定语从句系统复习-2025-2026学年高中英语语法复习（译林版）

高中译林版 【语法复习专版】 定语从句系统复习 语法专版 定语从句系统复习 高中英语语法专项突破 考频分析 初三译林版中，定语从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型：单项 选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、阅读理解(1-2题)、书面表达（辅助考察，提升句式丰富性与 逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中，关系代词和关系副词的选择及定语从句与先行词的逻辑关系往往 是解题关键。 考查内容 ·关系代词与关系副词：that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why的指代对象与句法功 能辨析 。限制性与非限制性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、语义差异及翻译要点 。特殊用法：“介词+关系代词”结构、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别、先行词为way/time/place 时的关系词选择 知识点一：定语从句的构成及基础用法 1.定义及结构（修饰名词/代词，由关系词引导) 1.基本结构：先行词+关系词+从句（关系词在从句中作成分） 2.例句： 。This is the book which I bought yesterday.（先行词the book,关系代词which作宾语) 。The girl who is standing there is my sister.（先行词the girl,.关系代词who作主语) 2.关系代词（指代先行词，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语） 1.指人：who(主/宾)、whom(宾)、whose(定) 例句：The teacher whom you met yesterday is very kind.(whom作宾语，指人) 2.指物：wich(主/宾)、that(主/宾，可指人/物) 例句：This is the house that was built in1990.(that作主语，指物) 1 高中译林版 【语法复习专版】 定语从句系统复习 3.指人/物的所属关系：whose 例句：I know the boy whose father is a doctor.(whose作定语，指“男孩的") 3.关系副词（指代先行词，在从句中作状语） 1.表时间：when(=介词+which) 例句：I still remember the day when we first met.(when作时间状语，先行词the day) 2.表地点：where(=介词+which) 例句：This is the school where I studied.(where作地点状语，先行词the school) 3.表原因：why(=for which,限先行词为reason) 例句：Tell me the reason why you were late.(why作原因状语，先行词the reason) 4.限制性与非限制性定语从句（语法功能差异） 1.限制性：不可省略，无逗号隔开 例句：Students who work hard will succeed..(限定“努力的学生”，缺一不可) 2.非限制性：补充说明，有逗号隔开，不可用hat 例句：My brother,who is a teacher,.lives in Beijing.(补充说明哥哥职业，去掉不影响主句) 知识点二：定语从句核心用法 1.关系代词引导的定语从句（修饰人/物，作主语/宾语) 1.关系代词分类及用法 who(指人，作主语/宾语)、whom(指人，作宾语，可省略)、which(指物，作主语/宾语)、that (指人/物，作主语/宾语，可替换who/which,但不可用于非限制性定语从句) 2.例句（主动语态) ·The girl who is reading a book is my sister..(who指人，作主语，不可省略) ·This is the pen(which/that)I bought yesterday.(which/that指物，作宾语，可省略) 。The man(whom)we met yesterday is a doctor.(whon指人，作宾语，可省略) 3.例句（被动语态） ·The book which was written by Lu Xun is very popular.(which指物，作主语；被动结构was written) ·The students who are being taught by M.Li are from Class 1.(who指人，作主语；被动结构are being taught) 2.关系副词引导的定语从句（修饰时间地点/原因，作状语) 2 高中译林版 【语法复习专版】 定语从句系统复习 1.关系副词分类及用法 when(指时间，先行词为time/day等，相当于“介词+which”)、where(指地点，先行词为place/city 等，相当于“介词+which”)、why(指原因，先行词为reason,相当于“for which"”) 2.例句（主动语态) 。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.(when指时间，先行词day;可替换为on which) ●This is the factory where my father works..(where指地点，先行词factory;可替换为in which) ·The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus..(why指原因，先行词reason:可替换为for which) 3.例句（被动语态） ●The year when the bridge was built was20I0.(when指时间，bridge与build为被动关系，用was built) 。The city where the Olympic Games were held in2oO8 is Beijing.(where指地点，Olympic Games与 hold为被动关系，用were held) 3.定语从句的特殊用法 1.介词+关系代词（先行词在从句中需与介词搭配） 结构：介词+which/whom(指物用which,指人用whom) 例句：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(live in搭配，用in which,相当于where) 2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句（初中阶段重点区分） 限制性：无逗号，不可省略，如The girl who wears a red dress is Mary.” 非限制性：有逗号，可省略，且不可用that引导，如His mother,.who is a teacher,works in this school,.” 3.先行词为不定代词时(something/nothing/all等) 必须用that引导，如'All that glitters is not gold.,”（闪光的不都是金子) 知识点三：定语从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句（中考核心） 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： 。who(指人，作主语/宾语)→例句：The girl who is singing is my sister..(作主语) ·whom(指人，作宾语，可省略)一例句：The boy whom you met yesterday is Tom.（作宾语) ·which(指物，作主语/宾语)→例句：This is the book which I bought last week.(作宾语) ·that(指人/物，作主语/宾语，先行词为不定代词或被最高级修饰时用)→例句：Ie is the best student that I have ever taught..(指人，先行词被最高级修饰) 。whose(指人/物，作定语，表示“…的”)→例句：This is the girl whose father is a doctor 3 高中译林版 【语法复习专版】 定语从句系统复习 2.关系副词引导的定语从句（中考常考） 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： 。when(指时间，作状语)→例句：I still remember the day when we first met.. 。where(指地点，作状语)→例句：This is the school where I studied ten year'sago. ·why(指原因，先行词为reason,作状语)→例句：Tell me the reason why you were late. 3.定语从句的特殊用法（中考易错） 1.介词+关系代词（指物用which,指人用whom)→例句：This is the house in which I lived last year. The girl with whom you talked is my cousin. 2.限制性与非限制性定语从句（非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，不能用hat)→例句：My brother,who is a teacher,lives in Beijing.