Unit 3 Discover and Innovation1-2025-2026学年高中英语选修三语法知识点全解（重大版）

高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【语法专版】 Unit3知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】现在完成时与现在完成进行时 Unit 3 Discover and Innovation 考频分析 重庆大学版选择性必修第三册中，Unit3 Discover and Innovation是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量 的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型：阅读理解（涉及主题相关词汇与句式理解）、七选五（篇章逻辑 与创新主题语境衔接)、语法填空（3-4题)、书面表达（创新主题写作，考察相关词汇运用与句式 多样性)。在语境理解类题目中，该单元涉及的名词辨析、非谓语动词及复杂句式结构往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 ·现在完成时与现在完成进行时区别：考频占语法总量的5%左右，主要分布在核心题型：单项选择 1-2题、语法填空1题、完形填空1-2题。在语境理解类题目中，两者表示的动作完成性与持续性 的差异往往是解题关键。 知识点一：现在完成时与现在完成进行时区别 1.基本结构与构成： 。现在完成时：have/has+过去分词 ·现在完成进行时：have/has+been+现在分词 2.核心用法区别： 。现在完成时：表示动作完成或影响持续 ·现在完成进行时：强调动作持续进行及未完成性 3.语境应用匹配： 。根据时间状语（如for/since短语）、动作是否持续及是否强调结果选择正确时态 知识点二：非谓语动词核心用法 1.动词不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、具体动作) 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【语法专版】Unit3知识点全解 1.基本结构：to+动词原形（否定式：not to+动词原形） 2.作主语（常用t作形式主语，不定式后置）： To learn English well is important. It is important to learn English well. 3.作宾语（跟在want,hope,decide等动词后）： She wants to buy a new book They hope to visit Beijing next year. 4.作目的状语（常位于句首或句末，表“为了”）： To catch the early bus,he got up at 5 a.m. She studies hard to pass the exam. 2.动名词(doing)(表主动、习惯、抽象概念) l.基本结构：动词原形+ing(否定式：not+doing) 2.作主语（表抽象动作，谓语用单数）： .Swimming is good for health Reading in bed is bad for eyes. 3.作宾语（跟在enjoy,.finish,practice等动词后）： .He enjoys playing basketball. They finished doing homework at 8 p.m. 4.作介词宾语（跟在in,on,by,after等介词后）： ·She is good at singing After finishing the work,they went home. 3.现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done)(表主动/被动、进行/完成) 1.现在分词（主动、进行)： 。结构：动词原形+ing 。用法：作定语（修饰名词，表主动或正在进行） ●例句： 1.The running boy is my brother. 2.I heard a singing bird in the tree. 2.过去分词（被动、完成)： 2 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【语法专版】Unit3知识点全解 ·结构：动词过去分词（规则动词+ed) ·用法：作定语（修饰名词，表被动或已完成） 。例句： 1.The broken window was repaired. 2.I like the developed countries. 3.作状语： ●现在分词表主动：Walking in the park,she met an old friend. 。过去分词表被动：Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful. 知识点三：非谓语动词搭配 1.todo（不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展： ●plan to do(计划做)→She plans to visit her grandparents this weekend. 。hope to do(希望做)→We hope to win the English competition. 。try to do(努力做)→He tries to finish his homework on time 。learn to do(学习做)→The child learns to play the piano. 。want to do(想要做)→They want to go to the park tomorrow. 。decide to do(决定做)→I decide to study harder next term. 。ask sb.todo(要求某人做)一The teacher asks us to read English every morning. 。tell sb.todo(告诉某人做)→My mother tells me to go to bed early. 。advise sb.todo(建议某人做)→The doctor advises him to exercise more. ●need to do(需要做)→We need to buy some vegetables. 2.特殊结构搭配： ●It's+adj.+todo（做某事是…的)→It's important to learn English well. ●too+adj.+todo(太…而不能做)→He is too young to drive a car. 。enough+adj.+todo(足够…去做)→She is old enough to go to school 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展： 。enjoy doing(喜欢做)→They enjoy playing basketball after school. 。finish doing(完成做)→I finish doing my homework at8p.m. 3 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【语法专版】 Unit3知识点全解 ·be good at doing(擅长做)→She is good at singing English songs.. 。be interested in doing(对…感兴趣)→He is interested in reading science books. 。finish doing(完成做)→I finish doing my homework at8p.m. ·be good at doing(擅长做)→She is good at singing English songs. ·be interested in doing(对…感兴趣)一→Ie is interested in reading science books.. 。keep doing(持续做)→The rain keeps falling all day. ·practice doing(练习做)→We practice speaking English every class.. ◆mind doing(介意做)→Do you mind opening the window? 。avoid doing(避免做)→He tries to avoid making mistakes. ·suggest doing(a建议做)→The teacher suggests having a class meeting. ·spend time doing(花费时间做)一→I spend two hours doing my homework every day. 2.