基础动词用法 谓语动词分类系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（北师大版）

高中北师大版 【专题】 基础动词用法知识点全解 语法专版 谓语动词分类系统讲解 北师大版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 北师大版高中英语基础动词用法中，谓语动词分类是重点语法模块，考频占动词用法考察总量的 30%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(3-4题)、完形填空(4-5题)、语法填空(3-4题)、 书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子结构合理性与表意准确性）。在语境理解类题目中，谓语动词 的时态、语态及主谓一致往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能 。时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成 时、将来完成时的基本结构与语境匹配 ·语态：主动语态与被动语态在不同时态中的转换及应用 ·主谓一致：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致原则在不同句式中的体现 知识点一：动词的分类及基础用法 1.系动词（无实义，后接表语) 1.常见类型： ·be动词(am/is/are/was/were) 。感官动词(look/sound/taste/smell/feel) 。变化类动词(become/get/turn/gow) 2.例句： ●The cake tastes sweet.(感官系动词，后接形容词作表语) ·He became a doctor last year..(变化类系动词，后接名词作表语) 2.实义动词（有具体含义，可独立作谓语） 高中北师大版 【专题】 基础动词用法知识点全解 1.及物动词（后接宾语)： ·eat(吃)、visit(参观) 。例句：She visited her grandparents yesterday.. 2.不及物动词（不接宾语，或需加介词后接宾语)： ●un(跑)、listen(听) ●例句：Ie runs fast../She listens to music every evening. 3.情态动词（表语气，后接动词原形） 1.常见情态动词： ·can/could(能力/许可) 。may/might（许可/推测) ●must/have to(必须) ●should(建议) 2.例句： 。You can borrow this book from the library.(表能力) ●He must finish his homework before9p.n.(表必须) 4.助动词（无实义，辅助构成时态/语态/疑问句) 1.常见助动词： ·do/does/did(辅助实义动词构成疑问句/否定句) ·be(辅助构成进行时/被动语态) 。have/has(辅助构成完成时) 2.例句： 。Do you like English?(do辅助构成一般现在时疑问句) ·They have finished their homework.(have辅助构成现在完成时) 知识点二：谓语动词分类及用法 1.实义动词（有具体动作或状态意义的动词） 1.及物动词（必须接宾语，构成”主谓宾”结构)： ·常见动词：love（爱)、eat(吃)、teach(教) 高中北师大版 【专题】 基础动词用法知识点全解 。结构：主语+及物动词+宾语 。例句： l.She loves her family.(loves后接宾语her family) 2.They eat dinner at7p.m.(eat后接宾语dinner) 2.不及物动词（无需接宾语，或需加介词后接宾语)： 。常见动词：Iun(跑)、arrive(到达)、listen(听) ·结构1（无宾语）：主语+不及物动词 ·例句：He runs fast.(un后无宾语，fast为副词修饰动作) ·结构2（加介词接宾语)：主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语 ·例句： 1.They arrived in Beijing yesterday.(arrive in Beijing) 2.She listens to music every day.listen to music) 2.系动词（连接主语和表语，说明主语性质、状态或特征） 1.常见系动词 ·be动词(an/is/are/was/were) 。感官动词(look”看起来”、sound”听起来”、taste'”尝起来”、smell'闻起来”、feel”摸起来”) ·变化类动词(become'”变得”、get”变得”、tum”变成”) 2.结构：主语+系动词+表语（名词/形容词/介词短语等） 3.例句： ·The flower is beautiful..(is为be动词，beautiful为形容词作表语) ·This song sounds good.(sound为感官系动词，good为形容词作表语) ·He became a doctor in2020.(became为变化系动词，a doctor为名词作表语) 3.助动词（协助实义动词构成时态、语态或疑问句/否定句，无实际意义） 1.常见助动词：do/does/did(一般现在时/过去时)、have/has/had(完成时)、wil/shall(将来时)、be动 词（进行时/被动语态） 2.用法示例： 。构成否定句：主语+助动词+ot+实义动词原形 例句：She does not like coffee.(does为助动词，协助构成否定句) ·构成疑问句：助动词+主语+实义动词原形 例句：Have you finished your homework?(have为助动词，协助构成现在完成时疑间句) 3 高中北师大版 【专题】 基础动词用法知识点全解 。构成时态：主语+助动词+实义动词分词形式 例句：They are playing football now.(are为助动词，协助构成现在进行时) 4.情态动词（表示能力、许可、推测、意愿等，后接动词原形） 1.常见情态动词：can(能/会)、may(可以/可能)、must（必须/一定)、should（应该)、will(将要/愿 意) 2.结构：主语+情态动词+动词原形 3.例句： ·You can swim fast.(can表示能力，后接动词原形swim) ·We must follow the rules.(must表示必须，后接动词原形follow) ·She may come tomorrow.(may表示推测，后接动词原形come) 知识点三：谓语动词的时态变化 1.一般现在时 1.基础用法： ·表示经常性、习惯性动作→例句：She usually gets up at6:30a.m 。表示客观事实或真理→例句：The earth goes around the sun, 。主语为第三人称单数时动词加-s-es→例句：He teaches English in a middle school. 2.时间标志词： ·always(总是)→例句：They always play soccer on weekends, 。often(经常)→例句：I often read books in the library. 。sometimes(有时)→例句：She sometimes goes shopping with her mother. 2.一般过去时 1.基础用法： ●表示过去发生的动作或状态→例句：I visited the Great Wall last summer. 。动词用过去式（规则/不规则变化）→例句：He bought a new bike yesterday. 2.时间标志词： ·yesterday(昨天)→例句：We had a party yesterday. 。last week/month/year(上周/月/年)→例句：She moved to Beijing last month, ·in2020(在2020年)→例句：They got married in2020. 高中北师大版 【专题】 基础动词用法知识点全解 3.一般将来时 1.基础结构： 。will+动词原形→例句：I will go to college next year ·be going to+动词原形（计划/打算）→例句：She is going to study abroad. 2.时间标志词： ●tomorrow(明天)→例句：They will have a test tomorrow. 。next week/month(下周/月)→例句：We are going to visit the museum next week. 。in the future(将来)→例句：Robots will help people in the future. 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作状语 核心：根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主被动关系及时间关系，判断使用不定式、现在分词或过去 分词作状语 真题1（语法填空）： -(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful. 