非谓语动词 不定式 to do 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（北师大版）

高中北师大版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 语法专版 【专题】非谓语动词一不定式todo系统 讲解 北师大版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 北师大版高中英语中，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有 核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句 子多样性与表达准确性。在语境理解类题目中，不定式todo的句法功能、时态及语态变化往往是 解题关键。 考查内容 ·基本结构与句法功能：不定式的肯定式(todo、否定式(not to do)、被动式(to be done)、完成式 (to have done):作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法 。固定搭配与句型：接不定式作宾语的动词(want,decide,hope等)、接不定式作宾补的动词(ask,telL, allow等)、“疑问词+不定式”结构、It作形式主语/宾语的句型(tis+adj.+to do sth.) 。语法区别与语境辨析：不定式与动名词作宾语的区别（如forget to do/doing,.remember to do/doing)、 不定式作目的状语与结果状语的用法、不带to的不定式情况（情态动词后、使役动词let/make/have 后等) 知识点一：不定式todo系统讲解 1.基本构成及特征 1.构成形式：to+动词原形（否定式：not to+动词原形） 2.语法特征：具有动词性（可带宾语/状语）、名词性（可作主语/宾语）、形容词性（可作定语）和副 词性（可作状语） 3.例句： ·He wants to learn English.(带宾语English) ●She asked me not to leave.(否定式) 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 2.作主语（常用t作形式主语，不定式置于句末） 1.直接作主语：To help others is good, 2.形式主语结构：It+be+形容词/名词+todo 3.例句：It is important to study hard.(it为形式主语，to study hard为真正主语) 3.作宾语（接在及物动词后） 1.常见动词：want(想要)、decide(决定)、hope(希望)、leam(学习)、manage(设法) 2.例句： .She hopes to go to college. They decided to stay at home. 4.作宾语补足语(“动词+宾语+todo”结构) 1.常见动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、teach(教)、want(想要)、allow(允许) 2.例句： My mother told me to clean the room The teacher asked us to finish the task 5.作表语（置于系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质） l.常见系动词：be、seem、appear、become 2.例句： Her dream is to be a doctor The most important thing is to stay healthy. 6.作定语（修饰名词，置于名词后） 1.逻辑关系：不定式与被修饰名词构成动宾关系（若不定式为不及物动词，需加介词） 2.例句： ●I have a lot of work to do.(todo修饰work,逻辑动宾关系) ·She needs a pen to write with.(不及物动词write后加介词with) 7.作状语（表目的、结果、原因等） 1.目的状语：He got up early to catch the bus.(to catch the bus表目的) 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 2.结果状语：She was too tired to walk.(to0.to.结构，表“太…而不能…”) 3.原因状语：I'm glad to see you.(to see you表原因) 8.特殊结构：不带to的不定式 1.情态动词后：can、may、must等+动词原形（例：You must finish it now.) 2.使役动词后：let(让)、make(使)、have(让)+宾语+动词原形（例：My father made me study.) 3.感官动词后：see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)+宾语+动词原形（例：I saw her run away.) 知识点二：不定式todo的功能和用法 1.作主语（表示具体的动作或行为） 1.结构：To do sth.+谓语动词（通常用单数形式） 2.例句： ·To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要) ·To help others makes him happy.(帮助别人让他开心) 3.常用形式：Itis+adj.+to do sth.(it作形式主语，真正主语是todo结构) 4.例句： ·It is easy to solve this problem.(解决这个问题很容易) ·It is necessary to follow the rules..(遵守规则是必要的) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词后，作动作的对象） 1.常见动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、plan(计划)、try(尝试)、leam(学习) 2.例句： ·She wants to buy a new pen.(她想买一支新钢笔) ●They plan to visit the museum tomorrow.(他们计划明天参观博物馆) 3.部分动词后接疑问词+todo:how(如何)、what(什么)、where(哪里)、when(何时) 4.例句： ●Idon't know how to swim.(我不知道如何游泳) ·He asked where to find the library.(他问去哪里找图书馆) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） 3 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 1.常见动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want（想要)、teach(教)、help(帮助)、wish(希望) 2.结构：主语+动词+宾语+to do sth. 3.例句： ●My mother asks me to clean my room.(妈妈让我打扫房间) ·The teacher teaches us to speak English.(老师教我们说英语) 4.使役动词和感官动词的特殊用法：let(让)、make(使)、have(让)、see(看见)、hear(听见)等 后接不带to的不定式（被动语态时to需还原） 5.例句： ·He let me play basketball with him.(主动：let+宾语+动词原形play) ●I was made to finish the work alone..(被动：be made+to+动词原形finish) 4.作定语（修饰名词，放在名词后，表示要做的事情) 1.结构：名词+to do sth.(不定式与被修饰名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系) 2.例句： 。I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做) ·She needs a pen to write with.