(非限制性，指人用who) 3.先行词为way时，关系词用that/in which或省略→例句：Idon't like the way(hat/in which)he speaks to his mother. 考法精析 考法一：关系代词that与which的用法辨析 核心：根据先行词的类型及修饰词，判断只能用hat或只能用which的情况 真题1（语法填空）： This is the most interesting story_I have ever heard. 答案：that 解析：先行词stoy被最高级the most interesting修饰，此时只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。 真题2（单项选择)： She passed the exam,-made her parents very happy. A.that B.which C.who D.as 答案：B 解析：此处为非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，且位于句末，只能用which引导：that不可 用于非限制性定语从句。 考法二：关系代词that与which的用法辨析 核心：根据先行词类型、修饰语特征及从句性质（限制性/非限制性），选择正确的关系代词ht或 which 真题1（语法填空)： This is the most interesting story_I have ever read. 答案：that 解析：先行词story被最高级the most interesting修饰，根据知识点二，此类情况只能用that引导定 高中译林版 【语法复习专版】 定语从句系统复习 语从句。 真题2（单项选择)： She passed the exam,-made her parents very happy. A.that B.which C.who D.what 答案：B 解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，指代主句内容，根据知识点二，非限制性定语从句不可用ht, 需用which引导。 考法三：关系词的综合辨析与运用 核心：结合先行词类型、从句成分及语法规则（如限制性与非限制性、被动语态），准确选择关系 代词或关系副词 真题1（单项选择)： The novel_was written by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.who B.which C.whose D.where 答案：B 解析：先行词“the novel”指物，从句中“was written'”缺少主语，需用关系代词：that可指物但选 项中无that,which符合语法要求，在从句中作主语。 真题2（语法填空)： I still remember the day_we visited the museum together.It was so meaningful. 答案：when 解析：先行词“the day”表时间，从句“we visited the museum together”主谓宾完整，需用关系副 词when作时间状语，相当于“on which”。 解题小妙招 定语从句解题妙招 that which辨先行，最高级后只用that: 非限定从逗号隔，which指代整句话： reason作先行词，从句缺宾用hat: 表语从句that引导，because不可替代它； age表时间用when,所属关系whose加： one of whose名词连，所属结构要记牢： 先行指人作主语，关系代词用who好。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 高中译林版 【语法复习专版】 定语从句系统复习 1.This is the only dictionarycan help you with the new words. A.which B.that C.what D.who 2.She has two sons,both of_work as doctors in the local hospital. A.whom B.who C.which D.that 3.The house_windows face south was built in the 1980s. A.which B.where C.whose D.that 4.I still remember the daywe visited the Great Wall together. A.which B.when C.where D.why 5.He failed the exam,_was unexpected. A.as B.that C.which D.what 6.This is the same story-I heard from my grandfather. A.that B.which C.as D.what 7.The reason-he gave for being late was not believable. A.why B.which C.because D.for which 8.We're talking about the books and writers-we met during the trip. A.that B.which C.whom D.who 9.It was in the parkwe first met that we held our reunion. A.where B.which C.that D.when 10.The number of people-lost homes in the flood reached 500. A.which B.who C.whom D.whose 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The girl is standing at the door is my classmate. 2.This is the city_I was born and grew up. 3.I'll never forget the days-we spent together in Paris. 4.The book_cover is red was written by Mo Yan. 5.He passed the driving test,-made his family very proud. 6.This is the first timeI have visited the Forbidden City. 7.The reason_she was absent is still unknown 8.We have a lot of things-need to be prepared before the trip. 9.The scientist_we met yesterday won the Nobel Prize. 10.This is the factorymy father worked for 30 years. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) 6 高中译林版 【语法复习专版】 定语从句系统复习 Nowadays,more and more people are choosing to work from home,1.-has become a new trend in society.There are many benefits to this lifestyle,one of 2.-is the flexibility of time.People 3.-work from home can avoid the rush-hour traffic,4.-saves them a lot of time. However,working from home also has challenges.The biggest problem is the lack of a clear boundary between work and life.Many people find it hard to focus on tasks 5.-they are in a comfortable environment.This is a common issue 6.-needs to be solved. To deal with this,experts suggest creating a dedicated workspace at home.It can be a small room 7.-a simple desk,8.helps to separate work from daily life.Another tip is to set a fixed schedule,9.makes it easier to stay productive. In conclusion,working from home is a choice 10.-requires self-discipline and effective time management. 答案区 演练-：1B2.A3.C4.B5.C6.C7.B8.A9.A10B 1.who/that 2.where/in which 3.that/which 4.whose 5.which 6.that 7.that/which 8.that/which 9.whom/who/that 10.where/in which 1.which 2.which 3.who/that 4.which 5.when 6.that/which 7.or 8.which 9.which 10.that/which >