所有代词系统复习-2025-2026学年高中英语语法复习（译林版）

高中译林版 【语法复习】 代词系统全解 代词系统 【专题】所有代词系统复习 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三译林版中，代词是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项 选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-4题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子指代明确性与 表达简洁性。在语境理解类题目中，代词的人称、数、格及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·人称代词：主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词的形式变化与句法功能（作 主语、宾语、定语等) ·指示代词与不定代词：this/that/these/those的指代范围，some/any/no/.many/much/few/ittle/all/both/either/neither 的语义辨析与搭配规则 。关系代词与连接代词：that/which/who/whom/whose引导定语从句的用法区别，what/who/which/how 引导名词性从句的语法功能 知识点一：代词的分类及基础用法 1.人称代词（指代人或事物，分主格和宾格） 。主格（作主语）：I/you/he/she/it/we/they→例句：She is a student.. 。宾格（作宾语）：me/you/him/her/it/us/them→例句：I love them. 2.物主代词（表示所属关系，分形容词性和名词性） 。形容词性（后接名词)：ny/your/.his/her/its/our/their→例句：This is my book, 。名词性（独立使用，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”）：mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs→ 例句：The red pen is mine. 3.反身代词（指代主语本身，强调“自己”） ·常见形式：myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves→例句：He taught himself English. 高中译林版 【语法复习】 代词系统全解 4.指示代词（指示人或事物） ·近指：this(这个)hese(这些)→例句：This is a cat.These are books. 。远指：that(那个)/those(那些)→例句：That is a dog.Those are trees. 5.不定代词（指代不确定的人或事物） 。普通不定代词：some(一些)/any(任何)many(许多，接可数名词)much(许多，接不可数 名词)few(很少，接可数名词)/little(很少，接不可数名词)/all(全部)both(两者都)/either (两者中任何一个)neither(两者都不)/each(每个)/every(每个，强调整体)hone(没有一 个)/something(某事)/anything（任何事)/somebody(某人)/anybody(任何人)一例句：Ihave some books.There is little water in the bottle. 6.疑问代词（用于特殊疑问句，询问人或事物) ●常见疑问代词：who(谁，指人，作主语或宾语)whom（谁，指人，作宾语)whose(谁的，表 所属)what(什么，指物)which(哪一个，指人或物)→例句：Who is that man?Whose book is this?What do you like?Which pen do you want? 7.关系代词（引导定语从句，指代先行词) ·常见关系代词：who(指人，作主语或宾语)whom(指人，作宾语)whose(指人或物，表所 属)/wich(指物，作主语或宾语)that(指人或物，作主语或宾语)一例句：The girl who is singing is my sister.This is the book which I bought yesterday. 知识点二：代词分类及用法 1.人称代词（指代人或事物，作主语、宾语） 。主格（作主语） 第一人称：I(我)、we(我们)：第二人称：you(你/你们)：第三人称：he(他)、she（她)、it (它)、hey（他们/她们/它们) 例句： 1.I am a student.(I作主语，第一人称单数) 2.They play football every weekend.(They作主语，第三人称复数) ·宾格（作宾语，放在动词或介词后） 第一人称：me(我)、us(我们)：第二人称：you(你/你们)：第三人称：him（他)、her(她)、 it(它)、them(他们/她们/它们) 例句： 1.My mother often tells me stories.(me作tell的宾语) 2.We are waiting for her at the gate..(her作for的宾语) 高中译林版 【语法复习】 代词系统全解 2.物主代词（表示所属关系) ·形容词性物主代词（后接名词，作定语） 第一人称：my(我的)、our(我们的)：第二人称：your(你的/你们的)：第三人称：his(他的) her（她的)、its(它的)、their(他们的/她们的/它们的) 例句： 1.This is my book.(my修饰名词book) 2.Their classroom is bigger than ours.(their修饰名词classroom) ·名词性物主代词（相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，独立使用） 第一人称：mime(我的)、ours(我们的)：第二人称：yours(你的/你们的)；第三人称：his(他 的)、hers(她的)、its(它的)、theirs(他们的/她们的/它们的) 例句： 1.The red pen is mine.(mine=my pen) 2.These toys are theirs,not ours.(theirs=their toys;ours=our toys) 3.反身代词（指代主语本身，强调“自己”） 第一人称：myself(我自己)、ourselves(我们自己)：第二人称：yourself(你自己)、yourselves(你 们自己)：第三人称：himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自己)、themselves(他们自 己她们自己/它们自己) 例句： 1.I can dress myself..(myself指代主语I) 2.They finished the project by themselves.(themselves指代主语They) 4.指示代词（指示人或事物） 单数：his(这个，近指)、that(那个，远指)：复数：these(这些，近指)、those(那些，远指) 例句： 1.This is a cat,and that is a dog.(this近指，that远指) 2.These apples are sweet,.but those are sour.(these近指复数，those远指复数) 5.