主谓一致系统复习-2025-2026学年高中英语语法复习（译林版）

高中译林版语法复习 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】主谓一致系统复习 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三译林版中，主谓一致是重点语法模块，考频占语法复习总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心 题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子语法 正确性与逻辑性。在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的语法规则及主语单复数判断往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对主谓一致的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础规则与特殊用法： ·语法一致原则：主语与谓语在人称和数上的基本匹配，如单数主语接单数谓语、复数主语接复数 谓语： ·意义一致原则：根据主语所表达的单复数意义确定谓语形式，如集体名词(family,.class)表整体 时用单数、表成员时用复数： ·特殊结构一致：就近原则(therebe句型、either..or..等)、就远原则(with,together with等)及不 定代词(each,none等)作主语时的谓语形式。 知识点一：主谓一致基本原则及应用场景 1.语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式) 。规则1：单数主语（不可数名词/单数可数名词/第三人称单数代词）→谓语用单数（现单三形式： 动词+s/es) ·例句：(I)Water boils at100C.(不可数名词water作主语，谓语boil用现单三boils)(2)She studies English every day.(第三人称单数she作主语，谓语study用现单三studies) ·规则2：复数主语（可数名词复数/复数代词）→谓语用原形（现单三除外时态） ·例句：They often play basketball after school.（复数代词they作主语，谓语play用原形) 2.意义一致原则（主语意义单复数决定谓语形式） 。规则1：集合名词表整体时（视为单数）→谓语单数：表成员时（视为复数）→谓语复数 ·常见集合名词：family(家庭/家人)、class(班级/同学)、team(团队/队员) 高中译林版语法复习 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·例句：(I)The family is a happy one.(family表整体”家庭'，谓语用单数is)(2)The family are watching TV.(family表成员”家人”，谓语用复数are) 。规则2：the+形容词”表一类人时（视为复数）→谓语复数 ●例句：The old are taken good care of in our community.(the old表”老年人”，谓语用复数are) 3.就近一致原则（并列主语中靠近谓语的名词决定单复数) 。适用结构：either..or./neither.nor.not only.but also./there be句型 。例句：(I)Either you or he is right..(靠近谓语的he是单数，谓语用is)(2)There is a book and two pens on the desk.(靠近谓语的a book是单数，谓语用is) 知识点二：主谓一致核心规则与特殊情况 1.语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式) ·规则1：单数主语（可数名词单数/不可数名词/单数代词）+单数谓语 ·例句：(I)The book is on the desk.(可数名词单数作主语，用is)(2)Water boils at100C.(不可 数名词作主语，用boils)(3)He plays football every weekend.(单数代词he作主语，用plays) 。规则2：复数主语（可数名词复数/复数代词）+复数谓语 ·例句：(1)These students study hard.(可数名词复数作主语，用study)(2)They are my good friends. (复数代词they作主语，用are) ·规则3：并列主语(and连接) ·表示不同事物：复数谓语 -例句：Tom and Jerry like cheese..(Tom和Jery是两个人，用like) ·表示同一事物/概念：单数谓语 ·例句：A knife and fork is used for eating.(刀义是一套餐具，用is) 2.意义一致原则（主语意义单复数决定谓语) ·集合名词作主语 ·强调整体：单数谓语 -例句：The class is listening to the teacher.(班级整体在听，用is) ·强调个体：复数谓语 -例句：The class are having a discussion.(班级成员在讨论，用are) ·单复数同形名词 ●例句：-This fish swims fast.(一条鱼，单数，用swims)-These fish are from the river..(多条鱼， 复数，用are) ·不定代词作主语 ·单数意义(someone/nobody/everything):单数谓语 2 高中译林版语法复习 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 -例句：Everyone knows the answer.(everyone表单数，用knows) -复数意义(both/few/many):复数谓语 -例句：Many students want to join the club.(many表复数，用want) 3.就近一致原则（谓语与最近主语保持一致) ●there be句型 ·例句：(I)There is a pen and two books on the table..(最近主语apn是单数，用is)(2)There are two books and a pen on the table.(最近主语two books是复数，用are) ●连词or/either.or.neither..nor.连接主语 ·例句：(I)Either you or he is wrong.(最近主语he是单数，用is)(2)Neither the teachers nor the students are happy.(最近主语students是复数，用are) 4.特殊结构主谓一致 ·分数/百分数+o+名词作主语（谓语与名词一致） ●例句：(I)Two thirds of the water is clean..(名词water不可数，用is)(2)Half of the apples are red. (名词apples可数复数，用are) ·时间/距离/金钱作主语（视为整体，单数谓语） ·例句：(1)Ten years is a long time..(十年整体，用is)(2)Five hundred yuan is enough..(五百元整 体，用is) 。"the+形容词”表一类人（复数谓语) ●例句：The old are taken good care of here.(the old表老年人，用are) 知识点三：主谓一致特殊情况 1.集体名词作主语 ·基础用法（中考必背）： -family(表整体)→例句：My family is a big one.. -family(表成员)→例句：My family are watching TV. -team(表整体)→例句：Our team wins the game. -team(表成员)→例句：Our team are discussing the plan.. -class(表整体)→例句：This class is very active, -class(表成员)→例句：The class are having a party. -group(表整体)→例句：The group is from China. -goup(表成员)→例句：The group are singing together. 2.不定代词作主语 。常见搭配（中考核心）： 3 高中译林版语法复习 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 everyone/everybody→例句：Everyone is here today. someone/somebody→例句：Someone wants to see you. -no one/nobody→例句：Nobody knows the answer. -something/anything/.nothing→例句：Something is wrong with my bike. ach/evey+单数名词→例句：Each student has a book. 3.特殊句式主谓一致 。易错结构（中考常考)： -there be句型（就近原则）→例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk. either..or.(就近原则)一例句：Either you or he is right. -neither..nor..(就近原则)→例句：Neither she nor I am good at math. -not only..but also..(就近原则)→例句：Not only you but also he likes swimming. -分数/百分数+of+名词（根据名词单复数）→例句：Two thirds of the water is clean./Two thirds of the students are boys. 