Unit 2 Dilemma and Solution2-2025-2026学年高中英语选修三语法知识点全解（重大版）

高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】定语从句综合 语法专项突破 考频分析 重庆大学版选择性必修第三册中，Unit2 Dilemma and Solution是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的 15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型：阅读理解（推理判断与主旨归纳题）、完形填空(4-5题)、书面表 达（议论文写作中的逻辑衔接与观点表达）、语法填空(2-3题)。在语境应用类题目中，该模块涉 及的词汇辨析、固定搭配及语境逻辑关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 定语从句综合是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型： 单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句）、书面表达（提 升句式丰富度与逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中，定语从句的关系词选择、时态呼应及限制性与非 限制性的区分往往是解题关键。 知识点一：定语从句综合 1.关系词选用：关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)与关系副词(when、where、why)的 指代对象及句法功能辨析 2.限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、语义差异及关系词使用限制（如that不可用 于非限定性定语从句) 3.特殊用法：“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择依据，as引导定语从句的固定搭配（如as is known to all)及与which的区别 知识点二：非谓语动词的基本用法 1.动词不定式(to+动词原形，表目的、将来、具体动作) ·基本结构：to+动词原形（否定式：not to+动词原形） ·功能及例句： 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.作主语：To learn English well is important.. 2.作宾语：She wants to buy a new pen 3.作目的状语：He gets up early to catch the bus. 4.作宾语补足语：My mother asks me to clean the room. 2.动名词（动词-ing形式，表泛指、习惯性动作） 。基本结构：动词-ing形式（否定式：not+动词-ing) 。功能及例句： l.作主语：Swimming is good for health. 2.作宾语：I enjoy reading books in my free time. 3.作表语：Her hobby is singing. 4.作定语：This is a reading room. 3.现在分词（动词-ing形式，表主动、进行） ·基本结构：动词-ing形式（否定式：not+动词-ing) 。功能及例句： 1.作定语：The running boy is my brother. 2.作表语：The story is interesting. 3.作伴随状语：He sat there,reading a newspaper. 4.过去分词（动词-ed形式，表被动、完成） ·基本结构：动词过去分词（规则动词加-ed,不规则动词需特殊记忆） 。功能及例句： 1.作定语：The broken window needs to be repaired. 2.作表语：The glass is broken. 3.作宾语补足语：I heard the song sung in English 知识点三：名词性从句 1.宾语从句（中考核心） ·基础引导词及用法： l.that(无意义，可省略)→I think(that)English is interesting. 2.if/whether(是否)→She asks if we will go to the party. 3.what(什么)→He doesn't know what to buy for his mother. 4.when(何时)→Tell me when the meeting will start. 5.where(何地)→Do you know where the library is? 6.how(如何)→Can you show me how to use the machine? 2 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 7.why(为什么)→I wonder why he was late for school.. 。语序规则：陈述语序（引导词+主语+谓语）→She asked what his name was. 2.主语从句（中考常考） 。基础引导词及用法： 1.That(无意义，不可省略)→That he passed the exam makes his parents happy. 2.What(…的事情)→What we need is more time. 3.How(如何)→How he solved the problem is a mystery 4.When(何时)→When the party will be held hasn't been decided yet 。形式主语结构： l.It+be+adj.h.+that从句→It is true that she won the first prize. 2.It+不及物动词+that从句→It seems that it will rain soon. 3.表语从句（中考基础） ·基础引导词及用法： l.That（无意义，不可省略)→The fact is that he didn't tell the truth, 2.What(…的东西)→My favorite subject is what I am good at. 3.Why(原因)→The reason for his absence is why he was ill,. 4.How(方式)→The question is how we can finish the work on time. 5.Whether(是否)→The problem is whether we should accept the offer. 。常见系动词搭配： l.be+表语从句→This is where I was born. 2.seem+表语从句→It seems that she is angry with us. 3.look+表语从句→It looks as if it's going to rain 考法精析 考法一：定语从句的常见错误及解题技巧 1.关系词误用辨析（高频易错） ●who/whom混淆 错误：The man who you talked to is my teacher.. E:The man whom you talked to is my teacher./The man you talked to is my teacher. ·where/which混淆 错误：This is the factory where we visited last week 正确：This is the factory which we visited last week. ●why/that混淆 错误：Idon't know the reason that he was absent,. 