不定代词（指代不确定的人或事物） ·sone(一些，肯定句)、any（一些/任何，否定句/疑问句) 例句： 1.I have some books.(肯定句用some) 2.Do you have any questions'?(疑间句用any) 3 高中译林版 【语法复习】 代词系统全解 ·many(许多，修饰可数名词复数)、much(许多，修饰不可数名词) 例句： I.There are many students in the park.(students是可数名词复数) 2.He doesn't have much money..(money是不可数名词) ·evey(每个，三者及以上，强调整体)、each(每个，两者及以上，强调个体) 例句： 1.Every student should study hard.(强调整体学生) 2.Each of the girls has a pen.(强调每个女孩个体) 6.疑问代词（用于疑问句，询问人或事物) who（谁，询问主语或宾语)、whom（谁，询问宾语)、whose（谁的，询问所属关系)、what(什么， 询问事物)、which(哪个/哪些，询问特定范围中的人或事物) 例句： 1.Who is your English teacher??(询问主语“谁”) 2.Whose bag is this?(询问“谁的”包) 3.Which color do you like,.red or blue?(询问特定范围中的“哪个”颜色) 知识点三：代词的分类及用法 1.人称代词 主格与宾格辨析（中考必背）： 1.I(我，主格)→例句：I am a student 2.me(我，宾格)→例句：She teaches me English 3.he(他，主格)→例句：He likes playing football. 4.him(他，宾格)一例句：We often help him 5.she(她，主格)→例句：She is my sister 6.her(她，宾格)→例句：I give her a gift. 7.we(我们，主格)→例句：We study together. 8.us(我们，宾格)→例句：They invite us to the party. 9.they(他们，主格)一例句：They live in Beijing. l0.them（他们，宾格)→例句：I see them in the park. 4 高中译林版 【语法复习】 代词系统全解 2.物主代词 形容词性与名词性区别（中考核心）： 1.my(我的，形容词性)→例句：This is my book 2.mine(我的，名词性)→例句：The red pen is mine.. 3.your(你的，形容词性)→例句：Is this your bag? 4.yours（你的，名词性)→例句：Yours is on the desk 5.his(他的，形容词性/名词性)→例句：His pen is black./The book is his.. 6.her(她的，形容词性)→例句：Her skirt is pink 7.hers(她的，名词性)→例句：That schoolbag is hers. 8.our(我们的，形容词性)→例句：Our classroom is big 9.ours(我们的，名词性)→例句：Ours is on the second floor. 10.their(他们的，形容词性)→例句：Their house is near the park ll.theirs(他们的，名词性)→例句：The bikes are theirs. 3.不定代词 常见用法及辨析（中考易错）： 1.some(一些，肯定句/请求问句)→例句：I have some books./Would you like some tea?? 2.any(一些，否定句/疑问句)→例句：Idon't have any pens./Do you have any questions? 3.many(许多，可数名词)→例句：There are many students in the classroom. 4.much(许多，不可数名词)→例句：He doesn't have much money. 5.few(很少，表否定，可数)→例句：Few people know the answer.. 6.afew(一些，表肯定，可数)→例句：I have a few friends here. 7.little(很少，表否定，不可数)→例句：There is little water left, 8.a little(一些，表肯定，不可数)→例句：Add a little sugar to the coffee. 9.each(每个，强调个体)→例句：Each student has a dictionary 10.every(每个，强调整体)→例句：Every child likes candies. 考法精析 考法一：物主代词的双重所有格用法 核心：掌握“o+名词性物主代词/名词所有格”的结构，理解其表示“部分所属”的含义及与普通 物主代词的区别 真题1（语法填空）： 高中译林版 【语法复习】 代词系统全解 This is a photo of.Look,the girl in the middle is me. 答案：mine 解析：此处表示“我的一张照片”，应用双重所有格结构“a photo of+名词性物主代词”，mine相 当于my photos,符合语境。 真题2（完形填空）： -Whose dictionary is this? -It might be Lucy's.Look,there is a name on the cover of_. A.her B.she C.hers D.herself 答案：C 解析：此处指“字典的封面”，of后需接名词性物主代词，hers相当于her dictionary,符合“the+ 名词+of+名词性物主代词”的双重所有格结构；her为形容词性物主代词，后需接名词；she为主 格：herself为反身代词，均不符合。 考法二：物主代词与双重所有格的综合运用 核心：根据语境判断物主代词的类型（形容词性/名词性），掌握双重所有格的结构及与冠词的搭配 禁忌 真题1（语法填空）： A friend of(I)will come to visit me tomorrow.He is from America. 答案：nine 解析：此处需用名词性物主代词构成双重所有格“a friend of mine”,表示“我的一个朋友”，相当 于“one of my friends”。 真题2（完形填空)： —Is this_book? -No,it's not mine.It's a book of_ A.your;Tom's B.yours;Tom C.your;Tom D.yours;Tom's 答案：A 解析：第一空后有名词“book”,需用形容词性物主代词“your”;第二空构成双重所有格“a book of Tom's”,表示“汤姆的一本书”，强调汤姆众多书之一，故选A。 考法三：代词分类及指代一致性在语境中的综合应用 核心：区分不同类型代词的语法功能，结合语境判断代词指代对象及单复数一致性 真题1（单项选择）： My father bought two books yesterday.One is for me,and_is for my brother. A.other B.another C.the other D.others 答案：C 解析：根据前句'two books”可知表示两者中的另一个，应用the other:other后需接名词，another 用于三者及以上，others为复数代词，均不符合语境。 