother arrived,she thanked me again and again.I felt happy-(help)others.On my way to grandparents',I realized that small acts of kindness can make a big difference. Looking back,I think I(not take)the wrong bus that morning.If I had,I wouldn't have met the boy. Sometimes,life's surprises teach us more than we expect.In the future,I will try_(be)more helpful to people around me. 答案区 演练-：1.A2.C3B4.A5.C6.A7.A8B9B10.C 1.have finished 2.not to talk 3.falling 4.should have 5.crying 6.to protect 7.could 8.to hand 9.washing/to be washed 10.must 1.to visit 2.lost 3.must help 4.waiting 5.playing 6.to become 7.to keep 8.to have helped 9.needn't have taken 10.to be 9