解题小妙招 主谓一致妙招 主谓一致有三原则，语法意义就近看： 语法一致最基础，单主单谓复主复： 集合名词看含义，整体单数成员复： 不定代词分单复，neither、each用单数： 并列结构就近则，not only.but also是代表： 分数、the number作主语，单复由后名词定； more than one接单数，谓语依然用单数。 考法精析 考法一：语法一致原则应用 核心：根据主语的单复数形式，直接匹配谓语动词的单复数（现单三形式或原形） 真题1（语法填空）： The girl(study)hard every day to pass the exam. 答案：studies 解析：主语The girl为第三人称单数，根据语法一致原则中“单数主语→谓语用现单三形式”， study的现单三形式为studies。 真题2（单项选择)： 高中译林版语法复习 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 These children often_games after school. A.play B.plays C.playing D.played 答案：A 解析：主语These children为复数，根据语法一致原则中“复数主语→谓语用原形（现单三除外时 态)”，此处为一般现在时，谓语用原形play。 考法二：集合名词与不定代词作主语的主谓一致 核心：区分集合名词表整体/成员时的单复数，以及不同不定代词作主语时的谓语形式 真题1（语法填空)： The class_(be)going to have a picnic this weekend.All the students are excited. 答案：are 解析：集合名词class在此处表”同学，（成员），视为复数，谓语用are。 真题2（单项选择)： Neither of the answers_correct.Please check again. A.is B.are C.am D.be 答案：A 解析：单数不定代词neither作主语时，谓语用单数，故选is。 考法三：综合运用主谓一致三大原则解决复杂句式问题 核心：结合语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则，判断不同结构中主语的单复数形式，选择正确谓 语动词 真题1（单项选择)： Either the students or their teacher_going to the library after school.They need to borrow some books. A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案：A 解析：句中主语由'either..or.”连接，遵循就近一致原则，靠近谓语的their teacher”是单数，且描 述计划中的动作，用一般现在时，因此谓语用s。 真题2（语法填空)： Two thirds of the money(spend)on books last month.The rest is still in the bank. 答案：was spent 解析：主语Two thirds of the money'中"money”为不可数名词，根据语法一致原则，谓语用单数；由 时间标志词'last month'”可知用一般过去时，且”money'与”spend'是被动关系，因此填was spent。 高中译林版语法复习 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.Each student and teacher in this school_a new textbook at the beginning of the term A.receive B.receives C.received D.receiving 2.The familysitting together in the living room,watching the Spring Festival Gala. A.is B.are C.was D.be 3.Not only my parents but also my brother_interested in playing table tennis. A.am B.is C.are D.be 4.Two thirds of the land in this area_covered with trees and grass. A.is B.are C.have D.has 5.More than one member_against the plan put forward at the meeting. A.vote B.votes C.voting D.voted 6.The number of people who English as a second languageincreasing rapidly. A.speaks;is B.speak;is C.speak;are D.speaks;are 7.A knife and fork needed when you have western food. A.is B.are C.was D.were 8.He is the only one of the students whowon the first prize three times. A.has B.have C.is D.are 9.There_a pen,two pencils and a notebook on the desk. A.is B.are C.has D.have 10.Tom,as well as his friends,-to the party last night. A.invite B.invites C.was invited D.were invited 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.This information(be)very important for our project. 2.Both of my sisters(like)listening to pop music 3.The team _(be)made up of 12 excellent players from different countries. 4.Someone(knock)at the door.Go and see who it is. 5.Ten years_(pass)since we graduated from high school. 6.All of the books in this library(be)available for students to borrow. 7.No teacher and no student_(be)absent from the meeting yesterday. 8.The old in this village _(take)good care of by the local government. 9.One more day-(need)to complete the task on time. 6 高中译林版语法复习 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 10.On the top of the mountain(stand)an ancient temple built 500 years ago. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Nowadays,more and more people 1.-(realize)the importance of environmental protection.A number of measures 2.-(take)to reduce pollution in recent years.For example,the government 3.-(pass)laws to limit the emission of harmful gases. However,some problems still exist.Neither factories nor individuals 4.-(pay)enough attention to waste sorting.In fact,70%of waste 5.(can recycle)if properly sorted. A study shows that the family which 6.-(have)a low-carbon lifestyle 7.-(save)more energy than others.More than one organization 8.(call)on people to live a green life. Here 9.(be)some suggestions:use public transport instead of private cars,plant more trees,and reduce the use of plastic products.Remember,everyone 10.(play)a role in protecting the earth. 答案区 演练-：1-5 BBBAB6-10 BAAAC 演练二：1.is2.like3.is4.is knocking5.has passed6.are7.was8.are taken9. is needed 10.stands 演练三：1.realize2.have been taken3.has passed4.pay5.can be recycled6.has7. saves 8.calls 9.are 10.plays 7