内容正文:
高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版
【语法专版】
虚拟语气全解
语法专版
【专题】Unit2 Dilemma and Solution
虚拟语气专项突破
考频分析
重庆大学版选择性必修第三册中,Dilemma and Solution是重点语法模块,考频占句法总量的l5%
左右,贯穿试卷核心题型:阅读理解(2-3处关键设题)、完形填空(23题语境分析)、书面表达
(逻辑衔接核心,影响篇章连贯性)。在情境分析类题目中,困境表述的准确性及解决方案的合理性
往往是解题关键。
考查内容
虚拟语气(用于名词性从句)是高中英语语法的重要考点,考频占语法总量的%左右,主要分布
在以下题型中:单项选择1题、语法填空1题、阅读理解(辅助理解复杂句)、书面表达(提升句
式多样性与准确性)。在语境分析类题目中,虚拟语气的时态呼应及与陈述语气的区分往往是解题
难点。
知识点一:虚拟语气(名词性从句)
1.宾语从句虚拟:表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词后的that从句用(should+动词原形结构
2.主语从句虚拟:Itis+形容词/名词+hat从句中用(should)+动词原形结构
3.表语/同位语从句虚拟:与先行词(如suggestion,demand)搭配的从句用(should)+动词原形结构
知识点二:核心从句类型及用法
1.宾语从句
1.连接词:that(陈述句,可省略if/whether(一般疑问句,“是否”)、特殊疑问词(what/when/where/why/how
等)
2.语序规则:无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句必须用陈述语序(主语+谓语)
3.时态一致:
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高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版
【语法专版】
虚拟语气全解
。主句为一般现在时,从句可根据实际情况用任意时态
。主句为一般过去时,从句用过去相关时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成
时)
4.例句:
1.She says(hat)she likes English.(陈述句作宾语,that可省;主句现在时,从句现在时)
2.I don't know if he will come tomorrow.(一般疑问句作宾语,用if;主句现在时,从句将来时)
3.He asked where they lived.(特殊疑问句作宾语,陈述语序:主句过去时,从句过去时)
2.定语从句
1.关系代词:who(指人,作主语/宾语)、whom(指人,作宾语)、which(指物,作主语/宾语)、that
(指人/物,作主语/宾语)、whose(指人/物,作定语)
2.关系副词:when(指时间,作时间状语)、where(指地点,作地点状语)、why(指原因,作原因状
语,先行词常为reason)
3.注意点:关系代词作宾语时可省略;that不能用于非限制性定语从句(逗号隔开的定语从句)
4.例句:
l.The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister..(who指人,作主语,先行词为the girl)
2.This is the book(which/that)I bought yesterday.(which/that指物,作宾语可省略,先行词为the
book)
3.I still remember the day when we first met.(when指时间,作时间状语,先行词为the day)
3.状语从句
1.时间状语从句(引导词:when/while/as/after/before/until/since等)
例句:I was doing homework when my mother came back..(when意为“当…时”,主句用过去进行
时,从句用一般过去时)
2.条件状语从句(引导词:if/unless/as long as等,遵循“主将从现”原则)
例句:If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(if意为“如果”,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现
在时表将来)
3.原因状语从句(引导词:because/since/as等)
例句:He didn't go to school because he was ill..(because意为“因为”,回答why引导的问句)
4.结果状语从句(引导词:so.hat/uch.hat.,意为“如此…以至于…”)
例句:She is so kind that everyone likes her..(sot形容词+that从句)
5.让步状语从句(引导词:though/although/even if等,不能与but连用)
例句:Although he is young,.he knows a lot..(although意为“虽然”,不能与but同时使用)
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高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版
【语法专版】
虚拟语气全解
知识点三:情态动词
1.基本情态动词
1.can(能/会)→例句:I can speak English and Chinese.
2.could(能/会,can的过去式)→例句:She could swim when she was five.
3.may(可以/何能)→例句:May I borrow your pen?
4.might(可能,may的过去式/委婉语气)→例句:It might rain tomorrow.
5.must(必须/肯定)→例句:You must finish your homework first.
6.have to(不得不,客观需要)→例句:I have to go to school on weekdays.
7.should(应该)→例句:We should help each other.
8.would(将要/愿意,will的过去式)→例句:He said he would visit us next week,
9.need(需要,情态动词/实义动词)→例句:Need I come here early?(情态动词)/You need to drink
more water.(实义动词)
l0.had better(最好)→例句:You had better go to bed now.
2.情态动词表推测
1.must(肯定推测,用于肯定句)→例句:He must be at home now.(他现在肯定在家)
2.can't(否定推测,用于否定句)→例句:She can't be late.(她不可能迟到)
3.may/might(可能推测,用于肯定句/否定句)→例句:They may go to the park.(他们可能去公园了)
/It might not rain.(可能不会下雨)
3.情态动词的疑问及回答
1.Can.?→肯定▣答:Yes,.can.否定回答:No,.can't.
例句:Can you ride a bike?-Yes,Ican.No,Ican't.
2.May.?一肯定回答:Yes,.nay./Sure.否定回答:No,.cant/mustn't.