(她需要一支钢笔来写字) 5.作状语（表示目的、结果或原因） 1.目的状语（常译为“为了”） 2.例句： ·He studies hard to get good grades.(他努力学习是为了取得好成绩) ·She went to the shop to buy some milk.(她去商店买牛奶) 3.结果状语（常与ony连用，表示“意外的结果”） 4.例句： ●He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经离开了) ●She worked hard only to fail the exam.(她努力学习，结果考试还是不及格) 6.作表语（放在系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质） 1.结构：主语+be+to do sth.(表示计划、安排或职责) 2.例句： ●His dream is to be a doctor.(他的梦想是成为一名医生) 4 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 ·The next step is to finish the report.(下一步是完成报告) 7.不定式的否定形式（在to前加not) 1.结构：not to do sth. 2.例句： 。Tell him not to smoke here.(告诉他不要在这里抽烟) 。She decided not to go to the party..(她决定不去参加聚会) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo（不定式) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to carry the heavy box for me. 2.agree to do(同意做)一例句：My parents agree to take me to the zoo. 3.refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：She refuses to tell me the secret 4.promise to do(承诺做)→例句：He promises to help me with my math, 5.choose to do(选择做)→例句：They choose to stay at home on Sunday. 6.would like to do(想要做)→例句：I would like to drink some tea 7.invite sb.todo(邀请某人做)→例句：She invites me to attend her birthday party.. 8.teach sb.todo(教某人做)→例句：My uncle teaches me to swim in summer. 9.remind sb.todo(提醒某人做)→例句：Please remind me to take the keys, l0.prepare to do(准备做)→例句：We prepare to visit the museum next week. 特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： 1.ask sb.not to do(要求某人不要做)→例句：The teacher asks us not to be late 2.tell sb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)→例句：My mother tells me not to eat too much candy. 3.want sb.todo(想要某人做)→例句：I want my brother to help me. 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream today. 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 2.stop doing(停止做)→例句：Please stop talking in class. 3.give up doing(放弃做)一例句：He gives up playing computer games.. 4.be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner. 5.consider doing(考虑做)→例句：They consider moving to a new house.. 6.suggest doing（建议做)→例句：He suggests going for a walk after dinner. 7.dislike doing(不喜欢做)→例句：She dislikes cleaning the room. 8.keep on doing(继续做)一例句：He keeps on working though he is tired. 9.succeed in doing(成功做)→例句：They succeed in finishing the project. l0.have fun doing(做某事很开心)→例句：We have fun playing in the park. 固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 1.be worth doing(值得做)→例句：The book is worth reading. 2.can't help doing(忍不往做)→例句：She can't help laughing at the joke 3.think about doing(考虑做)→例句：I am thinking about buying a new bike. 3.done(过去分词) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.get done(被…)→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday. 2.have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month. 3.see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：We saw the old house pulled down. 4.hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：She heard the song sung in English. 5.make sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：He made his voice heard. 特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： l.be interested in doing(对…感兴趣)→例句：She is interested in learning art.(注：此处虽为 doing,但done作为过去分词常构成被动语态，如be+done结构，例：The work is finished.) 2.be surprised to do(对做某事感到惊讶)一例句：I am surprised to see him here.(注：todo结 构中过去分词形容词化，例：surprised,interested) 解题小妙招 6 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 非谓语解题妙招 非谓作定看关系，动宾不及加介词： 不定式表将来/目的，主动被动“todo/to be done”: 现在分词表主动/进行，过去分词表被动/完成： 作主宾用动名词，目的状语不定式： 固定搭配要牢记，结合语境辨分明。 考法精析 考法一：不定式作定语的用法辨析 核心：判断不定式与被修饰名词的逻辑关系，确定是否需要加介词及介词搭配 真题1（语法填空)： She is looking for a room-(live)in. 