非谓语动词系统复习-2025-2026学年高中英语语法复习（译林版）

高中译林版 【语法复习】 非谓语动词系统复习 语法专项 【专题】非谓语动词系统复习 高中译林版语法复习 考频分析 初三译林版中，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，考频占语法复习总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核 心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-4题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接 影响句子简洁性与逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择、主被动关系及逻辑主 语往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·非谓语动词形式辨析：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done)的 构成特征与语法功能差异 ·句法功能应用：作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语的结构特点与语境匹配，如不定式 表目的/结果、分词作状语表伴随/原因 ·固定搭配与逻辑关系：接不定式或动名词的动词/短语辨析（如want to do,.enjoy doing),分词与逻 辑主语的主动/被动关系判断 知识点一：非谓语动词的分类及基础用法 1.动词不定式（to+动词原形，有时省略to) 1.功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 2.例句： ·To learn English well is important..(作主语) ·He wants to buy a new bike.(作宾语) ●Her dream is to be a teacher.(作表语) 。I have a lot of work to do.(作定语) 。She came here to see me..(作目的状语) 。My mother asked me to clean the room.(作宾语补足语) 1 高中译林版 【语法复习】 非谓语动词系统复习 2.动名词（动词+ig形式，具有名词性质） 1.功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 2.例句： ·Swimming is good for health.(作主语) ·He enjoys playing basketball.（作宾语) 。His hobby is collecting stamps.(作表语) 。There is a swimming pool in our school..(作定语) 3.分词 1.现在分词（动词+ing形式，表主动、进行） ·功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 ·例句： 1.The running water is clean..(作定语) 2.They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.(作伴随状语) 3.The book is interesting.(作表语) 4.I saw him playing football..(作宾语补足语) 2.过去分词（动词-ed形式，表被动、完成） ·功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 。例句： 1.The broken window needs to be repaired.(作定语) 2.Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(作状语) 3.I am interested in this story.(作表语) 4.He had his hair cut yesterday.(作宾语补足语) 知识点二：非谓语动词的分类及用法 1.不定式(to+动词原形) 1.功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 2.基本结构：to+动词原形（否定式：not to+动词原形） 3.用法及例句： ·作主语：To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要。) ·作宾语：She wants to go shopping.(她想去购物。) 2 高中译林版 【语法复习】 非谓语动词系统复习 。作表语：His dream is to be a doctor..(他的梦想是成为一名医生。) 。作定语：I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。) ·作状语（目的）：He studies hard to pass the exam.(他努力学习是为了通过考试。) 。作宾语补足语：My mother asks me to clean the room.(妈妈让我打扫房间。) 2.动名词（动词ing形式，具有名词性质） 1.功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 2.基本结构：动词ing形式（否定式：not+动词ing形式） 3.用法及例句： ·作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。) ·作宾语：He enjoys playing football.（他喜欢踢足球。)（常接动名词的动词：enjoy,finish,practice, mind,avoid等) ·作表语：Her hobby is singing.(她的爱好是唱歌。) 。作定语：a reading room(一间阅览室) 3.现在分词（动词ing形式，具有形容词、副词性质） 1.功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 2.基本结构：动词ing形式（否定式：not+动词ing形式） 3.用法及例句： 。作定语（表主动、进行）：a running boy(一个正在跑步的男孩) 。作状语（表伴随、原因、结果等）：He sat there,reading a book.(他坐在那里，读着一本书。)（伴 随) ·作表语（表主动、特征）：The story is interesting.(这个故事很有趣。) ·作宾语补足语（表主动、进行）：I saw her dancing in the pa知k.（我看见她在公园里跳舞。) 4.过去分词（动词过去分词形式，具有形容词、副词性质） 1.功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 2.基本结构：动词过去分词（规则动词加-d,不规则动词需特殊记忆） 3.用法及例句： 。作定语（表被动、完成）：a broken window(一扇被打破的窗户) ●作状语（表被动、完成）：Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful..(从山上看，这座城市很漂 亮。)（被动） ●作表语（表被动、状态）：The door is closed.(门是关着的。) 。作宾语补足语（表被动、完成）：I found the room cleaned.(我发现房间被打扫过了。) 3 高中译林版 【语法复习】 非谓语动词系统复习 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.done（过去分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。be interested in done(对被…感兴趣)→例句：she is interested in invited to the party. 。be used to done(被用来做)→例句：Knives are used to cut things. ·get done(被…)→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday.. 。have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month, 。see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：We saw the thief caught by the police. 。hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：she heard her name called, ·make sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：He made his car washed. 。find sth.done(发现某事被做)→例句：I found my homework finished, ●want sth.done(想要某事被做)→例句：She wants the work done by Friday.. ●need done(需要被做)→例句：The room needs cleaned. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： ·done作定语（表示被动或完成）→例句：The broken window was repaired 。done作表语（表示状态）→例句：The door is closed, 。done作宾补（表示被动）→例句：I had my watch repaired. 