Unit 4 Invention and Civilisation2-2025-2026学年高中英语选修三语法知识点全解（重大版）

高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 Unit 4 Invention and Civilisation 语法专项突破 考频分析 重庆大学版选择性必修第三册中，Unit4 Invention and Civilisation相关语法是重点语法模块，考频 占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型：阅读理解（词汇与句式理解）、语法填空(2-3题)、 短文改错(1-2题)、书面表达（话题相关词汇与句式运用，影响表达丰富度）。在语境应用类题目 中，该单元涉及的词汇辨析、复杂句式及逻辑连接词往往是解题关键。 n0 matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的5%左右， 主要分布在核心题型：单项选择1题、完形填空1-2题、语法填空1题。在语境理解类题目中，该 结构的引导词选择及从句语序往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。让步状语从句：no matter+疑问词引导的从句结构特征与语义功能 ·非谓语动词：不定式、动名词、分词的用法辨析与语境应用 。时态与语态：四大核心时态及其被动语态的转换规则 知识点一：让步状语从句（no matter+疑问词) 1.连接词功能： 。no matter what/when/where/who/which/how引导让步状语从句的基本结构与语义辨析 2.句式转换： 。与wh-词+ever引导的让步状语从句的转换规则及使用场景差异 3.语境应用： ·在复杂语境中理解从句与主句的逻辑关系，选择恰当连接词完成句子 知识点二：非谓语动词 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.不定式(t0+动词原形，表目的、将来、结果等)： ·基本结构： 肯定式：to+动词原形（如to learn,.to invent) 否定式：not to+动词原形（如not to forget) ·功能及例句： 作主语：To invent new tools is important for civilisation. 作宾语：He wants to study the history of inventions. 作目的状语：She went to the library to read books about technology. 作宾语补足语：My teacher asked me to explain the invention process. 2.动名词（动词+ng,作名词用，表习惯、抽象动作）： 。基本结构：动词原形+ing(如inventing,studying) 。功能及例句： 作主语：Inventing the wheel changed human life. 作宾语：She enjoys reading about great inventors. 作介词宾语：He is interested in improving old machines, 3.分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done): 。现在分词（表主动、进行）： 作定语：The developing technology brings new possibilities. 作状语：Walking through the museum,we saw many ancient inventions. ·过去分词（表被动、完成）： 作定语：The printed books were spread all over the world, 作状语：Inspired by his teacher,he decided to become an inventor. 知识点三：时态与语态 1.一般现在时： 。基础用法： 表示经常性、习惯性动作一She gets up at6:30 every morning. 表示客观真理或事实→The earth goes around the sun. 主语为第三人称单数时，动词加-s-es→He teaches English in a middle school.. 用于时间/条件状语从句（主将从现）一If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. ·被动语态结构：am/is/are+过去分词→English is spoken by many people. 2.一般过去时： ●基础用法： 表示过去发生的动作或状态→They visited the Great Wall last summer, 标志性时间状语：yesterday,.last week,in2020一I finished my homework yester day evening, 动词过去式变化：规则动词加-ed,不规则动词特殊变化一She bought a new book yesterday 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词→The letter was written by my brother. 3.一般将来时： 。基础用法： will/shall+动词原形(shall用于第一人称)→I will go to Beijing next month be going to+动词原形（计划或有迹象发生）→It is going to rain soon. 标志性时间状语：tomorrow,next year,in the future→They will have a party next Friday. 。被动语态结构：will be+过去分词→A new hospital will be built here next year. 4.现在完成时： 。基础用法： have/has+过去分词（表示过去动作对现在的影响）→I have finished my homework. 标志性时间状语：already,.yet,ever,never,since,for→He has lived here for 10 years. 强调动作从过去持续到现在→We have known each other since20l8. 。被动语态结构：have/has been+过去分词→The work has been finished. 考法精析 考法一：高级用法与语境应用 1.复合引导词结构(”no matter+疑问词+else/ever”强化语气)： 。强调唯一性或极端情况一No matter where else she travels,.Paris remains her favorite city:. 。与'even”叠加增强让步语气→No matter how even difficult the task is,we must complete it on time. 2.虚拟语气中的让步表达（主从句时态不一致特殊情况)： ●对现在/将来情况的虚拟让步→No matter what excuse he made,I would not believe him. 。对过去情况的虚拟让步→No matter how hard she had studied,she couldn't have passed the exam without your help 3.与其他状语从句的转换（让步与条件/时间从句互换)： ●与条件状语从句转换→No matter what you choose,I will support you.=If you choose anything, I will support you. 。与时间状语从句转换→No matter when you come,you are welcome.=Whenever you come,you are welcome 4.书面语中的替代表达（”regardless of”+名词短语)： 。直接接名词→No matter the result,.we should try our best.=Regardless of the result,.we should try our best. 3 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ●接名词性从句一→No matter what he says,.we shouldn't believe him.=Regardless of what he says, we shouldn't believe him. 5.语用功能拓展（表达坚定立场或承诺）： 。表达坚定立场→No matter what happens,I will never give up my dream 。表达承诺→No matter how busy I am,I will attend your birthday party. 考法二：结构转换与功能辨析 核心：区分”no matter+疑问词？与”wh-疑问词+ever”的功能差异，判断其引导从句类型（让步状语 从句/名词性从句) 真题1（语法填空)： _breaks the school rules will be punished severely.(Whoever/No matter who) 答案：Whoever 解析：空格处引导主语从句，需用Whoever;No matter who仅能引导让步状语从句，不可作名词性 从句引导词。 真题2（完形填空）： hard she tried,she couldn't solve the math problem alone. A.No matter how B.However C.Whatever D.No matter what 答案：A 解析：根据空后形容词hard可知需用how引导方式让步，No matter how符合语法要求；B选项 However.虽可引导让步状语从句，但此处考查固定结构辨析，A为最佳答案。 考法三：让步状语从句与非谓语动词的综合应用 核心：结合no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句，辨析非谓语动词（不定式、分词）在从句省略 结构及主句中的功能作用 真题1（单项选择)： No matter how hard he triedthe machine,he couldn't make it work. A.repair B.repairing C.to repair D.repaired 答案：C 解析：No matter how引导让步状语从句，主句含y to do sth.固定搭配（尽力做某事），不定式to repair作目的状语。 真题2（语法填空）： No matter when(invite)to the party,she always brings homemade cookies. 答案：invited 解析：No matter when引导让步状语从句，主从句主语一致(she),从句省略主语和be动词，invite 与逻辑主语she构成被动关系，用过去分词invited。 4 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 解题小妙招 从句引导词辨析妙招 名词性从句用-ever,让步状语no matter; 主宾表同需名词，whoever whatever来担当： 让步状语表尽管，no matter+wh紧跟上： 转换错误看功能，主语从句用-ever; 时态呼应要注意，主现从过常相伴。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择 1.he says,we shouldn't believe him because he often tells lies. A.No matter what B.No matter what that C.What D.That what 答案：A 2.No matter how hard she(try),she couldn't pass the exam. 答案：tried 演练二：综合应用 1.breaks the rules will be punished.(Whoever/No matter who) 答案：Whoever 2.No matter when-(invite),she brings cookies. 答案：invited 答案区 演练-：1.A2..tried 演练二：1.Whoever2.invited 5