基础动词用法 非谓语动词分类系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 语法精解 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 冀教版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 冀教版高中基础动词用法中，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试 卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接 影响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择、逻辑关系及句法功能往 往是解题关键。 考查内容 。形式与句法功能：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing、过去分词done)作主 语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的辨析与应用 。固定搭配与语义辨析：接不定式与动名词的动词/短语固定搭配（如want to do,enjoy doing),不定 式与动名词作宾语时的语义差异（如remember to do/remember doing) 。逻辑关系与转换：分词作状语时与主句主语的逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词复合结构（如wh+宾语 +宾补)，非谓语动词与从句的转换（如不定式作目的状语与so that从句的转换） 知识点一：非谓语动词的分类及基础用法 1.不定式(to+动词原形) 1.功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等 2.例句： ·To learn English well is important..(作主语) ·He wants to play basketball.(作宾语) ●Her dream is to be a teacher.(作表语) 2.动名词（动词+ing,具有名词性质） 1.功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 2.例句： ●Swimming is good exercise.(作主语) ·She enjoys reading books.(作宾语) ·His hobby is collecting stamps.(作表语) 3.分词 1.现在分词（动词+ig,表主动/进行） ·功能：作定语、状语、补语 ·例句： l.The running water is clean.(作定语，表主动) 2.He sat there reading a newspaper..(作状语，表伴随) 2.过去分词（动词-ed,表被动/完成) ·功能：作定语、状语、补语 ·例句： l.The broken window needs repairing.(作定语，表被动) 2.Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful..(作状语，表被动) 知识点二：非谓语动词分类及用法 1.动词不定式（(to+动词原形，有时省略o) 1.基本结构：to+动词原形（否定形式：not to+动词原形） 2.功能及例句： ●作主语：To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要。) ·作宾语：She wants to buy a new book.(她想买一本新书。) ·作宾语补足语：My mother asks me to clean the room.(妈妈让我打扫房间。) ·作目的状语：He went to the library to read books.(他去图书馆看书。) 。固定搭配：want to do,decide to do,hope to do,plan to do 2.动名词（动词原形+ing) 1.基本结构：动词原形+ing(否定形式：not+动名词) 2.功能及例句： ●作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有好处。) 2 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 ·作宾语：I enjoy listening to music.（我喜欢听音乐。) ●作表语：Her hobby is dancing.(她的爱好是跳舞。) ●固定搭配：enjoy doing,finish doing,practice doing,.mind doing,be good at doing 3.现在分词（动词原形+ing) 1.基本结构：动词原形+ing(否定形式：not+现在分词) 2.功能及例句： ·作定语（表示主动/进行)：The running boy is my brother.(正在跑步的男孩是我弟弟。) ·作表语（表示主语的特征）：The story is interesting.(这个故事很有趣。) 。作宾语补足语（强调动作正在进行）：I saw her reading a novel..(我看见她正在看小说。) 。作状语（表示伴随/原因）：Ie sat there,reading a newspaper.(他坐在那里看报纸。) 4.过去分词（动词过去分词形式） 1.基本结构：动词过去分词（规则动词加-ed,不规则动词需特殊记忆） 2.功能及例句： ·作定语（表示被动/完成）：The broken window was repaired.(破碎的窗户被修好了。) 。作表语（表示主语的状态）：The door is closed.(门是关着的。) ·作宾语补足语（表示被动/完成）：Ihear'd the song sung in English.(我听到这首歌被用英语演唱。) 。作状语（表示被动/完成）：Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful.(从山上看，这座城市很漂 亮。) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo（不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ●forget to do(忘记去做)→例句：Don't forget to lock the door when you leave. 。remember to do(记得去做)→例句：Remember to call your mother back, 。would like to do(想要做)→例句：I would like to drink some milk, 。offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to help me with my lessons. 。promise to do(承诺做)→例句：She promises to come on time.. 。choose to do(选择做)→例句：They choose to stay at home this weekend. ·agree to do(同意做)→例句：My father agrees to buy me a new bike ●refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：He refuses to answer the question 3 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 。learn to do(学习做)→例句：We learn to swim in summer.. 。prepare to do(准备做)→例句：They prepare to have a picnic. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： 。ask sb.not to do(要求某人不要做)→例句：The teacher asks us not to talk in class. 。tellsb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)→例句：My mother tells me not to eat too much candy. 。want sb.todo(想要某人做)→例句：I want my brother to help me. 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： 。like doing(喜欢做)→例句：She likes listening to music. ·love doing(喜爱做)一例句：They love playing football.. ●hate doing(讨厌做)→例句：He hates washing dishes. ◆start doing(开始做)→例句：We start learning English when we are young 。begin doing(开始做)→例句：The rain begins falling at noon. ·stop doing(停止做)→例句：Stop talking!The class begins. 。continue doing(继续做)一→例句：He continues reading after dinner.. 。prefer doing(更喜欢做)→例句：I prefer staying at home to going out. ·miss doing(错过做)→例句：I missed seeing the film last night 。imagine doing(想象做)→例句：Can you imagine living on the moon? 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考）： ◆be busy doing(忙于做)一例句：They are busy preparing for the exam. ·feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream now. 。thanks for doing(感谢做)→例句：Thanks for helping me. 3.done（过去分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。get done(被…)→例句：My bike got stolen yesterday. ●have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month. ·see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：We saw the old house pulled down. 。hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：She heard her name called,. 。make sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：He made his car repaired. 2.常见形容词化过去分词（中考常考）： 4 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 ·interested(感兴趣的)→例句：I am interested in English, 。surprised(惊讶的)一例句：She is surprised at the news. ●excited(兴奋的)→例句：They are excited about the trip 。bored(无聊的)→例句：I feel bored when I have nothing to do. 。tired(疲倦的)→例句：He is tired after a long walk. 考法精析 考法一：非谓语作定语辨析 核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作发生时间（将来/进行/完成）， 选择正确的非谓语形式 真题1（语法填空）： The students_(attend)the lecture now are from Grade Two. 答案：attending 解析：被修饰名词“students”与“attend”为主动关系，且由时间标志词“now”可知动作正在进 行，用现在分词作定语。 真题2（完形填空）： I have a report(finish)before Friday,so I can't go out with you. A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished 答案：B 解析：被修饰名词“report”与“finish”为逻辑上的动宾关系（动作由主语“I”发出），且由时间 标志词“before Friday”可知动作尚未发生，用不定式作定语表将来。 考法二：非谓语动词作状语与时态语态结合 核心：根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的时间关系及主被动关系，结合上下文语境选择正确的非谓语形 式 真题1（语法填空)： -(finish)his homework,he went out to play basketball with his friends. 答案：Having finished 解析：“完成作业”发生在“出去打球”之前，且“he”与“finish”为主动关系，所以用现在分词 的完成式Having finished。 真题2（单项选择)： -many times,but he still couldn't understand the problem A.Told B.Telling C.Having told D.Having been told 答案：D 5 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 解析：“被告知”发生在“couldn't understand”之前，且“he”与“tell”为被动关系，所以用现在 分词的完成被动式Having been told. 考法三：非谓语动词作定语、状语及固定搭配的综合辨析 核心：结合语境区分不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语和状语的用法，掌握高频固定搭配中odo 与doing的区别 真题1（单项选择）： The girl_under the tree is my best friend.She likes_books. A.reading;reading B.to read;reading C.read;to read D.reading;read 答案：A 解析：第一空需填定语修饰'the girl'',”女孩与”读”是主动进行关系，用现在分词reading:第二 空like”后接动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配1 ike doing sth.,故选A。 真题2（语法填空）： I have a lot of homework_(do),so I decide-(not go)out tonight. 答案：todo;not to go 解析：第一空用不定式todo作后置定语，表”要做的作业”；第二空”decide'”后接不定式作宾语，否 定形式为decide not to do sth.,故填todo和not to go。 解题小妙招 非谓作定看关系，主动进行用现分，被动完成用过分，将来未发用不定： 非谓作状辨先后，先于谓动用完成，主动having加现分，被动having been加过分； 目的状语不定式，joy后接动名词，综合运用看功能，定状宾补要分明。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.English well,we should practice speaking every day. A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Learned 2.The boy_in the library is my brother.He_books for two hours. A.reading;has read B.read;reads C.to read;is reading D.being read;read 3.I regret_you that the meeting has been canceled. A.telling B.to tell C.tell D.told 6 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 4.-by the teacher,he decided to study harder. A.Encouraging B.Encouraged C.To encourage D.Having encouraged 5.The problem_at the meeting yesterday is still under discussion. A.to raise B.raising C.raised D.having raised 6.She pretendedwhen her mother came in. A.to sleep B.sleeping C.to be sleeping D.being slept 7.the film twice,I still want to watch it again. A.Seeing B.Seen C.Having seen D.To see 8.The manager asked his secretary-the report before Friday. A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished 9.in the rain,he caught a bad cold. A.Caught B.Catching C.Having caught D.To catch 10.The book is saidinto five languages so far. A.to translate B.to be translated C.to have translated D.to have been translated 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He tried_(open)the door,but it was locked. 2.(improve)his writing skills,he keeps a diary every day. 3.The girl(wear)a red dress is my cousin. 4.I remember_(meet)you somewhere before,but I can't recall the exact place. 5.-(not receive)a reply,he decided to write another email. 6.The novel(write)by Lu Xun is still popular today 7.She seems_(work)on the project all night because she looks tired. 8.(solve)this problem,we need to think carefully. 9.The children were heard_(sing)in the next room when I passed by. 10.-(invite)to the party,she felt very excited. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 I love reading books,especially those_(write)by famous authors.Last week,I decided_(read)Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen.-(start)reading,I found the story quite interesting.The main character, Elizabeth Bennet,is a smart and independent woman_(fight)for her own happiness. > 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 One evening,while(read)the book,I heard a knock at the door.It was my friend Lily,who wanted (borrow)a novel.I lent her Wuthering Heights,-(tell)her it was one of my favorites.She promised (return)it in a week. (finish)Pride and Prejudice yesterday,I felt a sense of satisfaction.The novel teaches us that true love should be based on mutual respect.I plan-(read)more classic books in the future. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.A3B4.B5.C6.C7.C8B9.A10.D 演练二：l.to open2.To improve3.wearing4.meeting5.Not having received6.written7.to have been working 8.To solve 9.singing 10.Having been invited 1.written 2.to read 3.Starting 4.fighting 5.reading 6.to borrow 7.telling 8.to return 9.Having finished 10.to read