例句:May I open the window?一Sure.No,you can't.
3.Must.?→肯定回答:Yes,.must.否定▣答:No,.needn't/don't have to.
例句:Must I hand in the homework today?一Yes,you must../No,you needn't,
考法精析
考法一:虚拟语气的特殊用法
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高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版
【语法专版】
虚拟语气全解
1.含蓄虚拟语气(无明显虚拟标志词的假设)
常见标志词/短语:without(没有)、but for(要不是)、otherwise(否则)、or(否则)
。相当于对现在/将来事实的虚拟:标志词+名词/代词,主句+should/would/could/might+动词原
形
例句:Without your help,I would never finish this task.
。相当于对过去事实的虚拟:标志词+名词/代词,主句+should/would/could/might+have+动词
过去分词
例句:But for the rain,.we could have had a picnic yesterday..
2.固定句型中的虚拟语气
。It is (high/about)time that..(到了该做某事的时间了,与现在事实不符)
结构:It is(high/about)time that+主语+动词过去式/should+动词原形(should不可省略)
例句:It is high time that we took action to protect wild animals..
。would rather that.(宁愿…,与事实不符的愿望)
对现在/将来的虚拟:would rather that+主语+动词过去式
例句:I would rather you came tomorrow.
对过去的虚拟:would rather that+主语+had+动词过去分词
例句:She would rather that she had not said those words.
3.wsh后的宾语从句虚拟语气(表达不可能实现的愿望)
·对现在事实的虚拟:wish+that+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were)
例句:I wish I were a bird.
。对过去事实的虚拟:wish+that+主语+had+动词过去分词
例句:He wishes he had attended the meeting yesterday.
●对将来事实的虚拟:wish+that+主语+would/could/might+动词原形
例句:She wishes she could travel around the world next year..
考法二:虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
核心:根据引导动词、形容词/名词或先行词的类型,判断是否使用虚拟语气,并正确运用'(houd)+
动词原形”结构
真题1(语法填空):
The teacher insisted that we _(finish)our homework before dinner.
答案:(should)finish
解析:insist表示”坚持要求”时,其后宾语从句需用虚拟语气,结构为"(should)+动词原形”,should
可省略。
真题2(单项选择):
It is necessary that hethe meeting on time tomorrow.
A.attend B.attends C.attended D.will attend
答案:A
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高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版
【语法专版】
虚拟语气全解
解析:”It isnecessary that.…”结构中,主语从句需用虚拟语气,谓语动词用”(should)叶动词原形”,should
可省略,此处用动词原形attend。
考法三:虚拟语气与三大从句的综合运用
核心:结合名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句的结构特点,判断虚拟语气在不同从句中的适用场景
及动词形式变化
真题1(单项选择)
The teacher suggested that we_more attention to grammar rules which_in the textbook.
A pay are explained
B should pay explained
C paid are explaining
D would pay were explained
答案:A
解析:第一空为宾语从句虚拟语气,suggest后的宾语从句用(should)+动词原形,should可省略;第
二空为定语从句,先行词”grammar rules”与explain构成被动关系,且描述客观事实,用一般现在
时被动语态'are explained'。
真题2(语法填空):
It's necessary that students_(master)basic sentence patterns before they start writing essays where complex
structures-(require).
答案:(should)master are required
解析:第一空为主语从句虚拟语气,It is necessary that结构中从句用(should)+动词原形:第二空为
定语从句,先行词'complex structures'”与require构成被动关系,描述一般性要求用一般现在时被动
语态”are required,。
解题小妙招
虚拟语气在复合句中的综合运用
·核心:结合名词性从句、状语从句及特殊句型中虚拟语气的用法,根据语境判断虚拟类型并正确
使用动词形式
真题1(单项选择):
The teacher suggested that we the meeting if it tomorrow,but I wish it fine soon.
A.put off;rains;will be
B.should put off,rained were
C.put off,had rained;would be
D.should put off;were to rain;would be
答案:D
解析:第一空为suggest后的宾语从句,用'(should)+动词原形”;第二空为f条件句对将来的虚拟,
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高中选择性必修第三册重庆大学版
【语法专版】
虚拟语气全解
用”were to+动词原形:第三空为wish对将来的虚拟,用”would+动词原形”。
真题2(语法填空):
It is high time that we(take)measures to solve the problem.My suggestion is that a special committee
-(set)up immediately.If we_(act)earlier,the situation wouldn't be so serious now.
答案:took/should take,be set,had acted
解析:第一空为It is high time that..”句型,用动词过去式或”should+动词原形”:第二空为表语从
句,先行词为suggestion,用'(should))+be set'';第三空为if条件句对过去的虚拟,用had+过去分
词”。
虚拟语气妙招
名词性从虚拟看,坚持建议必要词:
(should)加原形是关键,should省略常见之;
状语从句虚拟辨,条件让步看时间:
过去事实had done,现在过去were/did连;
将来虚拟三形式,were to//should/did在先:
复合句中综合用,分清类型再判断:
高时句型特殊记,过去原形均可选:
wish后接虚拟时,现在过去had done,将来would加动原。
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