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作定语时的形式辨析 核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作发生时间（将来/进行/完成）， 选择正确的非谓语形式作定语 真题1（语法填空)： The meeting-(hold)tomorrow is very important.Please attend it on time. 答案：to be held 解析：由时间标志词'tomorrow'可知动作未发生，且meeting与hold为被动关系，用不定式被动语 态to be held作定语表将来被动。 真题2（单项选择)： Do you know the girl_under the tree? A.reading B.read C.to read D.having read 答案：A 解析：girl与read为主动关系，且动作正在进行，用现在分词reading作定语表主动进行。 4 高中译林版 【语法复习】 非谓语动词系统复习 考法二：非谓语动词作定语的形式选择 核心：根据被修饰词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作发生时间（现在/过去/将来），选 择不定式、现在分词或过去分词作定语 真题1（语法填空）： The students _(attend)the lecture now are from Grade 10. 答案：attending 解析：被修饰词”students'”与”attend'是主动关系，且由时间标志词now”可知动作正在进行，用现 在分词作定语表主动和进行。 真题2（单项选择)： I have a meeting_(attend)tomorrow afternoon so I can't go shopping with you. A.attend B.attending C.attended D.to attend 答案：D 解析：由时间标志词'tomorrow afternoon”可知动作未发生，用不定式作定语表将来，逻辑上”我 是”attend的执行者，用主动形式表被动含义。 考法三：非谓语动词作定语、状语及易混动词搭配综合辨析 核心：结合语境判断非谓语动词作定语时的时间/语态关系、作状语时的逻辑主语关系，以及区分to do与doing的易混动词搭配 真题1（单项选择）： He forgot_the door yesterday,and the_window was broken by the wind. A.closing;opening B.to close;opened C.closing;opened D.to close;open 答案：D 解析：第一空考查forget的搭配，”忘记去做某事”用forget to do,由”昨天”和后句”窗户被风吹 破”可知门未关，用to close:第二空作定语修饰window,open既可作形容词表”开着的”状态，此 处表示窗户处于打开的状态，用open。 真题2（语法填空）： _(improve)his English,he keeps_(read)English novels every day.His parents were_(surprise)at his progress. 答案：To improve reading surprised 解析：第一空作目的状语，用不定式To improve表示”为了提高'；第二空考查keep doing sth.(持 续做某事)，用reading:第三空作表语修饰人，用过去分词surprised表示”感到惊讶的”。 解题小妙招 5 高中译林版 【语法复习】非谓语动词系统复习 非谓语作定妙招 将来动作不定式，主动被动看关系： 主动关系todo用，被动to be done记： 现在分词表主动，动作进行正发生： 过去分词表被动，完成状态已形成。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The teacher asked us to stop_and listen carefully. A.talk B.talking C.to talk D.talked 2.-the early bus,he got up at 5 o'clock this morning. A.Catch B.Catching C.To catch D.Caught 3.I regret_you that the sports meeting has been canceled. A.tell B.telling C.to tell D.told 4.-by the beautiful scenery,the visitors decided to stay for another two days. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Having attracted 5.Remember_the lights when you leave the classroom. A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn off D.turned off 6.The novelby Mo Yan last year is very popular among young readers. A.writing B.written C.to write D.write 7.She pretended-TV when her father came in. A.watch B.watching C.to watch D.to be watching 8.-in the sun for too long,his skin got burnt seriously A.Having stayed B.Staying C.To stay D.Stayed 9.He stopped_a rest after working for three hours. A.have B.having C.to have D.had 10.The problem_at the meeting yesterday was about environmental protection. A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.discuss 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She hopes_(visit)the Great Wall next summer. 2.I saw a boy_(run)after a dog in the park just now. 3.The book_(publish)last month has been sold out. 6 高中译林版 【语法复习】 非谓语动词系统复习 4.-(improve)his English,he practices speaking every day. 5.My mother told me(not play)computer games too much 6.They walked home-(sing)happily all the way. 7.I forget_(meet)him before.When did it happen? 8.The students are busy-(prepare)for the final exam. 9.(see)from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful. 10.He is said_(study)abroad for three years. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Zhang Wei is a student who loves reading.Every morning,he gets up early_(read)English aloud.Last week,he borrowed a book-(call)The Old Man and the Sea from the library.He was so interested in it that he kept reading until midnight without_(notice)the time. One day,while(walk)to school,he met his teacher,Mr.Li.Mr.Li asked,"What makes you_(carry) the book everywhere?"Zhang Wei replied,"I want_(finish)it as soon as possible.The story of the old fisherman is really inspiring!" Yesterday,Zhang Wei finished the book.He felt sad(know)the old man failedto catch a big fish,but he admired the old man's spirit of never-(give)up.He decided(share)the book with his classmates_ (encourage)them to face difficulties bravely. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3.C4.B5.C6B7.D8.A9.C10B 1.to visit 2.running 3.published 4.To improve 5.not to play 6.singing 7.meeting 8.preparing 9.Seen 10.to have studied 1.to read 2.called 3.noticing 4.walking 5.carry 6.to finish 7.to know 8.giving 9.to share 10.to encourage 7