真题2（语法填空）： These are my pencils.Where are _(your)?I can't find them on the desk. 6 高中译林版 【语法复习】 代词系统全解 答案：yours 解析：空后无名词，需用名词性物主代词yours,相当于your pencils,.符合”询问对方物品位置”的 语境。 解题小妙招 物主代词双重所有格妙招 双重所有格表部分，of后名代名格跟： 普通物主形词性，后接名词不能分： 名代mine yours his,名词所有加's: a friend of mine对，my a friend错频频： 前有名词形物代，无名词时名代跟： Tom's book表特指，a book of Tom's部分真。 代词综合应用妙招 代词分类要记清，人称物主反身行： 人称代词分主宾，主格作主语，宾格作宾： 物主代词两类型，形容后接名，名代独立行： 反身代词表强调，by oneself独自成： 指示代词this/that,近远单复数分明： 关系代词which./hat,先行词物来引领： 做题先看后有无名，有则形容无则名： 语境分析是关键，代词搭配记心间。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.She is more outgoing thanin her class A.I B.me C.my D.mine 2.The company announced that_will launch a new product next month A.it B.they C.its D.their 7 高中译林版 【语法复习】 代词系统全解 3.This is the best novel I have ever read A.which B.that C.what D.who 4.of the two sisters is interested in playing chess A.Both B.Either C.None D.All 5.The book on the desk is not.is in the backpack A.my;Mine B.mine;My C.mine;Mine D.my;My 6.To _should I address the invitation letter? A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 7.is known to everyone,the earth rotates around the sun A.As B.Which C.That D.What 8.The students_are from Class Three will represent the school in the competition A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 9.Could you please pass_the salt?I can't reach it A.me B.I C.my D.mine 10._of the three boys has finished their homework yet A.None B.Neither C.Both 8 高中译林版 【语法复习】 代词系统全解 D.Either 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.My parents always support(I)in pursuing my dreams 2.We should learn to take care of(we)when living alone 3.The little girl found(she)alone in the dark room 4.This is not our classroom.(our)is on the second floor 5.(who)dictionary is this?It has a red cover 6.The house(which)roof is blue belongs to Mr.Smith 7.There is(little)water left in the bottle.Can you get some more? 8.Both of the answers_(be)correct,so you can choose either 9.She is taller than(I)but shorter than-(he) 10.(this)are the books I borrowed from the library yesterday 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） My best friend,Lily,and I have known each other since primary school.Last week,she invited me to visit her new house,(1)is located in the suburbs.The house has a beautiful garden with many flowers,most of(2)were planted by her grandmother.When we entered the living room,I noticed a photo album on the shelf.It was a collection of pictures of(3)(we)childhood.One photo in particular caught my eye:it showed Lily and (4)(I)playing in the park on a sunny day. Lily told me that the house used to belong to her aunt.(5)(she)moved to another city last year,so she decided to sell it to Lily's family.The room on the second floor will be(6)(I)bedroom when I stay overnight.It has a large window,through (7)we can see the whole garden. In the evening,we cooked dinner together.Lily is good at making pasta,and I helped with the salad.We enjoyed (8)(we)very much while eating and chatting about old times.Before I left,Lily gave me a small gift,which was a keychain with a photo of(9)(we)on it.I promised to visit her again soon and bring some books that(10)_(she)might be interested in reading. 答案区 演练-：1.A2.A3.B4.B5.C6.B7.A8.C9.A10.A 演练二：1.me2.ourselves3 herself4.Ours5.Whose6.whose7.little8.are9.me,himl0.These 演练三：1.which2.which3.our4.me5.She6.my7.which8.ourselves9.us10.she 9