答案：to live 解析：不定式作定语修饰名词room,逻辑上“住在房间里”为动宾关系，live为不及物动词，需加 介词in,此处in已给出，故填to live。 真题2（单项选择）： I need a penwrite with A to B for Cwith D/ 答案：A 解析：不定式作定语修饰pen,逻辑动宾关系，不及物动词write后需加介词with,此处介词with 已给出，故用不定式符号to,选A。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语辨析 核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动、动作性质），区分不定式、现在分词、 过去分词作定语的用法 真题1（语法填空）： We need someone(help)with the project.The person(have)experience is preferred. 答案：to help having 解析：第一空需要不定式作后置定语修饰不定代词someone,.表“将要帮助的人”，用to help;第 二空“人”与“有经验”是主动关系，且作定语表主动/进行，用现在分词having。 真题2（单项选择)： The girl_in red is my sister,and she has a habit of reading booksby Mo Yan. A.dressing written 7 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 B.dressed writing C.dressed written D.dressing writing 答案：C 解析：第一空“女孩”与“穿衣服”是被动关系(be dressed in),用过去分词dressed作定语；第二 空“书”与“写”是被动完成关系，用过去分词written作定语。 考法三：不定式的被动式与不带to的不定式还原 核心：区分不定式被动式(to be done)与主动表被动的情况，掌握使役/感官动词后不定式在被动 语态中的to还原规则 真题1（单项选择）： The work needs_before Friday.Remember late. A.to finish not to be B.finishing don't be C.to be finished not to be D.finished not be 答案：C 解析：第一空“work”与“finish”是被动关系，need后接不定式被动式to be finished:第二空 remember后接不定式否定式not to be,构成remember not to be late(记得不要迟到)。 真题2（语法填空)： He was made-(clean)the room again because he forgot_(lock)the door yesterday. 答案：to clean to lock 解析：第一空使役动词make用于被动语态时，不定式需还原to,即be made to clean:第二空forget 后接不定式to lock,表示“忘记去做某事”，符合语境“忘记锁门”。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.It is important for usEnglish well A learn B to learn Clearning Dlearned 2.My parents often tell metoo much time playing games A not to spend B to not spend 8 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 C don't spend Dnot spend 3.The teacher asked us the classroom after class A clean B cleaning Cto clean D cleaned 4.Her dream is_a famous scientist A become B to become Cbecoming Dbecame 5.I have a lot of homework tonight A do Bto do C doing D done 6.He ran as fast as possible_the early bus A catch B to catch C catching D caught 7.The story is_and everyone is_in it A interesting interested B interested interesting C interesting interesting D interested interested 8.The building_last year is our new library A build B building Cbuilt Dto build 9.-carefully is very important for students A Read B To read CReading D Readed 10.The boy in the park is my brother Aplay 9 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 B to play C playing Dplayed 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She hopes(visit)the Great Wall next year 2.My mother told me_(not be)late for school 3.He has a lot of work(finish)today 4.I'm glad_(see)you again 5.The girl_(wear)ared dress is my sister 6.This is a book(write)by Lu Xun 7.(learn)English well,he practices every day 8.The teacher allows us_(use)dictionaries in class 9.I heard her(sing)in the next room yesterday 10.He seems_(know)the answer to the question 演练三：语法填空试题 Nowadays,many students find it difficult 1_(concentrate)on their studies.They often spend too much time 2_(play)computer games or 3_(chat)online.This is a problem 4(need)to be solved. Teachers and parents should encourage students 5(develop)good study habits.6(achieve)this goal, students can make a study plan and stick to it.The plan should include time for 7(read),8(write)and 9_(review)lessons. It's also important for students 10(learn)how to manage their time properly.Only by doing so can they improve their study efficiency and achieve good grades. 答案区 演练-：1-5 BACBB6-10 BACCC 演练二：1.to visit2.not to be3.to finish4.to see5.wearing6.written7.To learn8.to use 9.sing 10.to know 演练三：1.to concentrate2.playing3.chatting4 needing5.to develop6.To achieve7.read- ing 8.writing 9.reviewing 10.to learn 10