答案：Seen 解析：非谓语动词see与逻辑主语the city为被动关系（城市被看），且表完成意义，故用过去分词 Seen作状语。 真题2（单项选择)： He hurried to the stationthe early train. A.catch B.to catch C.catching D.caught 答案：B 解析：空格处表目的（匆忙去车站是为了赶早班车），非谓语动词中不定式todo表目的，故选B。 考法二：非谓语动词与谓语动词的综合判断 核心：通过分析句子结构和逻辑关系，区分谓语动词与非谓语动词，并结合时态、语态及固定搭配 确定正确形式 真题1（语法填空)： -(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful.He(take)many photos yesterday. 答案：Seen took 解析：第一空，句子主句谓语为looks,see作非谓语，与逻辑主语city是被动关系，用过去分词 Seen:第二空，yesterday为过去时间标志词，take在句中作谓语，用一般过去时took。 高中北师大版 【专题】 基础动词用法知识点全解 真题2（单项选择)： The teacher asked us_(finish)our homework on time and we_(do)it carefully. A.finish did B.to finish did C.finishing do D.to finish do 答案：B 解析：第一空，ask sb.to do sth.是固定搭配，用不定式to finish;第二空，and连接并列谓语，前半 句asked是过去式，后半句谓语do也用过去式did。 考法三：谓语动词与非谓语动词的综合辨析及应用 核心：结合动词分类判断句子中谓语动词的时态、人称变化，同时区分非谓语动词与逻辑主语的 主被动关系及固定用法 真题1（单项选择)： carefully in class,and you_better grades. A.Listen get B.Listening will get C.Listen will get D.To listen get 答案：C 解析：前半句为祈使句，需用动词原形Listen作谓语；后半句根据语境”认真听讲，你将会取得更 好的成绩”，用一般将来时will get,.前后为并列分句，and连接两个谓语动词。 真题2（语法填空）： The girl(read)a book under the tree ismy best friend.She often_(go)to the library on weekends. 答案：reading goes 解析：第一空”reading a book”为现在分词短语作定语，修饰名词girl,表主动关系；第二空缺少谓语 动词，主语she为第三人称单数，根据”'often”可知用一般现在时，go的第三人称单数形式为goes。 解题小妙招 非谓语作状看逻辑，主被动关系先确定：主动用现分，被动用过分，目的结果要不定式： 谓非谓语先分辨，句中谓语看时态，时间标志是关键，无标志时看语境： 非谓形式有三种，todo/doing/done,固定搭配要牢记，ask后接todo莫忘记，finish后接doing别迟疑： 并列谓语时态同，ad连接要一致，非谓不作谓语用，主谓宾中找谓语。 6 高中北师大版 【专题】 基础动词用法知识点全解 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.English well,we need to practice every day. A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Learned 2.My mother often tells me_too much time playing video games. A.not to spend B.not spend C.don't spend D.not spending 3.The girl_in the classroom is my best friend. A.sing B.singing C.sung D.to sing 4.Hethe book for two hours when his brother came in. A.reads B.has read C.was reading D.read 5.We decidedto the beach for vacation last week A.go B.going C.to go D.went 6.by the teacher,he felt very happy. A.Praise B.Praising C.Praised D.To praise 7.You follow the traffic rules when crossing the road. A.can B.must C.may D.might 8.The problem at the meeting yesterday was about environmental protection A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.discuss 9.She enjoys music and oftento concerts A.listening;go B.to listen;goes C.listening;goes D.listen;going 10.hard all morning,they-lunch in the school cafeteria A.Working;have B.Worked;had C.Working;had D.To work;having 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He wants(buy)a new bicycle for his birthday. 2.-(swim)is a good way to keep fit. 3.My father usually_(read)newspapers after dinner 4.The students are asked(clean)their classroom every day. 5.(see)from the sky,the city looks like a big garden 6.She(finish)her homework already,so she can go out now. 7.I hope(visit)the Great Wall next summer vacation. 8.The man(stand)at the door is our new teacher. 9.They decided(not go)to the party because of the rain. 7 高中北师大版 【专题】 基础动词用法知识点全解 10.We(have)a picnic in the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Passage: Last Sunday,my friends and I planned(go)hiking in the mountains.We(meet)at the school gate at 7:00 a.m.After_(check)our backpacks,we started our trip.The weather was perfect-sunny but not too hot.Along the way,we saw many beautiful flowers and heard birds_(sing)in the trees. Halfway up the mountain,Lily suddenly_(fall)down and hurt her knee.We stopped(help)her.Tom, who(study)first aid before,gently cleaned her wound and put a bandage on it.Lily thanked us and said she could continue.Two hours later,we finally reached the top.-(stand)there,we enjoyed the amazing view.Some of us began(take)photos,while others_(share)snacks we brought. It was a tiring but happy day.We learned that helping each other is important when facing difficulties. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.A3B4.C5.C6.C7.B8B9.C10.C 1.to buy 2.Swimming 3reads 4.to clean 5.Seen 6.has finished 7.to visit 8.standing 9.not to go 10.will have 1.to go 2.met 3.checking 4.singing 5.fell 6.to help 7.had studied 8.Standing 9.taking 10.shared