Unit 4 Invention and Civilisation1-2025-2026学年高中英语选修三语法知识点全解（重大版）

高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【语法专版】Unit4核心解析 语法突破 Unit 4 Invention and Civilisation 被动语态与核心词汇专项 考频分析 重庆大学版选择性必修第三册中，Unit4 Invention and Civilisation是重点语法模块，考频占该单元 语法总量的25%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型：阅读理解(3-4题)、语法填空(2-3题)、短文改错(2-3 题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响语篇逻辑与表达准确性）。在语境应用类题目中，该单元涉及 的词汇搭配、句式结构及语用功能往往是解题关键。 考查内容 被动语态（完成时/进行时）是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的8%左右，主要分布在 以下题型：单项选择1-2题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解（涉及长难句分析）、书面表达（提升句式 多样性)。在语境理解和语法填空中，被动语态的时态辨析及主谓一致是解题关键。 知识点一：被动语态（完成时/进行时） 1.完成时被动语态 1.现在完成时被动语态：has/have been done 。表示动作已完成且强调结果或影响 ·例句：The work has been finished.(工作已被完成) 2.过去完成时被动语态：had been done 。表示在过去某时间前已完成的被动动作 。例句：The bridge had been built before the war..(桥在战前已被建造) 2.进行时被动语态 l.现在进行时被动语态：am/is/are being done ·表示动作正在进行 。例句：A new road is being built.(新路正在被修建) 1 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【语法专版】Unit4核心解析 2.过去进行时被动语态：was/were being done ·表示过去某时正在进行的被动动作 。例句：The car was being repaired when I arrived..(我到达时车正在被修理) 知识点二：核心词汇与短语辨析 1.动词辨析（发明与创造相关) 1.invent(发明，创造出前所未有的事物) 例句：Edison invented the light bulb in 1879 2.discover(发现，找到已存在但未被知晓的事物) 例句：Columbus discovered America in1492. 3.create(创造，侧重从无到有地制作或设计) 例句：Artists create beautiful paintings with their imagination, 2.名词辨析（科技与文明相关） 1.invention(发明物，指具体的发明成果) 例句：The computer is one of the greatest inventions in the20 th century. 2.discovery(发现，指发现的行为或被发现的事物) 例句：The discovery of DNA has changed the field of biology.. 3.technology(技术，指应用科学知识的方法和手段) 例句：Modern technology makes our life more convenient. 3.短语搭配（与发明过程相关) 1.come up with(想出，提出) Scientists are trying to come up with new ways to solve environmental problems. 2.work on(从事，致力于) 例句：He has been working on this invention for three years. 3.lead to(导致，引起) 例句：The development of new technology led to great changes in society.. 知识点三：时态基础 1.一般现在时 ●表示经常性动作：She gets up at6:30 every morning 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【语法专版】 Unit4核心解析 ·表示客观事实：The earth goes around the sun. 。主语第三人称单数变化：He plays football after school. 。时间状语从句（主将从现）：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. ·表示能力特征：She speaks English very well.. 2.一般过去时 ●表示过去动作：I visited the Great Wall last summer. ·时间状语：They went to the park yesterday. 。动词规则变化：He walked to school this morning. 。动词不规则变化：She ate two apples yesterday afternoon. ·否定疑间句：Did you finish your homework?/He didn't go to school.. 3.一般将来时 ·will+动词原形：I will study abroad next year. be going to:She is going to buy a new bike. 。时间状语：We will have a party tomorrow evening. ·there be将来时：There will be a football match next Sunday. 。临时决定：一I'm thirsty.一I will get you a glass of water.. 考法精析 考法一：被动语态特殊结构 1.gt型被动语态 结构：gt+过去分词（强调结果/过程） 例句：My bike got stolen yesterday. 2.主动表被动特殊情况 (I)感官动词+adj.:The flowers smell sweet, (2)动词+副词：This kind of shirt sells well. 3.被动语态时态对比表 3 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【语法专版】 Unit4核心解析 时态 结构 例句 般现在时 am/is/are+done English is spoken worldwide 现在完成时 have/has been done The work has been finished. 现在进行时 am/is/are being done A hospital is being built. 情态动词 情态动词+be done It must be solved immediately. 考法二：完成时被动语态辨析 真题1（语法填空)： The old bridge_(destroy)by the storm before we arrived last night. 答案：had been destroyed 解析：时间标志词before we arrived'表示过去的过去，用过去完成时被动语态。 真题2（单项选择）： All the tickets for the concert out when we arrived A.have sold B.had been sold C.are being sold D.will be sold 答案：B 解析：”售罄”发生在到达前，用过去完成时被动语态。 考法三：被动语态与词汇综合 真题1（单项选择）： Many important scientific discoveries-by accident over the years A.are made B.were made C.have been made D.had been made 答案：C 解析：”over the years”表示持续到现在，用现在完成时被动语态。 真题2（语法填空）： The first telephone(invent)by Bell in 1876. 答案：was invented 解析：具体过去时间i1876”,用一般过去时被动语态。 解题小妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓'，被动必带be和done”: 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK: 一现被动”am/is/are'”,一过被动was/were”; 进行被动要用being',完成被动have/has/had been'”; 4 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【语法专版】 Unit4核心解析 将来被动will be',情态被动”情态+be”: 感官状态主动表，sell write主动搭： 综合运用看语境，时态情态要辨清。 真题演练 真题1（单项选择)： The old house_when we visited last month.Local said it-down soon A.was being repaired,will be pulled B.was repairing;was pulled C.was being repaired;would be pulled D.repaired;has been pulled 答案：C 真题2（语法填空)： This cloth_(feel)soft and(sell)well.A new design_(create)next season. 答案：feels;sells;will be created 答案区 考法二：1.had been destroyed2.B 考法三：1.C2.was invented 真题演练：1.C2.feels,,sells,will be created 5