固定短语搭配： 。look forward to doing(期待做)→We look forward to meeting you soon. ·give up doing(放弃做)→He gives up smoking for his health ·be used to doing(习惯做)→She is used to getting up early. 3.do(动词原形) 1.使役动词+do: 。let sb..do(让某人做)→Let him help you with the work. ·make sb.do(使某人做)一The story makes us laugh, 。have sb.do(让某人做)→My father has me clean the room. 2.感官动词+do: 。see sb.do(看见某人做某事全过程)→I see her walk to school every day. 。hear sb.do(听见某人做某事全过程)一→We hear him sing in the next room. 。watch sb.do(观看某人做某事全过程)→They watch the children play games. ·notice sb.do(注意到某人做某事全过程)一She notices the boy run past the door. 考法精析 考法一：现在完成时与现在完成进行时用法对比 核心：根据动作是否强调“完成结果”或“持续过程”，结合动词类型（短暂性/延续性）选择正确时态 真题1（语法填空）： 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【语法专版】 Unit3知识点全解 She(write)the report since 9 o'clock this morning,and she still hasn't finished it. 答案：has been writing 解析：由时间标志词“since9o'clock this morning”及“still hasn't finished”可知，动作从过去开始 持续到现在且仍在进行，强调持续过程，用现在完成进行时；主语为三单，助动词用has,write的 现在分词为writing。 真题2（单项选择)： My brother_(collect)stamps for 5 years,and now he has over 500 stamps. A.collects B.collected C.has collected D.has been collecting 答案：C 解析：由“for5 years”及“now he has over500 stamps”可知，动作已完成且结果持续到现在，强 调完成后的状态，用现在完成时：collect为延续性动词，主语为三单，助动词用has,过去分词为 collected。 考法二：现在完成时/现在完成进行时与非谓语动词的综合应用 核心：结合时间状语判断时态（现在完成时表完成/影响持续，现在完成进行时表持续未完成），同 时正确使用非谓语动词作状语或宾语 真题1（单项选择）： Sheon this project for 5 hours and she still hasn't finishedthe data. A has worked collecting B has been working collecting C worked to collect D was working to collect 答案：B 解析：由时间状语“for5 hours”及“still hasn't finished”可知动作持续进行且未完成，第一空用 现在完成进行时“has been working”;“finish”后接动名词作宾语，第二空用“collecting”,符合 “finish doing”结构。 真题2（语法填空)： After_(study)English for 10 years,he _(improve)his language skills greatly.He_(practice) speaking every day since last month. 答案：studying has improved has been practicing 解析：第一空“aftr”是介词，后接动名词“studying”;第二空表过去动作对现在的影响，用现在 完成时“has improved”;第三空由“since last month”及“every day”可知动作持续进行，用现在完 成进行时“has been practicing”。 考法三：现在完成时、现在完成进行时与一般过去时的综合辨析 5 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【语法专版】 Unit3知识点全解 核心：根据时间标志词及语境判断动作的完成性、持续性或与现在的关联性，掌握三种时态的核 心区别及动词类型适配规则 真题1（单项选择)： She_in this school for 10 years,but she here in 2013.Now she_as a math teacher since 2015. A.taught;came;has worked B.has taught;came;has been working C.has been teaching;has come;worked D.teaches;has come;has worked 答案：B 解析：第一空“forl0 years”表从过去持续到现在的状态，用现在完成时(has taught):第二空“in 2013”为具体过去时间点，用一般过去时(came):第三空“since2015”强调动作从过去开始持续 到现在且可能仍在进行，用现在完成进行时(has been working)。 真题2（语法填空)： My brother_(finish)his homework just now,so he_(watch)TV for an hour.But I_(not see)him since this morning because he(study)in the library all day. 答案：finished;has been watching;haven't seen,:has been studying 解析：第一空“just now”为一般过去时标志词，用finished:第二空“for an hour”强调动作持续 进行，用现在完成进行时(has been watching):第三空“since this morning”表从过去到现在的影 响，用现在完成时否定式(haven't seen);第四空“all day”强调动作全天持续，用现在完成进行时 (has been studying)。 解题小妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 完成强调结果现，持续过程进行选： 短暂动词限完成，延续可续可完成： since for常相伴，未完成时进行先： 过去特定用过去，过去完成看by叶过去”； 综合辨析看关联，动词类型要适配。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择 1.She(write)the report since 9 o'clock this morning,and she still hasn't finished it. A.writes B.wrote C.has written D.has been writing 答案：D 6 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【语法专版】 Unit3知识点全解 2.After_(study)English for 10 years,he(improve)his language skills greatly A.studying;improved B.studied;has improved C.studying;has improved D.to study;improved 答案：C 演练二：语法填空 1.My brother_(finish)his homework just now,so he_(watch)TV for an hour. 答案：finished;has been watching 2.He_(collect)stamps for 5 years,and now he has over 500 stamps. 答案：has collected 答案区 演练-：1D2.C 演练二：l.finished,has been watching2.has collected 7