3 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 正确：Idon't know the reason why he was absent. 2.关系代词省略规则（易混点） ·关系代词作宾语时可省略（限制定语从句） 例句：The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is interesting 。关系代词作主语时不可省略 错误：Students(who)work hard will succeed. 正确：Students who work hard will succeed. ·非限制性定语从句中关系词不可省略 错误：My sister,.lives in Shanghai,is a lawyer. 正确：My sister,.who lives in Shanghai,.is a lawyer 3.定语从句与相似结构辨析（难点突破） ·定语从句Vs状语从句 定语从句：I'll never forget the day when we met. 状语从句：I'll call you when I arrive. ·定语从句Vs强调句 定语从句：It is the house where I was born. 强调句：It is in this house that I was born, ·which指代整句vs what引导名词性从句 which指代整句：He passed the exam,which surprised us. what引导名词性从句：What surprised us was that he passed the exam 4.高频考点专项训练 ·语法填空例题 This is the most interesting story_I have ever read.that) The girl _hair isred is my classmate.whose) He missed the bus,made him late for school.which) 。短文改错例题 I visited the city where my father was born there.there) She has two sons,both of them are doctors.(them whom) The reason why he was late was because he missed the bus.(because that) 考法二：关系代词与关系副词的辨析 核心：根据先行词类型及从句成分（主语/宾语/状语)，选择正确的关系代词或关系副词 真题1（语法填空)： This is the school I studied three years ago. 答案：where 4 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 解析：先行词the school指地点，从句'I studied'中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。 真题2（单项选择)： Do you know the reason-she was late for class this morning A why B that C when D which 答案：A 解析：先行词the reason表原因，从句'she was late for class this morning”中缺少原因状语，故用关 系副词why. 考法三：定语从句与非谓语动词的综合应用 核心：结合定语从句关系词选用规则及非谓语动词（过去分词、现在分词）作定语的用法 真题1（单项选择）： The girl_is wearing a red dress is my sister.She likes clothes-by famous designers. A.who;designing B.whom;designed C.who;designed D.which;designing 答案：C 解析：第一空考查定语从句，先行词'the gir”指人且在从句中作主语，用who:第二空考查非谓语 动词，clothes与design之间是被动关系，用过去分词designed。 真题2（语法填空）： I visited the museum-(build)in 1950,where I saw many paintings-(paint)by Van Gogh. 答案：built,:painted 解析：第一空'museum”与build'”是被动关系，用过去分词built:第二空'paintings'与"paint'”是被 动关系，用过去分词painted。 解题小妙招 关系代词与副词，先看先行词类型： 人用who whom whose,物用which that行： when表时间where地，why指代原因明； 从句成分是关键，主宾用代词，状语副词替。 限制性与非限制性，逗号有无来区分： 限制定语无逗号，非限有逗隔开清： 限用that指人/物，非限不用that要记准； 指代整句用which,that不可用于此情形。 综合运用要熟练，whose表所属最典型： 分隔定从不慌张，找准先行词是前提： 最高级后用that,which不能替换替： 关系词选用有规则，多练多思得要领。 高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 真题演练 演练一：单项选择 1.The old temple_roof was damaged in the storm is now under repair. A.whose B.which C.of which D.that 答案：A 2.We visited the museum yesterday,_we saw many ancient artifacts.It's the first museum_I've ever been to in this city. A.where:that B.which:where C.that:which D.where:which 答案：A 演练二：语法填空 1.This is the most interesting storyI have ever read.that) 2.The girl hair is red is my classmate.whose) 3.He missed the bus,made him late for school.which) 4.This is the school_I studied three years ago.where) 5.I visited the museum_(build)in 1950.built) 演练三：短文改错 1.I visited the city where my father was born there.there) 2.She has two sons,both of them are doctors.(them whom) 3.The reason why he was late was because he missed the bus.(because that) 答案区 演练-：1.A2.A 演练二：1.that2.whose3.which4.where5.built 演练三：1.删除there2.them→whom3.because-→hat 6